Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “AFFECT”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Morphine differentially affects the sensory and affective pain ratings in neurogenic and idiopathic forms of pain.

In a double-blind, placebo controlled crossover study, the effect of morphine on the affective and sensory pain ratings in different forms of chronic pain was investigated. Six patients suffering from central neurogenic pain, 8 from peripheral neurogenic pain and 6 from idiopathic pain participated in the study. Morphine (0.3 mg/kg bodyweight) and placebo (saline) were administered intravenously. Both the affective and sensory dimensions of pain sensation were assessed by means of the 101-point rating scale. From our results it appeared that morphine reduced the affective but not the sensory dimension of pain sensation in both groups of neurogenic pain patients. In the idiopathic pain group, neither the affective nor the sensory dimension of pain sensation were affected. The observed differences in opioid responsiveness were neither the result of differences in opioid consumption nor of differences in baseline pain levels.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Walking in (affective) circles: can short walks enhance affect?

Recent physical activity recommendations call for activities that are of moderate intensity and can be performed intermittently during the day, such as walking. These proclamations were based partly on the assumption that moderate activities are generally more enjoyable than physically demanding ones, and they are, therefore, also more likely to be continued over the long haul. However, little is actually known about the affective outcomes of short bouts of walking and extant findings are equivocal. Four experimental studies examined the affective responses associated with short (10- to 15-min) bouts of walking using a dimensional conceptual model of affect, namely, the circumplex. Results consistently showed that walking was associated with shifts toward increased activation and more positive affective valence. Recovery from walking for 10-15 min was associated with a return toward calmness and relaxation. This pattern, was robust across different self-report measures of the circumplex affective dimensions, across ecological settings (field and laboratory), across time, and across samples.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Preferences as expectation-driven inferences: effects of affective expectations on affective experience.

Presents a model arguing that affect and emotion are often formed in an expectation-driven fashion. A pilot study and 2 experiments manipulated undergraduate Ss' affective expectations (e.g., how funny they expected a set of cartoons to be) and whether Ss' expectations were confirmed (e.g., whether the cartoons really were funny). When the value of a stimulus was consistent with an affective expectation, people formed evaluations relatively quickly. Even when the value of a stimulus was discrepant from an affective expectation, people sometimes assimilated the value of the stimulus to their expectations. Other times, such as when making a more fine-grained evaluation of the cartoons, people noticed that they were discrepant from their affective expectations. Under these conditions, people appeared to have more difficulty forming preferences. They took longer to evaluate and spent more time thinking about the cartoons.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Using the Job-Related Affective Well-Being Scale (JAWS) to investigate affective responses to work stressors.

Prior research linking job stressors to psychological strains has been limited to a small number of emotional reactions. This article describes research linking job stressors to a wide range of affective states at work. In Study 1, a multidimensional scaling procedure was used on a matrix of similarity judgments by 51 employees of 56 job-related affective statements to support a 2-dimensional view of affective well-being. In Study 2, ratings of the affect statements by 100 employees further supported the contention that the dimensions were pleasure-displeasure and degree of arousal. In Study 3, 114 full-time university employees responded to the Job-Related Affective Well-Being Scale, which was found to be related to measures of job stressors as well as job satisfaction and physical symptoms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Affect, affective resonance and a new theory for hypnosis.

New theory is most useful when it helps explain phenomena outside the observational realm within which it was derived. The growing body of evidence suggesting that adult human emotion is the result of neocortical modulation of phylogenetically earlier subcortical affect programs, and the logical system developed by Tomkins to explain the links between innate affect and adult behavior, has been reviewed in terms of newer work on infant observation. The study of interaffectivity and intersubjectivity leads to an understanding of the caregiver as an external modulator of infantile affect; the similarity between these processes of external modulation and the well known techniques of hypnotic induction suggests commonality. Save for a massive reorganization of our theories about affect and its relationship to the face, I do not think it can any longer be considered valid for an investigator to present data about hypnosis without meticulous attention to facial affect display.

Affect↗
PubMed1996

Affect and memory in depression: evidence of better delayed recall of positive than negative affect words.

It is widely accepted that depressives focus on negative memories, and forget or repress positive memories (showing a mood-congruent affective tendency). Normals have an opposite positive bias in memory ('Pollyanna tendency'). Research evidence for depressives' negative bias in memory comes mainly from studies of retrieval of personal experiences during depression, or from studies of such retrieval during induced mood. In the present study, the hypothesis that depressives encode and remember negative emotion materials better than other materials was tested. Contrary to the hypothesis, the results showed that severely depressed patients remembered more positive affect than negative affect words, after a 2-day delay. Depressives' overall memory performance and rate of forgetting were poor, similar to schizophrenics', and worse than normals'. The results suggest that, while memory performance during a depressive episode is poor, the memory consolidation process for affective information is normal. Unlike in schizophrenia, it does not select negative emotion materials. This conclusion is not incongruent with the finding that depressives show mood-congruent retrieval for previously learnt personal (experiential) information. The consolidation of non-personal (nonexperiential) positive affect materials during depression may provide a clue as to the mechanism of recovery in depression, and the lack of such recovery in schizophrenia.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Ageing and affective disorders: the age at first onset of affective disorders in Scotland, 1969-1978.

First admission rates from 1969-78 for Scottish psychiatric units were calculated for discharge diagnoses of affective psychosis for each five-year age-group from 15 years to over 74 years. There were clear-cut linear increases in rates of depressive psychoses, mania, and all affective psychoses, consistent with a relatively steady increase in the rate of first-onset affective psychoses with increasing age. These findings are discussed in terms of social, psychological, and biological hypotheses of the causes of affective disorder. It is argued that no single factor could produce the observed linear increases with age and that the data appear more consistent with an integrative aetiological model of affective disorder.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Interrelationships between hormones, behavior, and affect during adolescence: complex relationships exist between reproductive hormones, stress-related hormones, and the activity of neural systems that regulate behavioral affect. Comments on part III.

Adolescence is a period in life marked by change, encompassing physiological changes associated with pubertal development, changes in social status and the social stresses that an individual faces, and changes in behavioral affect regulation. The interactions between activity in the reproductive axis, the neural systems that regulate stress, hormones produced in response to stress, and neural systems governing behavioral affect regulation are complex and multifaceted. Although our understanding of these interactions remains rudimentary, we do know that stress can suppress activity of the reproductive axis, that reproductive hormones can modulate the activity of neural systems that govern the body's responses to stress, that both reproductive function and stress responsiveness can be altered in depressed individuals, and that the function of some of the key neural systems regulating behavioral affect (i.e., serotonergic, noradrenergic, dopaminergic systems) are modulated by both gonadal steroid hormones and adrenal steroid hormones. This summary reviews the central interactions discussed in this session on the interrelationships between hormones, behavior, and affect during adolescence and identifies key topics that require further investigation in order to understand the role that pubertal changes in reproductive function, interacting with increased exposure to life stresses, play in modulating behavioral affect regulation during the adolescent period.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Effect of aerobic exercise on negative affect, positive affect, stress, and depression.

Three groups of subjects, 15 Longer-term Exercisers, 14 Short-term Exercisers, and 18 Nonexercisers completed questionnaires designed to measure negative affect associated with thoughts, negative affect associated with day-to-day experiences, positive affect associated with thoughts, and positive affect associated with day-to-day experiences, depression, and stress. All the subjects also provided a rating of their over-all general stress. The Longer-term Exercisers reported more positive affect associated with their thoughts and day-to-day experiences than the Nonexercisers. There also was a trend for the Longer-term Exercisers to report less over-all stress than the Nonexercisers.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2004

Human affection exchange: VI. Further tests of reproductive probability as a predictor of men's affection with their adult sons.

The authors examined the communication of affection in men's relationships with their fathers. Drawing from Affection Exchange Theory, the authors advanced four predictions: (a) heterosexual men receive more affection from their own fathers than do homosexual or bisexual men, (b) fathers communicate affection to their sons more through supportive activities than through direct verbal statements or nonverbal gestures, (c) affectionate communication between fathers and sons is linearly related to closeness and interpersonal involvement between them, and (d) fathers' awareness of their sons' sexual orientation is associated with the amount of affection that the fathers communicate to them. Participants were 170 adult men who completed questionnaires regarding affectionate communication in their relationships with their fathers. Half of the men were self-identified as exclusively heterosexual, and the other half were self-identified as exclusively homosexual or bisexual. The results supported all predictions substantially.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Affect deficit: a vicissitude of the phenomenon and experience of affect.

Certain people are unable to discriminate, integrate and regulate their affective experience and their experience of pain. This disorder is related to alexithymia, la pensée operatoire and the dis-affected condition. Affect is best understood when a distinction is made between its somatic emergence and its subjective experience. The two patients described here were unable to provide language, mnemic symbol or associative meaning to their affective experiences. Their analyses revealed long histories of denial, disavowal and metaphorization of their somatic perceptions. The lack of validation of their somatic experiences contributed to their affect deficit condition. From a metapsychological perspective it is here hypothesized that in the above condition the body ego remains partially unintegrated from the sphere of the ego.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

The impact of redefining affection status for alcoholism on affected-sib-pair analysis.

The analysis of a complex disease such as alcohol dependence requires a more precise definition of affection status. Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA) provided a variety of qualitative and quantitative measures as well as genotype information, in addition to two criteria of affection status. To identify two groups of phenotypically "more homogeneous" individuals among alcoholics (COGA criterion), we redefined affection status by using cluster analysis and classification and regression tree, incorporating some important covariates such as event related potentials, monoamine oxidase B activity, status of smoking, age of onset, three variables of personality assessed with the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire and three latent class variables. With redefined affection status, we repeated nonparametric analysis by three sib pair analysis programs (SIBPAL, SIBPAIR, and BETA) using nine candidate DNA markers identified by Reich et al. [1998] and Long et al. [1998]. The goals of our analysis are 1) to confirm previous results for these nine markers with redefined affection status and 2) to compare the performance from these three programs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Diagnosis and prenatal diagnosis of epidermolysis bullosa herpetiformis (Dowling-Meara) in a mother, two affected children, and an affected fetus.

In utero skin biopsy was performed on a fetus at risk of an uncertain form of epidermolysis bullosa (EB). The mother had produced two affected offspring diagnosed variously as having junctional or dystrophic EB. The two offspring and the fetus were products of different fathers. The mother claimed to have no disease and on clinical examination was without blisters. Examination of the fetal skin biopsy by light and electron microscopy revealed separation of the epidermal sheet from the majority of the biopsy sample, although occasional remnants of basal cells remained associated with the basement membrane. Aggregations of keratin filaments were observed within basal cells of the detached epidermis and in the attached basal cell remnants. The diagnosis was thus suggested to be epidermolysis bullosa Dowling-Meara. Re-review of the clinical and laboratory data from the affected infants revealed a clinical and histological pattern consistent with this diagnosis. Further discussion with the mother revealed that her skin had blistered as a child and that she presently had hyperkeratotic palms and soles. This history is consistent with the autosomal dominantly inherited epidermolysis bullosa herpetiformis (Dowling-Meara). This is the first reported prenatal diagnosis of EB Dowling-Meara. The morphological criteria of intraepidermal blistering and clumped keratin filaments within basal and immediately suprabasal cells characteristic of an affected individual postnatally also identified an affected fetus. There is, however, insufficient experience to be certain that these findings will hold from region to region in the body or among all affected fetuses, and thus prenatal diagnosis on a morphological basis should still be made with caution.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

An Examination of the Joint Effects of Affective Experiences and Job Beliefs on Job Satisfaction and Variations in Affective Experiences over Time.

This study investigated the joint influences of episodic levels of pleasant mood at work and beliefs about one's job on judgments of job satisfaction, as well as examining the prediction of the patterns of affective states over time. Twenty-four managerial workers completed a diary during work hours which required them to report their mood state at four different times during the workday. The diaries were completed for 16 workdays. At a separate time they completed a measure of overall satisfaction, a Valence-Instrumentality-Expectancy (VIE) measure of beliefs about the job and two dispositional variables, dispositional happiness and affect intensity. Results showed that average levels of pleasant mood over the 16 days and VIE beliefs about the job made significant and independent contributions to the prediction of overall job satisfaction and did so over and above the contribution of dispositional happiness. Results also indicated that individual differences in affective intensity predicted the variability of pleasant mood over time as well as mean levels of mood activation. Finally, spectral analyses applied to the series of mood observations showed that the variability over time in the series of mood observations showed two definite cycles, one corresponding to a daily cycle and one corresponding to a two-period oscillation in mood. Results are discussed in terms of the joint influences of affective experiences and job beliefs on job attitudes and the importance of studying affect over time independent of job satisfaction. Copyright 1999 Academic Press.

Journal Article↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Factors affecting the distribution of age at onset in patients with affective disorders.

We analyzed the age-at-onset distributions in a group of 285 patients diagnosed as having major affective disorder, recurrent, either unipolar or bipolar, in order to detect the possible existence of genetic and epidemiological factors affecting their age-at-onset distribution. In fact, since it is known that affective disorders are genetically heterogeneous with respect to the liability systems involved, methodological considerations support the hypothesis of the existence of different ages at onset also. We thus investigated several variables and the significant findings of our study were that bipolarity, at least one affected parent and a low position in the sibship are each associated with earlier age at onset of affective disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Risk for affective disorder and alcohol and other drug abuse in the relatives of affectively ill adoptees.

We investigated the risk for substance abuse in the biological relatives of adoptees with affective illness, controlling for potential confounds, and additionally assessed risk by probands' and relatives' gender. Our sample consisted of 67 index adoptees with affective illness, matched control adoptees, and their biological and adoptive relatives. Both affective illness and substance abuse were more common in the biological relatives of affectively ill adoptees than in controls' relatives. Affective illness was more common than substance abuse among female index biological relatives, with the opposite pattern observed among male relatives.

Adoption↗
PubMed1996

Further tests for linkage of bipolar affective disorder to the tyrosine hydroxylase gene locus on chromosome 11p15 in a new series of multiplex British affective disorder pedigrees.

OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken to confirm or refute previous reports that link bipolar affective disorder to polymorphic DNA markers at or near the gene for tyrosine hydroxylase. METHOD: A previous linkage analysis, which used a tetranucleotide repeat polymorphism at the tyrosine hydroxylase locus, of six Icelandic families was extended to include a new series of 17 multiply affected British families. RESULTS: Overall lod scores under the assumption of locus heterogeneity were between 1.20 and 1.40 at zero recombination with tyrosine hydroxylase, and these scores persisted across three affective disorder models. CONCLUSIONS: These results provide some support for linking affective disorder to this genetic region and suggest that additional linkage and association studies should be conducted to determine whether tyrosine hydroxylase or a nearby locus contributes to susceptibility to bipolar affective disorder in some families.

Alleles↗
PubMed1994

The stress-negative affect model of adolescent alcohol use: disaggregating negative affect.

The current study addressed three primary limitations of previous research on the relations among stress, negative affect and adolescent alcohol use. These include failure to distinguish among different types of negative affect, inattention to potential moderators of the relation between affect and alcohol use (e.g., impulsivity), and insufficient utilization of high-risk samples (e.g., children of alcoholics). In the current study, anger, anxiety and depression were found to differentially mediate the relation between stress and alcohol use, such that depression was the only significant mediator (above and beyond the effects of the other two affect measures). Impulsivity was also found to moderate the depression to alcohol use relation such that depressed, impulsive adolescents drank more heavily than depressed, nonimpulsive adolescents or nondepressed adolescents. Research implications include a need for future attention to the unique relations between forms of negative affect and alcohol use and to variables that might moderate these relations.

Adolescent↗