Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “ADOPTION”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Adoption in evolution: recent influences on adoption in Virginia.

Adoption is a relatively new and evolving institution. The characteristics of children available for adoption are changing. Some hard-to-place children will be helped by subsidized adoption. The concept of children as property of biologic parents continues to shadow efforts to terminate parental rights. Virginia law allows adoption against parental consent if such consent is withheld contrary to the child's welfare, but decisions continue to be based upon whether or not parental behavior has been sufficiently extreme to justify a finding of unfitness. New legislation is required to put the child's interests on a par with those of parents.

Adoption↗
PubMed1978

Adjustment of adopted children and demographic profile of adoptive parents.

Using 51 manifestations of childhood dysfunction as index of adjustment, the relationship was investigated of 9 demographic characteristics of applicants for adoption to the adjustment of children, when aged 7 to 7 1/2 years, whom they had adopted. 'Good adjustment' was associated with the father having at least completed high school, having a non-manual occupation and an above median income. There was a trend for it to be also associated with the mother having at least completed high school, being under 30 years of age, and with the couple's non-committal on (i.e., not outright rejection of) the possibility of adopting a hard to place child. The findings were discussed critically and it was concluded that the study demonstrated the feasibility of establishing objective empirical criteria for the selection of adoption applicants.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2004

Memory T cells originate from adoptively transferred effectors and reconstituting host cells after sequential lymphodepletion and adoptive immunotherapy.

Adoptive transfer of tumor-specific effector T cells induces regression of advanced tumors and induces a long term memory response; however, the origin of this response has not been clearly defined. In this study Thy1.2+ mice bearing advanced MCA-205 tumors were treated with sublethal total body irradiation, followed by adoptive transfer of congenic Thy1.1+ T cells that had been sensitized to tumor in vivo and then activated ex vivo with anti-CD3, IL-2, and IL-7. Splenocytes were recovered >140 days after the initial therapy, and the L-selectinlow memory cell subset was separated into host Thy1.2+ and transferred Thy1.1+ cells and restimulated ex vivo. Both adoptively transferred Thy1.1+ cells as well as reconstituted host Thy1.2+ cells could specifically eliminate MCA-205 pulmonary metastases. Interestingly, hosts with partial responses followed by tumor recurrence nevertheless harbored memory cells that could be isolated and numerically amplified ex vivo to regenerate potent effector function. Memory cells were recovered after adoptive transfer into lymphodepleted nontumor-bearing hosts, indicating that they were not dependent on continued Ag exposure. These experiments establish that rapid ex vivo expansion of tumor Ag-primed T cells does not abrogate their capacity to become long-lived memory cells. Moreover, immune-mediated tumor regression coincident with lymphoid reconstitution produces another wave of host memory cells. These data suggest an approach to rescuing antitumor immune function even in hosts with long-standing progressive tumor through restorative ex vivo activation.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cooperative adoption: an alternative to independent adoption.

This description of an agency-supported independent adoption program may have significance for other adoption programs and policies. Program assumptions and goals, key design features, and problems experienced in implementing the program are described. The program's impact upon an agency's traditional adoption program is discussed, as well as concerns that have long been raised about the ethicality of independent adoption practices.

Adoption↗
PubMed2005

Understanding technology adoption in clinical care: clinician adoption behavior of a point-of-care reminder system.

BACKGROUND: Evaluation studies of clinical decision support systems (CDSS) have tended to focus on assessments of system quality and clinical performance in a laboratory setting. Relatively few studies have used field trials to determine if CDSS are likely to be used in routine clinical settings and whether reminders generated are likely to be acted upon by end-users. Moreover, such studies when performed tend not to identify distinct user groups, nor to classify user feedback. AIM: To assess medical residents' acceptance and adoption of a clinical reminder system for chronic disease and preventive care management and to use expressed preferences for system attributes and functionality as a basis for system re-engineering. DESIGN OF STUDY: Longitudinal, correlational study using a novel developmental trajectory analysis (DTA) statistical method, followed by a qualitative analysis based on user satisfaction surveys and field interviews. SETTING: An ambulatory primary care clinic of an urban teaching hospital offering comprehensive healthcare services. 41 medical residents used a CDSS over 10 months in their daily practice. Use of this system was strongly recommended but not mandatory. METHODS: A group-based, semi-parametric statistical modeling method to identify distinct groups, with distinct usage trajectories, followed by qualitative instruments of usability and satisfaction surveys and structured interviews to validate insights derived from usage trajectories. RESULTS: Quantitative analysis delineates three types of user adoption behavior: "light", "moderate" and "heavy" usage. Qualitative analysis reveals that clinicians of distinct types tend to exhibit views of the system consistent with their demonstrated adoption behavior. Drawbacks in the design of the CDSS identified by users of all types (in different ways) motivate a redesign based on current physician workflows. CONCLUSION: We conclude that this mixed methodology has considerable promise to provide new insights into system usability and adoption issues that may benefit clinical decision support systems as well as information systems more generally.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1998

Medicare program; update of ratesetting methodology, payment rates, payment policies, and the list of covered procedures for ambulatory surgical centers effective October 1, 1998; reopening of comment period and delay in adoption of the proposed rule as final--HCFA. Notice of reopening of comment period for proposed rule and delay in adoption of provisions of the proposed rule as final.

This notice reopens the comment period for a proposed rule affecting Medicare payments to ambulatory surgical centers (ASCs) that was originally published in the Federal Register on June 12, 1998 (63 FR 32290). This document gives notice of a delay in the adoption of the provisions of the June 12, 1998 ASC proposed rule as a final rule to be concurrent with the adoption as final of the hospital outpatient prospective payment system (PPS) that is the subject of a proposed rule published in the Federal Register on September 8, 1998 (63 FR 47551). In addition this document confirms that the current ASC payment rates that are effective for services furnished on or after October 1, 1998, will remain in effect until rebased ASC rates and the provisions of the June 12, 1998 ASC proposed rule are adopted as final to be concurrent with the adoption as final of the Medicare hospital PPS.

Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, U.S.↗
PubMed2005

The experience of adoptive parents in adoption reunion relationships: a qualitative study.

The issues experienced by adoptive parents when faced with an adult child's searching or reunion relationship with his or her birth family, how adoptive parents place themselves within this process, and the factors that influence their experience at this time were explored in a qualitative study of 21 adoptive parents. Themes derived from semistructured interviews are discussed, and implications for clinical practice and future research are suggested.

Adoption↗
PubMed2003

Adoptive transfer of apoptotic splenocytes worsens survival, whereas adoptive transfer of necrotic splenocytes improves survival in sepsis.

In sepsis, both necrotic and apoptotic cell death can occur. Apoptotic cells induce anergy that could impair the host response, whereas necrotic cells cause immune activation that might result in enhanced antimicrobial defenses. We determined whether adoptive transfer of apoptotic or necrotic cells impacted survival in a clinically relevant sepsis model. We also evaluated the effects of adoptive transfer of apoptotic or necrotic cells on the prototypical TH1 and TH2 cytokines IFN-gamma and IL-4, respectively. C57BL6/J mice had adoptive transfer of apoptotic (irradiated) or necrotic (freeze thaw) splenocytes. Controls received saline. Apoptotic cells greatly increased mortality, whereas necrotic splenocytes markedly improved survival, P < or = 0.05. The contrasting effects that apoptotic or necrotic cells exerted on survival were mirrored by opposite effects on splenocyte IFN-gamma production with greatly decreased and increased production, respectively. Importantly, either administration of anti-IFN-gamma antibodies or use of IFN-gamma knockout mice prevented the survival benefit occurring with necrotic cells. This study demonstrates that the type of cell death impacts survival in a clinically relevant model and identifies a mechanism for the immune suppression that is a hallmark of sepsis. Necrotic cells (and likely apoptotic cells) exert their effects via modulation of IFN-gamma

Adoptive Transfer↗
PubMed2000

Adoptive immunotherapy in patients with recurrent malignant glioma: preliminary results of using autologous whole-tumor vaccine plus granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and adoptive transfer of anti-CD3-activated lymphocytes.

OBJECT: This trial was designed to determine the ability of autologous whole-tumor cell vaccines to induce cell mediated immune responses in patients with recurrent malignant glioma, as well as to determine whether combining such vaccination with adoptive transfer of in vitro activated T lymphocytes prolongs patient survival. METHODS: Nineteen patients with recurrent malignant glioma, in whom previous external beam radiotherapy and at least one course of chemotherapy had failed were vaccinated twice with irradiated autologous whole tumor cells by using granulocyte-marcrophage colony-stimulating factor as an adjuvant. Patients then underwent leukapheresis followed by adoptive transfer of peripheral blood lymphocytes activated in vitro with anti-CD3 and interleukin-2. In vivo immune response, radiological response, clinical outcome, and survival were monitored. Seventeen patients developed a delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response to vaccination that appeared to be directed against the autologous tumor. In eight patients there was radiological evidence of a response and in five there was evidence of clinical improvement. Median survival was 12 months (range 6-28 months), and both the presence of a DTH response and the radiological response correlated with survival (p < 0.02 and p < 0.04, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: These preliminary results suggest that autologous whole-tumor cell vaccines induce a cell-mediated immune response, which appears to be tumor specific in most patients. Furthermore, vaccination combined with adoptive immunotherapy with in vitro activated cells may induce a radiologically demonstrated tumor response and improved survival despite a condition of advanced disease and immunosuppression resulting from previous treatment or tumor burden. Further studies of immunotherapy are warranted.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Kids speak out on adoption: a multiage bookwriting group for adopted children with special needs.

This article describes the conceptualization and development of the Saturday Club for Adopted Kids (a four-session, multiage, bookwriting group for adopted children and young people) and the benefits of offering such a project-oriented group in which adoptees can tell their stories and share their experiences in an environment that supports their recovery from early trauma and offers them a way to transform the meaning of their personal losses into social action to help others. Club participants produced a book, Kids Speak Out on Adoption, based on their experiences, perceptions, and feelings.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Factors affecting the adoption of telemedicine--a multiple adopter perspective.

This paper utilizes the diffusion of innovation framework to discuss factors affecting adoption of telemedicine. Empirical and anecdotal findings are organized across five attributes affecting innovation adoption rates for the following four adopter groups: physicians, patients, hospital administrators, and payers. A discussion of the implications is included.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1985

Psychopathology in adopted-out children of alcoholics. The Stockholm Adoption Study.

The inheritance of alcohol abuse and other psychopathology was studied in 862 men and 913 women adopted by nonrelatives at an early age in Sweden. Both male and female adoptees had a greater risk of alcohol abuse if their biologic, but not adoptive, parents were alcoholic. We distinguished two types of alcoholism that have distinct genetic and environmental causes and that differ in frequency of alcohol abuse and somatoform disorders in women. The combination of both genetic and environmental risk factors is required for development of alcoholism in the most common type. In contrast, in families with the less common type of susceptibility, alcohol abuse is highly heritable in the men, but the women have multiple somatic complaints without alcohol abuse. The implications of these findings of genetic heterogeneity and gene-environment interaction are discussed in relation to research, prevention, and treatment.

Adoption↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Health care of the internationally adopted child part 1. Before and at arrival into the adoptive home.

International adoptees are frequently encountered in pediatric practice. Their health status in the country of origin is quite variable. Once in the United States, there is no mandated medical evaluation for these infants and children. Commonly missed or ignored conditions include vision or hearing loss, infectious diseases, incomplete immunizations, and various allergies and food intolerances. The prepared nurse practitioner can provide invaluable assistance in ensuring the efficient and appropriate evaluation of each internationally adopted child. Part 1 of this series discusses concerns before the child's arrival in the adoptive home and the medical issues most important soon after arrival Part 2 addresses long-term issues including the follow-up of initial assessments, management of chronic medical problems, and concerns about growth, development, and social adjustments.

Adoption↗
PubMed1999

Age at adoption, ethnicity and atopic disorder: a study of internationally adopted young men in Sweden.

Epidemiological and laboratory studies have implied that the environment during early childhood is important for the risk of developing atopic disorders. In this study we analyzed the prevalence of asthma, hayfever and eczema among 1901 internationally adopted young men at the military-induction medical examination in relation to indicators of their early childhood environment. The adopted young men who came to Sweden before 2 years of age suffered from asthma, hayfever and eczema significantly more often than those who came to Sweden between 2 and 6 years of age; the risk ratios (RR) were 1.6, 2.5 and 2.1, respectively. The young men who were born in the Far East were identified as being particularly susceptible to the development of hayfever and eczema, with RRs of 1.3 and 1.7. This study demonstrates that the environment during the first 6 years of life has a profound influence on the risk of suffering from atopic disorders as young adults.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Study on adoptive immunotherapy in patients with renal cell carcinoma. II. Plasmapheresis with adoptive immunotherapy using LAK cells and IL-2].

The existence of immunosuppressive factors which impair the clinical effect of treatment using IL-2 or lymphokine activated killer (LAK) cells has been reported in the serum of patients with renal cell carcinoma. For the purpose of eliminating these immunosuppressive factors, plasmapheresis combined with adoptive immunotherapy using LAK cells was performed in ten patients with stage IV renal cell carcinoma. Immunological examinations revealed that the number of peripheral blood lymphocytes, NK activity and the ratio of Leu 11 positive cells were increased during the treatment. Of the 9 evaluable patients, one has a partial response, 5 showed no change and 3 had progressive disease. In addition to the one partial response, the size of some metastatic lesions in the lungs decreased in 2 patients during the treatment. As serious side effects, brain edema progressed in 2 patients with brain metastases and acute hepatitis due to plasmapheresis was noted in one patient. Moreover, transient and reversible renal dysfunction developed in most patients. These results indicated that plasmapheresis combined with adoptive immunotherapy using LAK cells is a useful therapy for patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Neurodevelopment of adopted children exposed in utero to cocaine: the Toronto Adoption Study.

BACKGROUND: Published studies of children's neurodevelopment after in utero exposure to cocaine have not separated intrauterine from postnatal environmental effects as cocaine-using mothers cluster in low socioeconomic classes and have other risk factors. METHODS: To overcome this limitation, a study was done to assess physical and neurodevelopmental characteristics of 52 children: 26 were adopted by parents who sought counselling in the Motherisk Program at the University of Toronto for prenatal cocaine exposure, and 26 were controls matched for maternal intelligence quotient (IQ), socioeconomic status and gestational age. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Head circumference, McCarthy General Cognitive Index (GCI) score, language performance and temperament tests. RESULTS: The children in the study group had smaller head circumferences (34th versus 54th percentiles p = 0.009), lower McCarthy GCI scores (102.8 versus 114.2, p = 0.02), poorer receptive and expressive language performance on the Reynell test, and higher activity levels, less persistence and increased distractibility on temperament tests. On multivariate analysis, cocaine exposure was significantly (p = 0.001) associated with lower IQ and poorer language development independent of intrauterine growth retardation and other potential confounders. INTERPRETATION: By controlling for postnatal environmental factors, this adoption study documents intrauterine developmental risks associated with cocaine exposure. Follow-up into school years is warranted to evaluate the extent of these effects.

Adoption↗
PubMed2002

Adoption--1: Adopting a child today.

In the first of a three-part series, some of the early difficulties of an adoption placement are outlined, with some practical advice on supporting the adoptive parents.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2002

Adoption--3: The adopted child at school.

In the last of three articles, Patricia Swanton explains some of the particular needs an adopted child may have because of present circumstances and past trauma. She discusses ways in which teachers and health professionals can best support the adoptive parents and their child so that the child is able to make the most of being at school.

Adoption↗