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PubMedDate not supplied

Population growth in Algeria, 1966-1977, with some comparisons from Tunisia.

"The first results of the delayed 1977 census of Algeria permit an up-dated analysis of national and regional trends in its population geography. After considering several basic parameters of Algeria's population as revealed by the census, this article focusses firstly on the high population growth rate and reviews the limited approach to family planning taken by the government. Comparisons with Tunisia, with its more active population policy, suggest a divergence between the demographies of the two countries. Regional population growth is then examined."

Africa↗
PubMed1990

[The population explosion in Algeria: the causes, the effects, and the solutions].

"For decades Algeria has had one of the highest population growth rates in the world, arising directly from a steady gap between deathrates and birthrates. The reasons are of a complex social, economic and cultural kind, such as high infant mortality, traditionally early marriage, family models largely determined by religion, the common practice of child labour and other factors. As a consequence of the mismatch between economic and demographic growth the society is confronted by growing mass unemployment, underemployment, food supply problems, housing shortages and ecological crises. The critical economic situation in the eighties reduced the prospects for constraining the population explosion by quickly conquering socioeconomic underdevelopment. Nowadays Algeria is deliberately following a programme for family planning, which is also supported to a certain extent by the Islamic clergy." (SUMMARY IN ENG)

Africa↗
PubMed2002

[Fifteen years' experience in scorpion envenomation control in Algeria].

In Algeria, scorpion envenomation is real public health problem. Since the creation of the National Committee of Control of Scorpion envenomations (CNLES), several steps have been taken to deal with this problem. After a brief historical introduction, we present the main elements of the action carried out both in terms of treatment and of prevention of scorpion proliferation. The epidemiological situation is presented by stressing the difficulties involved in collecting reliable data. We also address the question of citizen and stakeholder awareness since public participation is crucial in all prevention programmes. Training for healthcare providers is also one of the principal axes of the Committee's programme which includes national, regional, and even local seminars. We describe the improvement of production and research on venoms carried out by the Institute Pasteur of Algeria. We conclude by discussing the action plan for 2001 and prospects for an enhanced strategy in the fight against the scorpion envenomation.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The occurrence of animal sarcocystiosis in Algeria].

Investigations to occurrence of Sarcocystiosis of domestic animals in Algeria were carried out by different methods--Immunofluorescence (IFAT), macroscopic and microscopic examinations of muscle, coproscopia. Positive results could be found in intermediate hosts--362 of 537 cattle, 188 of 292 sheep, 13 of 57 horses and in the final hosts dogs and cats. Muscle-probes from cattle contained S. cruzi (58.7 respectively 61.0%), S. hirsuta (48.9 respectively 35.0%), from sheep S. tenella (61.0 respectively 59.6%, S. arieticanis (38.8 respectively 40.3%), from horses S. bertrami (24.5%). IFAT-data of extensy: 64.5% in cattle, 60.5% in sheep. First time in Algeria could be found S. hominis (2.3 respectively 3.9%).

Algeria↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Physicochemical quality of drinking water in Southern Algeria: study of excess mineral salts].

The aim of this study was to determine the physicochemical composition of water intended for human consumption in several regions of Southern Algeria. Excess minerals in drinking water, including magnesium, calcium, sulfates and fluorides play a fundamental role in the prevention of urinary calculi, which are formed mainly from calcium oxalate. The ever-increasingly prevalence of this disorder and its recurrence make it a real public health problem in Algeria. The most elementary preventive treatment, recommended to all subjects with lithiasis, is to drink 2 to 3 L water distributed throughout the (24-hour) day. This study began by conducting a physicochemical analysis of the principal components of water from several sources. We will subsequently test it to examine the effects of its mineral salts on the crystallization kinetics of the principal component of calculi (calcium oxalate). The results indicate that 77.5 % of the samples had magnesium concentrations ([Mg 2+] > 50 mg/L), 95 % were sulfated, with sulfate ion concentrations exceeding the standard recommended by WHO ([SO4 2-] > 250 mg/L). Moreover, 57.5 % had excess fluoride levels, [F-] > 1.5 mg/L, and 65 % excessive calcium concentrations, with Ca 2+ > 150 mg/L.

Algeria↗
PubMed1989

[An unusual genital ulcer in Algeria: soft chancre].

Four cases of soft chancre have been observed in the service of Dermato-Venereology, CHU Tlemcen. Three were contracted in Morroco and one in Algeria. This affection which no long existed in Algeria, has reappeared through tourism.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[The first finding of Paramphistomum daubneyi (Dinnik, 1962) in beef cattle in Algeria].

The first finding of the causative agent of paramphistomatosis of cattle in the coastal region of Algeria is described. As found on the basis of histological diagnosis, this causative agent is the species Paramphistomum daubneyi (Dinnik, 1962). Lymnaea truncatula was found to be present as a potential intermediate host at the localities where the cattle harbouring these trematodes were kept. It is suggested by the high intensity of invasion by the trematodes (up to 2204 specimens in one host) that the animals suffered from severe helminthosis in some cases. The finding of the causative agent of bovine paramphistomatosis in Algeria draws attention to the need of further investigation of trematodosis in the cattle kept in that country.

Algeria↗
PubMed1985

[Cutaneous leishmaniasis in northern Algeria].

A resurgence of cutaneous leishmaniasis is presently noted in northern Algeria. This form of oriental sore is caused by a parasite belonging to the Leishmania donovani complex. Its epidemiological and clinical characteristics allow distinction with the L. major zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis known to occur in the steppe regions of Algeria. Preliminary results of a clinical trial involving the use of ketoconazole, indicate that this drug is rapidly effective.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[Seroepidemiological survey of El Tor cholera in an endemic region of Algeria].

Between the 26th of April and the 8th of july 1987 a seroepidemiological survey was conducted in the district of Chlef located in an endemic cholera area of Algeria. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the seroprevalence of vibriocidal antibodies and to study some epidemiological characteristics of cholera. This survey concerns the representative samples of patients and asymptomatic carriers such as they were declared during the epidemic periods of 1982 and 1986 and a sample of contacts of these latter. A bacteriology of stools practised on all the subjects did not reveal a carrying of vibrios. The seroprevalence was 37.6% and it concerned all ages. It was linked meaningfully to the age category and not to the sex. This seroprevalence was not significantly different between the cases, the carriers and the contacts. Thus this study reveals that Algeria has a seroprevalence rate less important than others countries.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

[Chancroid in Algeria: the status of this sexually transmitted disease in 1995].

Absent for several decades, the chancroid reappeared in Algeria in 1988. In the unique department of Dermatology and Venereology of the University Hospital of the country of Tlemcen (more than 700,000 inhabitants), we wanted to know the state of this STD seven years after the report of the first cases. The file of the consulting patients were examined. We looked for the principal characteristics of this STD: age, sex, incubation period, place infection contact, type of relation, clinical presentation, evolution without and with treatment, other associated STD (syphilis, HIV). From August 1988 (1st case) to December 1995, 144 cases of chancroid were collected = 1988: 6, 1989: 5, 1990: 7, 1991: 18, 1992: 11, 1993: 33, 1994: 48, 1995: 16. The presentation is quite stereotyped; it concerns males only, singles in must cases, having had sexual relations with prostitutes. The incubation period is short (less than 10 days), the characteristic ulceration presents, very often, some adenopathies. The treatment by cotrimoxazole is efficient. They are no concomitant syphilis or HIV infection. The chancroid is the first cause of genital ulceration in the world. Since 1991, it is the principal STD in our department. It spreads within a male population, young singles associated with prostitutes. It is well installed in Algeria, and its role, although minor, in the transmission of the HIV infection, should not be neglected.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparative efficacy of different insecticides in the treatment of cattle hypodermosis in north-eastern Algeria.

The efficacy of different drugs (microdose of ivermectin, doramectin and moxidectin at the recommended doses and topically applied rotenone) against the first, second and third instar larvae of Hypoderma bovis and H. lineatum was studied in cattle in the El Tarf area (northeastern Algeria). Before performing the efficacy trials, the life cycle of the warble fly was studied at the slaughterhouse between July 1993 and June 1994. This survey revealed that both species of warble fly were present in this area: L1 larvae of H. lineatum were found around the oesophagus between August and January, whereas L1 larvae of H. bovis were observed around the spine from November until March. Warbles were present under the skin from the end of October until May. The nymphal phase took place between February and May. As a result of this study the authors recommend applying chemoprophylaxis (treatment against L1) in September. This work also confirmed the excellent efficacy of avermectins and milbemycins against the three instar larvae of Hypoderma sp. under the field conditions prevailing in Algeria. Rotenone has a lower efficacy (95%) which is limited to the second and third instar larvae. However, this drug appears useful in dairy cattle.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1998

[Localized cutaneous leishmaniasis due to Leishmania infantum MON-1 contracted in northern Algeria].

Classically, the agent of the sporadic skin leishmaniasis in Northern Algeria is Leishmania infantum MON-24. This paper reports the first documented observation of localized cutaneous leishmaniasis due to Leishmania infantum zymodeme MON-1 in Northern Algeria. The interest of using the Western blot serological analysis to guide the diagnosis and the usefulness of the hamster inoculation to isolate Leishmania from pauciparasitized lesion is demonstrated.

Algeria↗
PubMed2001

[Infantile visceral leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania infantum zymodeme MON-24 in Algeria].

In Algeria, visceral leishmaniasis is caused principally by Leishmania infantum MON-1, a common agent of the disease on the edges of the mediterranean basin. Other zymodemes (MON-34 and MON-80) of the same complex have also been isolated from immunologically competent patients. In the present study, the authors report the presence of Leishmania infantum MON-24, the main agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis in northern Algeria, in five children with visceral leishmaniasis.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Characterization of hepatitis E virus (HEV) from Algeria and Chad by partial genome sequence.

The purpose of this study was to analyze partial nucleotide sequences and derived peptide sequences of hepatitis E virus (HEV) from two outbreaks of hepatitis E in Africa (Chad 1983-1984; Algeria 1978-1980). A portion of ORF3 and the major portion of ORF2 were amplified by Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). The PCR products were sequenced directly or after cloning into the pCRII vector. Sequences were then compared to the corresponding regions of reported full length HEV sequences. In the ORF2 and ORF3 regions, the homology between the Algerian and the Chad isolates at the nucleic acid level was 92 and 95%, respectively. At the peptide level the homology was 98% in both regions. In these regions, both strains are more related to Asian strains at the nucleic acid level (89 to 95%) and at the amino acid level (95 to 100%) than to the Mexico strain. At the peptide level the differences are less apparent. Both African isolates have amino acid changes in common with some reference strains although the Chad isolate has three unique changes. These African strains of HEV, based on the ORF2 and ORF3 phylogenetic trees, appear to be a distinct phylogenetic group, separate from the Mexican and Asian strains.

Algeria↗
PubMed1998

Different distribution of H1-H2 Epstein-Barr virus variant in oropharyngeal virus and in biopsies of Hodgkin's disease and in nasopharyngeal carcinoma from Algeria.

In a previous study of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) strains in North African nasopharyngeal carcinoma (N PC) biopsies, we have found that the viral strain present was of A/F/W'-I'/Xhol kept/H1-H2 type, while the strain associated with Chinese NPC was the A/"f"/W'I'/Xhol lost/H type. Using the restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and PCR-RFLP methods, the present study analyzed the H1-H2 variant in different clinical samples from Algeria, including the saliva of healthy EBV-positive individuals and patients with NPC or Hodgkin's disease (HD), as well as HD biopsies and lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) established from the oropharyngeal virus-infected cells. Our results demonstrate that, in contrast to the H1-H2 variant found in NPC biopsies, the H genotype was dominant in HD biopsies. Moreover, H genotype was also dominant in the oropharynx of healthy EBV-positive individuals, of patients with NPC and with HD. Our results clearly indicate that in North Africa the EBV strain present of NPC biopsies is different from that shed in the oropharynx. This may suggest a specific distribution of the H1-H2 variant in the NPC epithelial tumor, whereas the H genotype is dominant in HD biopsies and in the oropharynx. The specific association of both viral strains with these 2 distinct diseases in North Africa may reflect a difference in tumorigenicity.

Algeria↗
PubMed2002

Further research at the Oldowan site of Ain Hanech, North-eastern Algeria.

Further investigations were carried out at Ain Hanech, Algeria in 1998 and 1999 to explore its potential for investigating early hominid behavioral patterns and adaptation. Research concentrated on the stratigraphy and dating, identifying new archaeological deposits, and excavating the Ain Hanech and El-Kherba localities. To enhance the chronological control within a biostratigraphic framework, the Ain Boucherit fossil-bearing stratum, yielding a Plio-Pleistocene fauna, is correlated with the regional stratigraphy. In the stratigraphic sequence, the Ain Boucherit stratum, located 13m below the Ain Hanech Oldowan occurrences, is found in Unit Q of the Ain Hanech Formation. Unit Q shows a paleomagnetically reversed polarity, which may be correlated with an age earlier than the Olduvai normal subchron (1.95-1.77Ma). Based on test trenches and stratigraphic analyses, additional Oldowan deposits A, B, and C are identified at Ain Hanech. All three deposits and the El-Kherba site contain Mode I technology artefacts associated with an Early Pleistocene fauna. El-Kherba is stratigraphically equivalent to Ain Hanech. These two archaeological sites are estimated to be dated to about 1.8Ma.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1990

Investigation of factor VIII:C gene restriction fragment length polymorphisms and search for deletions in hemophiliac subjects in Algeria.

The frequency of alleles for intragenic (intron 17 and intron 25) and extragenic (DXS15 and DXS52) F8C RFLPs was investigated in the Algerian population. Altogether 287 X chromosomes (97 males and 95 females) were studied. The allele frequencies found with the two intragenic F8C RFLPs were not substantially different from those reported in a Mediterranean population. At the highly polymorphic extragenic DXS52 locus the distribution in Algeria differed from that found in France. A new allele (14 kb), called 1 DZ, was found in 3.1% of the chromosomes. Fifty-one families with hemophilia A were studied with the same probes (374 subjects). Of the females, 94% were informative for at least one intra- or extragenic RFLP. Two recombinations were found between DXS52 and F8C, of which one occurred between the DXS15, DXS52 block and F8C, indicating that the two anonymous loci are on the same side of the F8C gene. Only two obvious gene deletions were observed in 73 unrelated hemophiliacs: one encompassed exons 14-22 (about 4.3 kb of cDNA and 36 kb of genomic DNA); the other removed the last exon (exon 26, representing 2 kb of cDNA).

Algeria↗
PubMed1994

At least five polymorphic mutants account for the prevalence of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in Algeria.

The electrophoretic mobility and level of enzyme activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) was established in 100 unrelated Algerian males with G6PD deficiency. DNA from these subjects was analysed for the presence of certain known G6PD mutations by the appropriate restriction enzyme digestion of fragments amplified by the polymerase chain reaction. Where the mutation could not be identified in this way, the samples were subjected to single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis and abnormal fragments were sequenced. In this way, eight different mutations have been identified, of which five are polymorphic and account for 92% of the samples. The most common variants are G6PD A- (46%) and G6PD Mediterranean (23%), both of which were associated with favism. A new polymorphic variant, G6PD Aures, has been identified during the course of this study, whereas another, G6PD Santamaria, has now been established as a polymorphic variant (11%). Thus, G6PD deficiency in Algeria is heterogeneous, suggesting that there has been significant gene flow, both from sub-Saharan Africa and from other parts of the Mediterranean.

Algeria↗