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At least 523 records · Page 29Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Chemical shift imaging of bone marrow: preliminary experience.

A phase-contrast method of chemical shift imaging was used to evaluate bone marrow in normal volunteers and in patients with metabolic, inflammatory, traumatic, and neoplastic disorders. Five normal volunteers were examined in order to obtain preliminary data on normal patterns of signal intensity in hematopoietic and fatty marrow using both conventional magnetic resonance imaging and proton chemical shift imaging. Normally, hematopoietic marrow yields low signal intensity on phase-contrast images; pathologic conditions affecting hematopoietic marrow typically result in increased signal intensity due to either accumulated lipid or water. Because of its high fat content, yellow marrow normally yields high signal intensity on phase-contrast images, whereas abnormal conditions usually result in decreased phase-contrast signal intensity due to increased tissue water. Proton chemical shift imaging is likely to be a valuable supplement to standard magnetic resonance imaging techniques in the study of bone marrow in vivo.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Image findings of a tailgut cyst. Case report and short review of the literature.

We present a case of retrorectal hamartoma (tailgut cyst). Imaging findings on ultrasound, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, pathologic findings, as well as the diagnostic pitfalls during the patient's management are documented. As it is a rare lesion with a non specific clinical presentation, it is usually misdiagnosed. Our aim is to present image characteristics of these lesions in all modalities and include retrorectal hamartomas in our differential diagnosis in patients with lesions with similar image findings.

Colectomy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Radiology of lung cancer.

It is of vital importance not only to prevent lung cancer but also to detect and treat it as early as possible. Plain chest X-ray examination often provides preliminary data useful for the early detection of lung cancer, and multiple diagnostic modalities such as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are used to obtain more accurate information. The authors describe the clinical utility of imaging diagnosis by computed radiography (CR), advanced multiple beam equalization radiography (AMBER), CT, and MRI in term of the imaging-pathologic correlation. We would like to emphasize that these modalities are not competitive but supplementary. It should be anticipated that, as technological improvements continue to be made, each modality will assume an increasingly important role in the imaging of lung cancer.

Diagnostic Imaging↗
PubMed1998

Magnetic resonance imaging of the inner ear in patients with idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss.

Although gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (Gd-MRI) has been used to indicate the presence of a subclinical labyrinthitis in patients with idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSHL), its sensitivity in daily clinical practice is unknown. We describe Gd-MRI findings in 27 ISSHL patients taking part in a prospective multicenter clinical trial. MRI findings were related to the severity of the hearing loss, vestibular involvement and the time interval between the occurrence of ISSHL and imaging. Pathological enhancement of the cochlea indicating a labyrinthitis was found in one patient with ISSHL. In 26 cases, no pathological enhancement could be established. Study results indicate that the present sensitivity of Gd-MRI is low for detecting subclinical viral labyrinthitis in patients with ISSHL. To improve the sensitivity of MRI in ISSHL, we recommend that imaging is performed as early as possible, preferably before treatment is started.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

[The value of 99mTc-MIBI image axillary lymph node in selecting operative method for breast cancer].

OBJECTIVE: To retain axillary lymph node not infiltrated by cancer cell. METHODS: Breast cancer was diagnosed by fine needle aspiration cytology (FNA) or tumor biopsy before operation. Axillary lymph node was examined by surgery and (99m)Tc-MIBI image. Pathological examination of the axillary tissue after operation is used as gold standard in comparison of the two examination methods. RESULTS: The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of surgical examination are lower than those of (99m)Tc-MIBI image (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: (99m)Tc-MIBI image combined with surgical examination can be used as a method for retaining axillary lymph node.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Structural neuroimaging in partial epilepsy. Magnetic resonance imaging.

MR imaging is the structural neuroimaging procedure of choice in patients with intractable partial epilepsy being considered for surgical treatment. The results of the MR imaging study may be used to identify appropriate candidates for epilepsy surgery. The MR imaged pathology may be of prognostic importance, alter the presurgical evaluation, and affect the operative strategy. Favorable candidates for epilepsy surgery include patients with medial temporal lobe epilepsy related to MTS and patients with lesional epileptic syndromes. Postoperative MR imaging may be useful to determine the extent of lesional and cortical resection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

MR imaging of the thrower's shoulder. Internal impingement, latissimus dorsi/subscapularis strains, and related injuries.

In conclusion, internal impingement apparently occurs in nearly all patients and is demonstrable on MR imaging. Pathologic changes associated with internal impingement seem to develop with repetitive placement of the arm into a position of extreme external rotation and abduction. Findings may include lesions of the posterior superior labrum, undersurface irritation, or tearing of the supraspinatus-infraspinatus junction near the attachment site and cystic changes of the posterior superior glenoid and posterior lateral greater tuberosity. There is no evidence for a particular sequence of pathologic changes. Instability may be associated with but does not appear to be a prerequisite for the development of the pathologic lesions of internal impingement.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[The accessory diagnosis of rectal carcinoma by ICM and oncogene expressions].

OBJECTIVE: To enhance the diagnostic accurate rate of preoperative biopsy on rectal carcinoma. METHODS: The paraffin embedded biopsy tissues of 17 cases of preoperatively unconfirmed rectal carcinoma and 15 cases of normal rectal mucosa (control group) were examined by routine pathology, image cytometry (ICM), and the expressions of protein products of oncogene p53 and ras. RESULTS: In the experimental group, 53% specimens were classified as non-diploid by ICM, and the positive rates of p53 and ras expressions were 71% and 47% respectively. The positive rates were higher than those of routine pathology and the differences were significant. In the control group, the results of ICM and oncogene expressions were negative. In the experimental group, there were 11 cases of atypical hyperplasia and 5 cases of chronic inflammation only. Non-diploid, and positive expressions of p53 and ras were found in 8, 11 and 7 cases of atypical hyperplasia respectively; however, they were all negative in chronic inflammation. The differences between atypical hyperplasia and chronic inflammation were significant. ICM was correlated well with expressions of p53 and ras oncogene. CONCLUSIONS: The techniques of ICM and detecting the expressions of protein products of oncogene p53 and ras can be a supplementary tool for routine pathology to improve the diagnostic rate of rectal carcinoma.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗
PubMed1991

[Salivary gland ultrasonography].

Many pathologic conditions of the salivary gland are diagnosed clinically. Until a few years ago, supplementary radiographic methods have only included plain film radiography and sialography. Both methods vary in usefulness, and the indications are controversial. During the last two decades other imaging methods, both radiographic and non-radiographic, have been used, and have provided clinically useful information. Probably the most useful of these is ultrasonography. Because the salivary glands are superficial structures they lend themselves well to ultrasonographic evaluation. Although sialography should still be the method of choice for some conditions, ultrasonography alone will often give the correct diagnosis. The purpose of this article is to describe the role of sonography for imaging pathologic conditions of the salivary glands.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

Hip arthropathy in a patient with primary hemochromatosis: MR imaging findings with pathologic correlation.

Arthropathy is a major clinical manifestation in primary hemochromatosis, typically affecting the metacarpophalangeal joints. Hip arthropathy is not uncommon, with radiologic features resembling osteoarthritis or calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD) crystal deposition disease. We describe the MR imaging findings of the hip in a patient with severe hip arthropathy and primary hemochromatosis and correlate them with the histopathologic findings. MR imaging showed severe degenerative changes, with large subchondral cysts and subchondral sclerosis in the femoral head and acetabulum. There was conspicuous correlation between MR imaging and pathologic findings of the resected femoral head. However, MR imaging failed to reveal intra-articular iron.

Hemochromatosis↗
PubMed1988

Periventricular white matter changes and dementia. Clinical, neuropsychological, radiological, and pathological correlation.

Forty-three patients with computed tomographic scan findings of decreased attenuation in the periventricular white matter (PVWM) region were studied. Clinical evaluation revealed presence of hypertension in 36 patients (84%) and cerebrovascular risk factors in 41 patients (95%). Unilateral or bilateral neurological deficits were present in 40 patients (93%). Neuropsychological evaluation in 27 of them revealed features of subcortical dementia. Magnetic resonance imaging in seven cases demonstrated high-intensity areas in the deep white matter region on T2-weighted imaging. Pathological evaluation in four patients revealed demyelination without inflammatory cells and infarctions in the PVWM region, lacunar infarctions in the basal ganglia and brain stem, and marked arteriosclerosis. The study indicated that most (95% in this series) of the patients with computed tomographic scan findings of decreased attenuation in the PVWM region had cerebrovascular risk factors and various neurological and neuropsychological features of subcortical dementia. Pathologically, these lesions represented areas of infarction and demyelination, along with diffuse arteriosclerosis.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

MR imaging of myositis ossificans: variable patterns at different stages.

Five patients with a palpable mass at presentation underwent magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. The final diagnosis was myositis ossificans (MO). MR imaging features, particularly after injection of gadopentetate dimeglumine, mimicked those of an inflammatory mass or neoplasm. The lesions were excised in three patients, and the images were correlated with histologic findings. Three different appearances were noted on MR images, corresponding to the stages of maturation of MO. Two cases involved early-stage lesions, and T1-weighted MR images showed a mass with homogeneous intermediate signal intensity. Both lesions showed rim enhancement after contrast agent injection and high signal intensity on T2-weighted images. Pathologic specimens demonstrated stroma with masses of spindle cells in which osteoid production was interspersed. The enhanced rim of the lesion mimicked the expected MR appearance of an abscess or necrotic tumor. Areas of enhancement in adjacent muscle were also seen on postcontrast T1-weighted images. Intermediate-stage MO was present in one case; there was evidence of a thin rim of calcification on plain radiographs and fatty changes in the lesion on T1-weighted images, corresponding with histologic findings. One case of a mature lesion showed a considerable degree of peripheral calcification both on MR images and at histology. MR imaging is nonspecific in the diagnosis of early-stage MO.

Abscess↗
PubMed2005

Strategies for teaching pathology to graduate students and allied health professionals.

Pathology is an essential course for many students in the biomedical sciences and allied health professions. These students learn the language of pathology and medicine, develop an appreciation for mechanisms of disease, and understand the close relationship between basic research and clinical medicine. We have developed 3 pathology courses to meet the needs of our undergraduates, graduate students, and allied health professionals. Through experience, we have settled on an approach to teaching pathology that takes into account the diverse educational backgrounds of these students. Educational resources such as assigned reading, online homework, lectures, and review sessions are carefully balanced to adjust course difficulty. Common features of our pathology curricula include a web-based computer laboratory and review sessions on the basis of selected pathology images and open-ended study questions. Lectures, computer-guided homework, and review sessions provide the core educational content for undergraduates. Graduate students, using the same computer program and review material, rely more heavily on assigned reading for core educational content. Our experience adapting a pathology curriculum to the needs of divergent groups of students suggests a general strategy for monitoring course difficulty. We hypothesize that course difficulty is proportional to the information density of specific learning resources (eg, lecture or textbook) multiplied by the weight of those learning resources placed on examinations. This formula allows educators to match the difficulty of a course with the educational needs of students, and provides a useful tool for longitudinal studies of curriculum reform.

Allied Health Personnel↗
PubMed1995

[Galactography].

Spontaneous single duct discharge is the main indication for galactography. This abnormality has in most cases a benign aetiology (> 90%). With a meticulous technique and sufficient experience, the ducts can be cannulated in 95% of the cases. A nipple adenoma with a blood stained discharge is seldom to pass for cannulation. Because cytology of the nipple discharge is not always positive in case of intraductal proliferations, microdochectomy must be used to obtain the differential diagnosis. Galactography shows multiple normal duct variations, depending on age, surrounding tissue, and a possible history of lactation. Pathologic images can be seen in dystrophic breasts, solitary papillomas, (juvenile) papillomas or (intraductal) carcinomas. In addition to high frequency ultrasonography (> or = 10 MHz), which is able to visualise the retro-areolar and superficial ducts, galactography can give a more detailed and better overview of the pathology.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Rotator cuff pathology in athletes.

The rotator cuff is the primary dynamic stabiliser of the glenohumeral joint and is placed under significant stress during overhead and contact sports. Mechanisms of injury include repetitive microtrauma, usually seen in the athlete involved in overhand sports, and macrotrauma associated with contact sports. Rotator cuff injury and dysfunction in the overhand athlete may be classified based on aetiology as primary impingement, primary tensile overload, and secondary impingement and tensile overload resulting from glenohumeral instability. A thorough history and physical examination are paramount in the evaluation, classification and treatment planning of the athlete with rotator cuff pathology. Imaging studies are a helpful adjunct to the history and physical. Athletes with primary impingement are usually middle aged or older and often have chronic shoulder pain and sometimes weakness associated with overhand sporting activities. Night pain is typical of full thickness rotator cuff tears. Impingement signs are positive and strength of elevation and external rotation are often limited. They usually respond to a nonoperative rehabilitation programme centred on decreasing inflammation, restoring range of motion and strengthening the rotator cuff and scapular stabilisers. Depending on the degree of cuff pathology, acromioplasty, debridement of partial cuff tears, and repair of full thickness tears are usually successful in those who fail a rehabilitation programme. Overhand athletes with cuff pathology secondary to subtle anterior instability are usually young and complain of pain and decreased throwing velocity. Instability may be so subtle that it is only detectable through a positive relocation test on examination. The majority of these athletes do not have a Bankart lesion on magnetic resonance imaging or arthroscopic examination. Arthroscopic examination usually demonstrates anterior capsular laxity (positive 'drive-through' sign), as well as superior-posterior labral and cuff injury typical of internal impingement. If rehabilitation alone is not successful, a capsulolabral repair followed by rehabilitation may allow the athlete to return to their previous level of competition. The athlete with an acute episode of macrotrauma to the shoulder resulting in cuff pathology usually presents with pain, limited active elevation and a positive 'shrug sign'. Arthroscopy and debridement of thickened, inflamed or scarred subacromial bursa with cuff repair or debridement as indicated is usually successful in those who do not respond to a rehabilitation programme.

Arthroscopy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Primary pulmonary artery sarcoma mimicking pulmonary thromboembolism.

A 69-year-old woman presenting with dyspnea had a pericardial window created for fibrinous pericarditis. The patient subsequently developed pulmonary hypertension and a ventilation perfusion scan was compatible with pulmonary thromboembolism. A primary tumour of the pulmonary artery was suggested by angiography, computerized axial tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Pathology confirmed a spindle cell pulmonary artery sarcoma.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Giant Rathke cleft cyst.

The preoperative diagnosis for an unusual skull base lesion was chordoma. The combination of imaging, pathologic, and surgical findings suggests the diagnosis of Rathke cyst.

Chordoma↗
PubMed2002

Adrenal cortical and medullar hyperplasia--a retrospective analysis of 6 cases.

The features of the symptoms, laboratory tests and pathological characteristics of adrenal cortical and medullary hyperplasia were studied. In 6 cases of hypercatecholaminenia, plasma norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine (E), catecholamine (CA) and 24-h urinary vanillylmandelic acid (VMA), 17-hydroxycorticosteroid (OHCS) and 17-ketosteroid (KS) were determined. Adrenal glands were examined by CT scan and 131I-MIBG imaging. Pathological examination was performed after operation. The results showed that in 6 cases of hypercatecholaminenia (3 men and 3 women) aged from 34-50 years, the clinical features were just like "pheochromocytoma", for example, episodic headache, perspiration, palpitation, pallor, apprehension, nausea, tremor, anxiety and so on. Plasma levels of CA, NE and E were elevated in all 6 cases. 24-h urinary samples obtained at the onset revealed elevated VMA in 1 case. 24-h urinary cortisol was obviously elevated in all 6 cases. 24-h urinary 17-OHCS, 17-KS was normal. B-type ultrasound, CT, MRI and 131I-MIBG revealed 9 lateral adrenal gland diffuse or nodular enlargement in 6 cases. Pathologic examination showed adrenal cortical and medullary hyperplasia. Clinically, adrenal cortical and medullary hyperplasia resembled "pheochromocytoma". The most significant feature of this disease was both elevated plasma CA and 24-h urinary cortisol obviously. Pathologic examination showed adrenal cortex nodular hyperplasia and medullar diffuse or limit hyperplasia. Whether it is an independent disease or symptoms of the other disease has not final conclusion up till now.

Adrenal Cortex↗