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Results for “retinal development”

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At least 523 records · Page 29Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

The development of retinal ganglion cell decussation patterns in postnatal pigmented and albino ferrets.

The decussation patterns of retinal ganglion cells in postnatal pigmented and albino ferrets were examined by using retrograde axonal tracers. Following unilateral injections into the optic pathway of newborn pigmented ferrets, approximately 13,000 cells were labelled in the ipsilateral retina. The majority (11,500) of these were located in temporal retina. Postnatally, the numbers of cells projecting ipsilaterally from temporal retina fell by 49%. High rates of loss were observed in both the smaller uncrossed projection from nasal retina (92%) and also in the crossed projection from temporal retina (84%). After injections on the day of birth, a decussation line was not obvious in the crossed projection: > or = 14,000 labelled cells were found in temporal retina. Double tracer studies showed that very few of these cells had axons which projected bilaterally. The numbers of ipsilaterally projecting cells labelled in neonatal albino ferrets was dramatically reduced. Only approximately 2500 were labelled in temporal retina following injections at birth. As in pigmented ferrets, about half of these cells subsequently died. The reduced uncrossed projection in albino neonates was associated with an increase in the crossed projection from temporal retina, in which approximately 21,000 cells were labelled following injections at birth. These results suggest that differential postnatal ganglion cell death establishes the adult decussation pattern in the contralateral retinal projection but merely refines the pattern already established in the uncrossed projection. Postnatal ganglion cell death plays no significant role in generating the abnormal projections found in albino ferrets.

Albinism↗
PubMed2001

[Ocular complications in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus seen at the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Clinical Center].

PURPOSE: To examine the ocular complications in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) in Japan. METHODS: The medical records of 322 patients seen at the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS) Clinical Center from July 1, 1997 through December 31, 1998 were reviewed, and the HIV-associated ocular complications were correlated with serum CD 4+ T-lymphocyte counts. RESULTS: Ocular complications were found in 51 patients: 35 cases with retinal microvasculopathy, 17 cases with cytomegalovirus retinitis(9 quiescent, 6 active, and 2 recurrent), and 1 case each with tuberculous uveitis, phthisis bulbi after necrotizing herpetic retinopathy, conjunctival Kaposi's sarcoma, papilledema, divergence palsy, hemianopia, and abducens palsy. Retinal microvasculopathy was present in patients with CD 4+ T-lymphocyte counts above 500/mm3, but was more common in patients with cell counts below 200/mm3. Among 6 patients with active cytomegalovirus retinitis, 5 patients had a CD 4+ T-lymphocyte count below 50/mm3 at the onset of retinitis, while one patient developed retinitis after the cell count increased to over 200/mm3 with highly active antiretroviral therapy. CONCLUSION: Cytomegalovirus retinopathy may occur in patients with a CD 4+ T-lymphocyte count of more than 200/mm3.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1992

Development of retinal displaced ganglion cells in the chick: neurogenesis and morphogenesis.

The time of birth of displaced ganglion cells (DGCs) was determined by autoradiography. DGCs start to leave the cell cycle early, on embryonic day 3, in the central and peripheral retina, and end on embryonic day 8, also in both areas of the retina. During the period of neurogenesis, unlabeled (born) DGCs do not appear distributed in spatial gradients as do the ganglion, amacrine, and other cell types in the retina (Prada et al., 1991). Our results show characteristic spatial and temporal patterns of DGC neurogenesis, which differ from those of the other retinal cell types. The morphogenesis of DGCs was studied by means of Golgi preparations. After leaving the cycle, DGC neuroblasts detach from the ventricular lining; they then move their soma through the vitreal process toward the final position at the same time that they emit the axon. Also during soma translocation, a transient sprouting of a few short processes is emitted from the vitreal process of the cell, close to where the soma is later located, suggesting that the "abnormal" position of DGCs could be specifically marked during the process of migration.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Mitochondrial superoxide dismutase in mature and developing human retinal pigment epithelium.

Human retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) contains two genetically distinct forms of superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymes that scavenge harmful superoxide anions. Biochemical and immunochemical techniques were used to compare levels of copper-zinc- and manganese-containing forms of SOD (CuZn-SOD and Mn-SOD) in human adult and fetal RPE cells. It was found that Mn-SOD activity was higher in adult than fetal RPE cells, both in vivo and in vitro. Immunolocalization of Mn-SOD in cultured RPE cells showed a greater reactivity in the mitochondria of the adult cells. Primary cultures of adult RPE contained cells with various patterns of mitochondria as shown by immunolabeling for Mn-SOD. Adult RPE cells were more resistant to the effects of a superoxide generator, paraquat, which appeared to disrupt mitochondrial integrity as judged by staining with rhodamine 123. These results suggest that high levels of Mn-SOD protect mitochondria from oxidative damage that probably occurs with aging in the RPE.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Variations in the level of S antigen auto-antibodies and their relation to the development of retinitis pigmentosa (autosomal recessive genetic form)].

A group of 40 patients with retinitis pigmentosa (autosomal recessive) were studied. The levels of soluble retinal antigen (S antigen of human origin) auto-antibodies were measured by means of the enzyme-linked-immunosorbent assay. The results obtained were compared with those of a control population of 100 healthy subjects (p less than 0.001). A statistically significant correlation (r = 0.451, p less than 0.01) was observed when comparison was made between the anti-S levels and the time elapsed from the moment of retinitis pigmentosa diagnosis.

Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic↗