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PubMed2001

Management of lower urinary tract symptoms of elderly men in Austria.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this nation-wide study was to determine the current management of elderly men with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) due to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and benign prostatic enlargement (BPE) in Austria, and to assess changes over a 4-year study period from 1995 to 1998. METHODS: The annual figures of prostatectomies performed in Austria from 1995 to 1998 were collected from the Austrian Institute for Health Affairs. Sales figures for finasteride, alpha(1)-receptor blockers and plant extracts were obtained from IMS market sales and Austrian regional compulsory insurance companies. These data were correlated with the number of males living in Austria during the study period and to the estimated numbers of elderly men with moderate and severe LUTS in this country. RESULTS: The annual number of transurethral resections of the prostate (TURPs) decreased from 6,302 in 1995 to 5,297 in 1998 (-16%), and the number of open prostatectomies from 506 to 469 (-7%). Extrapolation of these data to 100,000 men aged > or = 55 years revealed that 0.76% underwent TURP in 1995, this figure decreased to 0.59% in 1998. Market sales of alpha(1)-receptor blockers increased by 497% during the study period and those of finasteride by 1.6%, while plant extract market sales declined by 18.2%. In 1998, plant extracts comprised 43.3% of the total BPH market, alpha(1)-receptor blockers 41.5% and finasteride 15.2%. CONCLUSIONS: During the years 1995-1998, significant changes in medical and surgical BPH therapy were observed in Austria. These data provide the basis for a comparison to the situation in other countries and serve as a baseline investigation for future studies in this country.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prevalence of multiple sclerosis in Austria. Results of a nationwide survey.

The epidemiology of multiple sclerosis (MS) in Austria is almost unknown. We evaluated the prevalence of MS in Austria using data from questionnaires completed by neurologists, comprising information on a total of 1,006 MS patients who attended 30 out-patient specialized clinics nationwide. Additional data were collected from 2,414 MS patients, who received questionnaires from the Austrian MS Society or their doctor. A novel extrapolation model, based on frequencies of patients visits at MS clinics, was used to estimate the overall prevalence of MS. Considering either disability or the course of the disease, the prevalence of MS patients in Austria was estimated to be 98.5 per 100,000 people. The prevalence of MS in Austria was found to be similar to that of other countries in Central Europe. Epidemiological studies, such as this, provide a unique source of data from which key features of a disease and its impact on patients may be examined.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Genome research in Austria--a program of the future.

Genome research is a central area both for progress in scientific findings in life sciences and for the innovative capacity in medical science, and the pharmaceutical and biotech industries. The research findings obtained by interdisciplinary cooperation are of paramount epistemological importance. They will establish a new understanding of biology. In this context, there will be revolutionary opportunities for new medical therapies, for instance, or for keeping plants and animals healthy. Austria will participate in this science and innovation field and will use the resulting opportunities for scientific and economic development as well as for overall social prosperity. For this purpose, [corrected] Austria has developed the 'Austrian Genome Research Programme', a 'programme of the future' for Austria. This program will be based on the good foundations that genome research has already established in Austria.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

[Hepatitis B and C: incidence and regional distribution of hospitalizations in Austria].

UNLABELLED: The aim of this study was to describe the incidence as well as the geographical distribution of hospitalizations due to hepatitis B or C (according to ICD 9) in Austria between 1996 and 1998. The data were taken from the MBDS (Minimum Basic Data Set) which contains medical, demographical and administrative recordings of every in-patient treated in an Austrian hospital. Hepatitis B: The mean value of SHR (standardized hospitalization rate) amounted to 3.2/100.000 for the entire area of Austria. Among all Austrian provinces, Vorarlberg yielded the highest regional value (6.4/100.000), Burgenland the lowest one (1.9/100.000). Considerably high regional values of SHR were found in most districts of Vorarlberg, as well as in Vienna and the eastern districts of Lower Austria. Hepatitis C: The mean value of SHR amounted to 8.4/100.000 for the entire area of Austria. Regional SHR values in Austrian provinces ranged widely from 2.9/100.000 (Burgenland) to 15.1/100.000 (Salzburg), some provinces (Salzburg, Carinthia) showed a marked increase of hospitalizations within the observation period. The highest regional values of SHR were found in and around the districts of Salzburg, Villach, and Klagenfurt. CONCLUSIONS: The differences observed in SHR values of Austrian districts cannot be accounted for by local differences of Hepatitis prevalence alone. They are supposedly also due to local differences of the health care system, as well as the clinical, diagnostical or documentational practices in hospitals in different regions. In order to evaluate MBDS-Data quality, a post-hoc comparison with external data stemming from three Austrian multicenter studies was performed. A remarkable correspondence in geographical distribution of hepatitis C patients was found between the two data sets. This is considered an argument in favour of the validity of MBDS-Data.

Austria↗
PubMed2002

Economic burden of illness imposed by severe sepsis in Austria.

INTRODUCTION: Sepsis is a life-threatening disease, requiring instant treatment in an intensive care unit (ICU). The aim of this study was to determine the direct and indirect costs occurring in Austria due to this disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Direct costs were calculated based on a retrospective chart analysis in four adult Austrian ICUs, evaluating 74 patient records from the years 2000/2001. Patients were identified to have suffered from severe sepsis using ACCP-definitions. Assessed resource use (medication, laboratory analysis, microbiology analysis, consumer-goods, diagnostic procedures, staff costs, and basic bed costs) was linked with related center specific costs to determine direct costs per patient. Indirect costs due to productivity losses were calculated using official statistical material. RESULTS: The mean length of ICU stay (LOS ICU) of a severely septic patient was 18.1 days. Overall ICU mortality was found to be 43.2% and showed no gender difference. The mean daily direct ICU costs of care for severely septic patients were [symbol: see text] 1,617 and the mean total direct ICU costs per septic patient were [symbol: see text] 28,582. In total costs, survivors were equally expensive as non-survivors ([symbol: see text] 28,699 vs. 28,463) although their length of study was considerably longer (21.9 vs. 13.2 days). Considering a range of patients with severe sepsis in Austria from 6,700 to 9,500 per year, total direct costs in Austria range from [symbol: see text] 192 million to [symbol: see text] 272 million. Indirect costs determined by productivity losses due to unfitness for work (temporary and permanent) and premature death amount to [symbol: see text] 484 million to [symbol: see text] 686 million in Austria per year (same incidence range). Total costs, i.e. burden of illness, combining direct costs with indirect costs, range from [symbol: see text] 676 million to [symbol: see text] 958 million. CONCLUSION: Patients with severe sepsis have a high mortality rate, spend prolonged periods of time in the ICU, and are expensive to treat. Indirect costs of severe sepsis due to productivity losses, particularly by premature death, are considerable.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Record linkage in the Cancer Registry of Tyrol, Austria.

OBJECTIVE: Record linkage of patient data originating from various data sources and record linkage for checking uniqueness of patient registration are common tasks for every cancer registry. In Austria, there is no unique person identifier in use in the medical system. Hence, it was necessary and the goal of this work to develop an efficient means of record linkage for use in cancer registries in Austria. METHODS: We adapted the method of probabilistic record linkage to the situation of cancer registries in Austria. In addition to the customary components of this method, we also took into consideration typing errors commonly occurring in names and dates of birth. The method was implemented in a program written in DELPHI(TM) with interfaces optimised for cancer registries. RESULTS: Applying our record linkage method to 130,509 linkages results in 105,272 (80.7%) identical pairs. For these identical pairs, 88.9% of decisions were performed automatically and 11.1% semi-automatically. For results decided automatically, 6.9% did not have simultaneous identity of last name, first name and date of birth. For results decided semi-automatically, 48.4% did not have an identical last name, 25.6% did not have an identical date of birth and 83.1% did not have simultaneous identity of last name and date of birth and first name. CONCLUSIONS: The method implemented in our cancer registry solves all record linkage problems in Austria with sufficient precision.

Austria↗
PubMed2006

PACS development in Austria: a discussion of success criteria and success factors.

OBJECTIVES: The paper uses the example of PACS (Picture Archiving and Communication System) in Austria (where some of the earliest large PACS projects were realised and led to a high penetration with state-wide networked PACS installations) to discuss success criteria and success factors of medical information systems. METHODS: The paper describes the development of digital imaging in medicine and classifies the impact of systems according to their first or second order effects on patient care. The historic goals of PACS and the technical infrastructure in the eighties are shortly described. The paper then outlines the early PACS projects in Austria and their different approaches as well as the present state of PACS in Austria. RESULTS: After giving a definition of success, success criteria (which allow to decide whether a system is in fact a success or not) are discussed in general--the final criterion being routine use--and in detail and it is concluded that PACS in Austria was and is indeed successful. CONCLUSION: The analysis of success factors shows a multitude of influences but the most decisive ones are the practical ability of the system to deliver a real service to health care and the ability to support the (key) users in their work and goals.

Austria↗
PubMed1991

[Trends in perinatal, neonatal and post-neonatal mortality in Austria and Tyrol, with special reference to 1979-1988].

Analysis of neonatal, perinatal and infant mortality rates is a useful basis to compare the quality of neonatal care in a country. During the last decades these parameters have been falling steadily in Austria as well as in other industrialized countries. Regarding the various provinces of Austria substantial regional differences occur. Apparently the decline in mortality rates is not only contributable to medical progress but as strongly influenced by social and economic changes. In the mid-seventies absolute and relative neonatal mortality rates in Austria definitely decreased, most probably attributable to the installation of neonatal intensive care units. During 1968-1978 the decrease in neonatal mortality was mainly due to reduced first-day-mortality, whereas during the following decade it was mainly due to reduced mortality of the 2nd until 7th day of life. Interestingly, the rate of preterm infants in Austria remained virtually constant during 1968-1988 despite improved pre- and perinatal care. Paralleling the development in full-term neonates the peri-/neo- and postneonatal mortality rates of preterm infants decreased. Predictably - as in other countries - the highest improvement was found in the low birth weight groups Nevertheless, premature births have accounted for the majority of neonatal and perinatal deaths.

Austria↗
PubMed1995

[Ambulatory rehabilitation after myocardial infarct in Austria].

Cardiac rehabilitation after myocardial infarction has a positive effect on the patient's quality of life and on the prognosis of the disease as well. The cost-saving effect is of importance from the socioeconomical viewpoint. A measurable benefit of such rehabilitation programs can only be achieved by long-term comprehensive care, however. Therefore a hospital rehabilitation program should be followed by regular participation in a long-term community rehabilitation program. The network of cardiac rehabilitation centres in Austria is highly developed and consequently it is possible for every insured patient to be placed for inpatient follow-up therapy on recovering from myocardial infarction. On the other hand, the long-term community cardiac rehabilitation programs are organized only on a sketchy and small scale. A survey amongst patients after myocardial infarction carried out all over Austria showed that 700 patients are currently being treated in 56 community programs. The sponsorship varies a lot. A majority of these groups is organized and financed by the patients themselves. The medical and physiotherapeutic services are mainly organized by the patients as well. They are only partly trained for their task. The care programs take place on a regular basis and the provided services appear adequate, some groups excepted. Medical follow-up examinations to evaluate progress hardly exist. Therefore, quality control of the work in the community programs is not possible at the moment in Austria. A well-organized community care rehabilitation program covering the whole region exists only in Vorarlberg. This program mainly follows the "Feldkircher Modell". The results of this study indicate the urgent necessity to establish additional community care programs for outpatient cardiac rehabilitation in Austria. Furthermore, a common register of the groups, a common organisational model and sponsorship, as well as quality control based on regular medical examination of the patients are essential requirements. A constant exchange of experience with the inpatient rehabilitation centres is to be recommended as well.

Ambulatory Care↗
PubMed1996

The effect of maternal age and birth weight on the temporal trend in stillbirth rate in Austria during 1984-1993.

We assessed the risk of stillbirth in Austria during 1984-1993 in dependence of the variables maternal age, birth weight, year of birth and sex. All children born in Austria between 1984 and 1993 were included in the study (905,939 births). The risk of stillbirth was estimated by means of a logistic regression model. During the study period, stillbirths decreased significantly in Austria. Both birth weight and maternal age had a non-linear association with the risk of stillbirth. The lowest stillbirth rate was in the birth weight category of 3300-3899 grams (g). Of all stillbirths 62% occurred in infants weighing < or = 2500 g at birth. We also found a significant interaction between birth weight and year of birth suggesting that the effect of birth weight was not stable over the years. The proportion of young mothers (< 20 years) decreased clearly over the observation period. The proportion of low birth weight (< = or 2500 g) infants remained around 7.5% during the 10-year period, but the stillbirth rate decreased linearly over time in this group. In infants weighing > 2500 g at birth the stillbirth risk decreased during first five years but started to increase thereafter. Since over 60% of stillbirths in Austria occur in the low birth weight category, it is obvious that more effective strategies are needed for prevention of low birth weight births and fetal immaturity. In addition, further efforts are needed to prevent also high birth weight of newborns particularly in diabetic mothers.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

[Quality assurance in invasive and interventional cardiology in Austria in 1994. Commissioned by the Interventional Cardiology Working Group of the Austrian Cardiology Society].

A complete National Database is the prerequisite for quality control, quality management and improvement. In Austria, we have been reaching for this goal since more than three years. 21 094 diagnostic coronary angiographies (CA) and 4934 PTCAs were performed in all 27 centers (out of which 17 perform PTCA) in Austria during the year 1994. This is a reduction of 3.2% concerning CA and an 8.6% increase in PTCA compared to 1993. 48% of all PTCAs were done during the diagnostic study (CA), multivessel PTCA in 11%, direct PTCA for ongoing infarction in 2.3%. Concerning "new devices", 437 stents (182 during the year 1993) were implanted in 1994; also all 73 cases with rotablator, 105 with intracoronary ultrasound, and 26 directional coronary atherectomies (DCA) are documented. Hospital mortality after PTCA was 0.5% (unchanged from the years 1992 and 1993), emergency bypass surgery rate after PTCA was 1.2% (0.7% during the year 1993), and 1.4% of the patients suffered a myocardial infarction in the cathlab (1.2% during 1993). International comparison shows Austria among the top nations with 2637 CA and 617 PTCA per million inhabitants, corresponding to a ratio of 23% PTCA per 100 CA. Risk adjustment (exercise stress test pre PTCA documented in six cath-labs in 1993, compared to 11 in 1994. Type of stenosis (A, B, C) in five labs in 1993 and in 12 labs in 1994) and outcome control (exercise stress test 3 months after PTCA documented in five cath-labs in 1993, compared to 10 in 1994) are subject to constant improvement of our yearly monitor visits and feedback reaction. Austria is the only nation worldwide to support a complete national database with controlled numbers and parameters since more than 3 years, including yearly monitor visits (Internet address for the 1995 data: http@info.uibk.ac.at/gin/org/i_iik.stu/i_iik+ ++.htm) and feedback reports. We experienced no single negative reaction to our activities, but find them necessary for further quality management targets.

Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary↗
PubMed1997

Different trends in cardiovascular mortality and food consumption in Austria and in former Czechoslovakia.

The life expectancy of the male and female population immediately after World War II was similar in the former Czechoslovakia and in Austria. However, the situation has changed radically over the past 30 years. In 1991 the life expectancy in Czechoslovakia was 4.9 years less for males and 3.6 years less for females than in Austria due to the two-fold higher premature mortality from cardiovascular diseases and some further causes. The reasons for the 200% difference in cardiovascular mortality between Austria and Czechoslovakia are unknown. The prevalence of traditional risk factors (i.e. smoking, hypertension and hypercholesterolemia) was only moderately different in both countries. On the other hand, very different trends in food consumption were observed: in Austria the consumption of milk and milk products, vegetable oils, fruits, some kinds of vegetables and nuts was significantly higher, whereas the consumption of butter, sugar, eggs, cereals and concentrated spirits was lower. The consumption of pork, beef, poultry and fish was very similar in the two countries. The intake of antioxidant vitamins and probably also of folic acid, which affects the level of homocysteine, was lower in Czechoslovakia. The psychosocial load in totalitarian Czechoslovakia was undoubtedly higher. Epidemiological research of Central European populations living on both sides of the former Iron Curtain might bring new information on the role of less known non-traditional risk factors (i.e., psychosocial stress, nutritional factors such as chronic deficiency of antioxidant vitamins and a low intake of folic acid) in the etiology of cardiovascular diseases.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Incidence of Type I diabetes mellitus in children and young adults in the province of Upper Austria, 1994-1996.

AIM/HYPOTHESIS: The aim of our study was to determine the incidence rate of Type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus in the 15-30 years age group in a well-defined province in Austria and to compare this with the incidence rate of childhood-onset diabetes mellitus in the age group 0-15 over a 3-year period. METHODS: Incident cases of Type I diabetes were reported by the local departments of medicine and paediatrics prospectively to the Austrian Diabetes incidence registry. Completeness of ascertainment was calculated by the capture-recapture method. RESULTS: The incidence rates per 100,000 person-years for Type I diabetes in the Austrian province of Upper Austria were 8.99 (7.02-11.4, 95%-CI) for the 0-15 years age group and 7.1 (5.5-9.0, 95%-CI) for the 15-30 years age group. The estimated completeness of ascertainment was 93 % (89.0-97.1%, 95%-CI) for children and 87% (84.1-89.9%, 95%-CI) for young adults. Sex differences were evident in young adults, with a 1.6-fold increased risk in males older than 15 years and 2.2-fold increased risk in men over 20 years of age. CONCLUSION/INTERPRETATION: Our study shows that the incidence rate of Type I diabetes in Austria after the age of 15 years is similar to the incidence rate in childhood. An unexplained male predominance in patients older than 20 years could be observed as in sevc ral other countries.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Bulimia nervosa in Austria and the United States: a controlled cross-cultural study.

OBJECTIVE: We sought to compare the features of bulimic subjects in two countries (Austria and the United States). METHOD: To assess how bulimia nervosa presents in different cultural settings, we interviewed 33 women recruited from the University of Innsbruck, Austria, who met DSM-III-R criteria for bulimia nervosa and 33 bulimic women recruited from two universities in Massachusetts. Preliminary results on these bulimic groups have previously been reported. The present study adds a control group of 33 Austrian women and 33 Boston women who were recruited and interviewed by identical methods. RESULTS: Bulimic women in both countries proved significantly distinguishable from controls on eating behavior, attitudes toward body shape and weight, lifetime prevalence of major mood disorder, and a few variables regarding childhood experiences. In addition, we found several marked differences between Austria and the United States which appeared independent of the diagnosis of bulimia nervosa. The most prominent of these were satisfaction with body image and levels of substance abuse. CONCLUSIONS: Bulimia nervosa appears to exhibit stereotypic "core" features which are independent of culture, but it has other features which may influenced by underlying cultural differences.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Representations of eyeglasses on Gothic winged altars in Austria.

The oldest representation of eyeglasses in the German-speaking area is found on the altar of Tyrol Castle in the Museum Ferdinandeum in Innsbruck, Tyrol, on an altarpiece depicting the death of the Virgin Mary (1370-1372). Other representations of eyeglasses are found in Klosterneuburg, Lower Austria, Albrechtsaltar, collegiate collection, death of the Virgin (1439); St. Lorenzen ob Murau, daughter church St. Lorenzen, Styria, Katharinenaltar, Disputation (1455-1460); Pettau (Ptuj), Pokrajinjski Muzej, Slovenia (then belonging to the archbishopric of Salzburg), Conrad Laib, St. Bernardine of Siena with a spectacle case (1460-1465); on two altars by Michael Pacher: Pharisee, Gries near Bolzano (1471-1475), apostle mourning over the death of the Virgin Mary, and St. Luke, St. Wolfgang in Salzkammergut (1481); St. Florian, Upper Austria, collegiate collection, altar of the provost Leonhard Riesenschmid of St. Florian, death of the Virgin (1487); museum of Wilten monastery, Innsbruck, Ludwig Konraiter, St. Ottilie with reading stones and death of the Virgin Mary with reading apostle (1485-1490); Austrian Gallery Belvedere, Vienna, Master of Grossgmain, St. Augustine (1498); Austrian Gallery Belvedere, Vienna, Master of Mondsee, St. Augustine (1490-1500); Diocesan museum Graz, Styria, altar of Hirschegg, death of the Virgin (1503); Krenstetten, Lower Austria, Stefan-Altar, Disputation (1500-1520); Museum Ferdinandeum, Innsbruck, Matheis Stöberl, Jesus and the scribes with a spectacle case (early 16th century).

Architecture↗
PubMed2003

[Sudden infant death--prevention programs in Austria].

In the current study, design and success of intervention programmes to prevent sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) in Austria are described and major future challenges indicated. Various prevention programmes are being carried out in the federal states of Austria and they focus on the detailed information of parents about modifiable SIDS risk factors. Relevant topics such as guidelines for home monitoring are carefully addressed in the Austrian consensus statements. With the introduction of the first campaigns SIDS incidence rates have gradually dropped from 1.69 (1988) to 0.51 per 1000 life births (2000). In line, there was a decline in the prevalence of risk behaviour, especially of the prone sleeping position (federal state of the Tyrol: 53.7% before the campaign (1984-1994) vs. 4.7% thereafter (1995-2001), p < 0.001). Because of this latter trend smoking during pregnancy became the most prevalent SIDS risk factor and the prevalence of the side sleeping position substantially increased. To maintain the current success in lowering SIDS frequency, prevention programmes ought to continue and changes in the weight of risk factors should be considered. Further efforts are required to achieve a thorough post-mortem examination in virtually all sudden unexpected deaths, to establish a country-wide SIDS data base and to continuously update SIDS risk profiles in Austria.

Austria↗
PubMed2004

[Total hip arthroplasty in Austria. Results of a nationwide survey based on a questionnaire].

Besides the number of annual total hip arthroplasty (THA) surgeries (11,978 primary THA, 148 implantations per 10(5) inhabitants), little is known about the state of total hip replacement in Austria. We collected information about different aspects of THA treatment regimens. A questionnaire was developed and sent to all chairmen of orthopedic and traumatology departments posing 22 questions regarding type of THA, surgical technique, number of surgeries, data collection, physical therapy and mobilization, length of hospital stay, and recommendations on sport activities as well as activities of daily life. In Austria cementless THA predominates (according to the questionnaire survey 85%). Postoperative mobilization with cementless implants is prescribed as full weight bearing in 52%, partial weight bearing in 42%, and no weight bearing in 6%. The length of hospital stay with cementless insertion is 14.2 days and with cemented implantation 14.9 days; the use of crutches is recommended for 6.0 and 5.4 weeks, respectively. Hip scores for documentation are used before surgery in 65% of orthopedic departments and 13% of traumatology departments and in the postoperative follow-up in 62% and 13%, respectively. In-patient rehabilitation is prescribed by 74% of orthopedic and 26% of traumatology departments. Austria ranks among the top nations in Europe regarding the number of total hip arthroplasty implantations. Documentation is insufficient and needs to be improved. In some aspects of managing patients with total hip arthroplasties there are remarkable differences between orthopedic and traumatology departments.

Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip↗
PubMed2002

Three decades of pleural cancer and mesothelioma registration in Austria where asbestos cement was invented.

Recently, a new mesothelioma epidemic was predicted from observations made in Western Europe. From early observations in Austria the lower increase in cases of mesothelioma compared with neighbor countries had been related to different uses of asbestos. In order to test this hypothesis, incidence and mortality of pleural cancer [International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-8/9 163] were analyzed for three decades and supplemented by data from a cohort study in the factory that had been the largest consumer of asbestos imported to Austria and from all Austrian occupational diseases registered between 1990 and 2001. In men, mortality rates (based on 15 to 45 deaths/year) were lowest in 1980-1989, but similar in 1970-1979 and 1990-2001. No increase in younger-birth cohorts was detected. Incidence rates (based on 13 to 44 cases/year) increased (36%) non-significantly ( P=0.14). In women, a significant decrease in mortality and incidence rates ( P<0.01) was observed from 1970. Rates from work-related mesothelioma (based on only 0-7 men and 0-4 women/year) must be interpreted with caution. In the cohort of 2,816 asbestos cement workers 26 pleural mesotheliomas were registered from 1990 through mid-1999. Six of these cases (three male and three female) had not been registered as an occupational disease, but all of these cases had been encoded under ICD 163 in mortality statistics. One female cohort member registered as having asbestosis according to the death certificate had died from mesothelioma according to the statistics of occupational diseases. We conclude that no epidemic of mesothelioma due to past asbestos exposure is to be expected in Austria.

Asbestos↗