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PubMed1981

[Absorption of the antibody formation to anticartilage-antiparathyroid antibodies administered into the rectum (author's transl)].

The absorption of and specific antibody formation to Artroglobina (:AG, beta and gamma-globulin fractions of anticartilage-antiparathyroid immune serum from the horse) administered into the rectum were studied in rats and guinea-pigs, an immunological tests in the "Phase I Study" were carried out using serum from volunteers. 1) When the radio-labelled AG (125I-AG) was administered into the rat rectum, the plasma level of 125I reached the maximum (3.1% of the total dosage) at 2 hour later and 0.3 per cent of the total dosage retained the reactivity with the anti-Fab antibody. 2) Gel diffusion and PCA tests gave positive reactions in the sera after the second administration of AG in a dose of 20 mg/kg, corresponding to 40 times the clinical dose, with a certain interval after the first treatment. From the results, it was confirmed that rectally-administered AG induces mainly IgG or IgE antibody formation, in the rat. 3) The administration of AG through the rectum did not induce the systemic anaphylaxic reaction in the guinea-pigs which had been administered AG into the rectum. The intravenous challenge, however, resulted in a positive anaphylaxic reaction in animals treated with AG rectally. This indicates the sensitization of the animal with AG by the rectal administration. 4) The specific antibody responses, immune complexes and complement values did not change in the sera of volunteers given AG which consisted of alternating cycles of twelve days of treatment with one suppository daily, and twelve days without treatment, in a clinical dose of 25 mg. Nevertheless, AG must be carefully prescribed as higher doses given to experimental animals induced adverse immunological effects.

Anaphylaxis↗
PubMed1963

Antibody formation initiated in vitro. II. Antibody synthesis in x-irradiated recipients of diffusion chambers containing nucleic acid derived from macrophages incubated with antigen.

The diffusion chamber technique permitted the demonstration of specific antibody formation in x-irradiated recipients of such chambers filled with normal lymph node cells and a cell-free homogenate of macrophages which had been incubated in intro with T2 bacteriophage. The activity of the cell-free homogenate was retained in its RNA fraction isolated by means of the phenol method. No antibody formation occurred if such RNA was treated with RNAase. On sucrose gradients (5 to 20 per cent), the active RNA was found to be present in the top third layer. The question of the possible presence of antigen complexed to the RNA is discussed.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1964

THE FORMATION AND PROPERTIES OF POLIOVIRUS-NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODY. II. 19S AND 7S ANTIBODY FORMATION: DIFFERENCES IN ANTIGEN DOSE REQUIREMENT FOR SUSTAINED SYNTHESIS, ANAMNESIS, AND SENSITIVITY TO X-IRRADIATION.

Transient 19S antibody formation was induced in rabbits by single or repeated stimuli with a small dose of poliovirus. Available evidence indicated that cessation of 19S synthesis was due to lack of continuous antigenic stimulation and not to loss of cells participating in antibody formation. "Immunological memory" in 19S antibody formation was demonstrable only within 2 to 3 days following discontinuation of synthesis but not thereafter. Following stimulation with a high dose of polio-virus both 19S and 7S antibodies were formed. The kinetics of their formation differed in several respects: (a) 19S antibody preceded 7S antibody by 1(1/2) days; (b) 19S antibody rose to peak titers at a rapid exponential rate within 1 week, while 7S antibody increased at a slow decelerating rate for 3 weeks; (c) 19S antibody formation was short-lasting while 7S antibody synthesis endured. A renewed formation of both antibodies occurred following restimulation with a high antigen dose. The secondary 19S and 7S antibody responses were similar to the respective primary responses, and the preexistence of 7S antibody synthesis did not detectably alter the secondary 19S response. Both 19S and 7S antibodies were formed and the kinetics of their formation was similar (a) for infectious and non-infectious (UV-) poliovirus antigen; (b) for the serologically unrelated poliovirus and Coxsackie B-4 virus; (c) when poliovirus was administered by different routes; (d) when 1-day-old or adult rabbits were immunized; (e) in antibody responses to poliovirus in rabbit, guinea pig, and man. Whole body x-irradiation 20 hours prior to antigenic stimulus (high dose) resulted in delayed but markedly prolonged 19S antibody formation and inhibition of 7S antibody synthesis. Thus, the formation of 19S and 7S antibody differed in (a) antigen dose requirements for induction and maintained synthesis; (b) kinetics; (c) retention of memory; and (d) sensitivity to prior x-irradiation. These differences are best explained on the assumption that the two antibodies are produced by different cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

A new enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to measure anti-endothelial antibodies after cardiac transplantation demonstrates greater inhibition of antibody formation by tacrolimus compared with cyclosporine.

BACKGROUND: Chronic rejection or transplant-associated coronary artery disease (TxCAD) is the most serious complication after human cardiac transplantation. Previous studies, using Western blotting, have shown formation of antibodies against endothelial antigens of 56 and 58 kDa, which are associated with early TxCAD. These antigens were later identified as being vimentin and its breakdown products. The aims of the present study were to devise a robust assay for detection of anti-vimentin antibodies and to compare antibody formation in patients taking different immunosuppressive drugs. METHODS: 106 sequential serum samples from 19 patients taking tacrolimus and 68 sera from 12 patients taking cyclosporine were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for anti-vimentin antibodies and Western blotting for reactivity against bands at 56/58 kDa. Serum samples were taken before transplantation and at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. RESULTS: The vimentin ELISA produced significantly higher numbers of positive episodes per patient (3.92+/-1.08) compared with use of Western blotting (2.54+/-0.52). Serum from patients taking tacrolimus contained significantly less antibodies measured by ELISA (15.8%) or Western blotting (6.5%) than sera from patients taking cyclosporine (46.8% for ELISA; P=0.001 and 21% by Western blotting, P=0.01). Intravascular ultrasound performed on six patients at 12 months showed a correlation between anti-vimentin antibody formation and detection of early coronary disease. CONCLUSIONS: The results demonstrate first, that differences in antibody profiles produced by different immunosuppressive drugs, and second, that detection of anti-vimentin antibodies may be a noninvasive method of detecting disease activity in transplanted vessels.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1980

Development of antibody formation in germ-free and conventionally reared rabbits: the role of intestinal lymphoid tissue in antibody formation to E. coli antigens.

The occurrence of cells which produce 'natural" bactericidal and haemolytic antibodies (the so-called background plaques) was studied by the plaque method in lymphatic tissues of germ-free and conventionally reared rabbits of various ages. In conventional rabbits the cells which produce "natural" bactericidal antibodies against E. coli 086 appear early after birth in organized intestinal lymphatic tissue, their number increases during development, then they appear in mesenteric lymph nodes and spleen and their number decreases due to aging. Natural haemolytic antibodies are produced throughout the life predominantly in the spleen of conventional rabbits. In germ-free rabbits the appearance of "natural" bactericidal or haemolytic antibodies was not demonstrated during the tested period of 16 weeks of life. Also when comparing the immunological capacity after parenteral immunization or after stimulation of cells from various organs cultivated in diffusion chambers, the response in germ-free rabbits was very low or lacking. The differences between the reactivity of germ-free and conventional rabbits were especially marked when studying the specific and non-specific (polyclonal) response after administration of E. coli suspension. The nature and possible causes underlying the differences in immunological reactivity in various species of germ-free animals are discussed.

Animals↗