Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “pathogen identification”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 523 records · Page 29Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Two-dimensional electrophoresis used to differentiate the causal agents of American tegumentary leishmaniasis.

American tegumentary leishmaniasis is caused by a diverse group of Leishmania classified within two species complexes: L. mexicana and L. braziliensis. Because distinct disease forms are associated with certain species or subspecies, prognosis requires taxonomic identification of the pathogen. Biological criteria allow identification only to the species level; thus, biochemical and immunological markers are eagerly sought. We have used two-dimensional electrophoresis to examine the relationships among reference strains of New World Leishmania and stocks isolated from Colombian patients. The L. mexicana and L. braziliensis species complexes are shown to be extremely disparate, and the relative affinities of the subspecies reference strains and Colombian Leishmania stocks are documented. The latter displayed a variety of patterns--some clearly identifiable with a particular L. braziliensis subspecies reference strain, others intermediate between those of L.b. panamensis and L.b. guyanensis. Such comparisons are useful both in establishing relatedness and identifying subspecies and variant marker proteins, which may have biological significance.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Genetic tools in pathogenic nocardioform actinomycetes.

Nocardioform actinomycetes are Gram-positive bacteria with high G+C content. Several species of Mycobacterium, Corynebacterium, Nocardia and Rhodococcus are important human or animal pathogens. Transposon mutagenesis and homologous recombination are powerful genetic tools used for the identification of pathogenicity determinants. Transposable elements with potential application to mutagenize pathogenic nocardioform actinomycetes are described. Homologous recombination experiments which have been recently achieved in mycobacteria and related actinomycetes are commented on.

Actinomycetales↗
PubMed1987

Monoclonal antibodies to polysialic acid reveal epitope sharing between invasive pathogenic bacteria, differentiating cells and tumor cells.

Monoclonal antibodies (mAb) for rapid diagnosis and detection of invasive bacteria and identification of pathogenic factors in infectious disease are equally important in medical microbiology and clinical pathology and may even provide a breakthrough in basic medical and cell biology research. Such a situation evolved from the application of a unique mAb against the poorly immunogenic homopolymers of alpha 2,8-linked sialic acid of Escherichia coli K1 and meningococci group B capsules which could be derived from immune-hyperreactive NZB-autoimmune mice. The cross-reactivity of this mAb with identical polysialic acid (polySA) units of the neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM) revealed antigenic mimicry as the basis for the escape of the above-mentioned bacteria from host immune response and immune defense. The mAb proved to be a specific and sensitive diagnostic reagent as well as a very efficient therapeutic agent in experimental E. coli K1 and meningococcal group B infections in mice. Furthermore, the mAb was found to react exclusively with long-chain polySA units characteristic of the embryonic form of N-CAM. This led to the discovery that the embryonic form of N-CAM is present outside neural tissue in the mesodermally derived kidney where it is specifically expressed during embryonic organ differentiation and reexpressed under conditions of malignant growth in nephroblastoma. Therefore, the embryonic form of N-CAM represents an onco-differentiation antigen in kidney.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Nocardia kruczakiae sp. nov., a pathogen in immunocompromised patients and a member of the "N. nova complex".

Molecular methodologies have become useful techniques for the identification of pathogenic Nocardia species and for the recognition of novel species that are capable of causing human disease. Two isolates recovered from immunocompromised patients were characterized as Nocardia nova by biochemical and susceptibility testing results. The restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) patterns obtained by restriction endonuclease analysis (REA) of an amplified portion of the heat shock protein gene were identical to those obtained with the type strain of N. nova. REA of an amplified portion of the 16S rRNA gene showed RFLP patterns that were unlike those obtained for the type strain of N. nova but that were similar to those obtained for the type strains of N. africana and N. veterana. Subsequent sequencing of a portion of the 16S rRNA gene produced identical results for the two patient isolates. Sequence analysis of 1,352-bp portions of the 16S rRNA gene indicated that these isolates were 99.8% similar to the recently described species N. veterana but were only 99.3, 98.1, and 98.1% similar to the type strains of N. africana, N. nova, and N. vaccinii, respectively. DNA-DNA hybridization studies confirmed that the two patient isolates belonged to the same species but were not closely related to N. africana, N. nova, N. vaccinii, or N. veterana. The patient isolates have been designated N. kruczakiae sp. nov. Because N. africana, N. veterana, and the new species are not readily differentiated from N. nova by phenotypic methods alone, the designation "N. nova complex" can be used to designate isolates such as these that phenotypically resemble N. nova but that have not been definitively characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing or DNA-DNA hybridization.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Oligonucleotide fingerprint identification for microarray-based pathogen diagnostic assays.

MOTIVATION: Advances in DNA microarray technology and computational methods have unlocked new opportunities to identify 'DNA fingerprints', i.e. oligonucleotide sequences that uniquely identify a specific genome. We present an integrated approach for the computational identification of DNA fingerprints for design of microarray-based pathogen diagnostic assays. We provide a quantifiable definition of a DNA fingerprint stated both from a computational as well as an experimental point of view, and the analytical proof that all in silico fingerprints satisfying the stated definition are found using our approach. RESULTS: The presented computational approach is implemented in an integrated high-performance computing (HPC) software tool for oligonucleotide fingerprint identification termed TOFI. We employed TOFI to identify in silico DNA fingerprints for several bacteria and plasmid sequences, which were then experimentally evaluated as potential probes for microarray-based diagnostic assays. Results and analysis of approximately 150 in silico DNA fingerprints for Yersinia pestis and 250 fingerprints for Francisella tularensis are presented. AVAILABILITY: The implemented algorithm is available upon request.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2006

Identification of Burkholderia cepacia complex pathogens by rapid-cycle PCR with fluorescent hybridization probes.

Members of the Burkholderia cepacia complex are important bacterial pathogens in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. The B. cepacia complex currently consists of nine genetic subgroups (genomovars) of different epidemiological relevance and possibly of different pathogenic potential in humans. In this study, a new approach was developed for the rapid identification of B. cepacia genomovar I, Burkholderia multivorans (genomovar II), Burkholderia cenocepacia (lineage III-A and III-B), Burkholderia stabilis (genomovar IV) and Burkholderia vietnamiensis (genomovar V), which cause the large majority of infections in CF patients. The method was based on the detection of differences in the recA gene sequence by using rapid-cycle PCR and genomovar-specific fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) probes. The genomovar status of all 39 B. cepacia complex strains tested (genomovars I-V) was identified by melting-curve analysis. Each FRET probe produced a specific fluorescence signal only with the respective genomovar, and not with other B. cepacia complex strains and Burkholderia spp. The identification system was easy to handle and revealed B. cepacia complex genomovar I-V status from culture isolates within about 1 h.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1993

Autoantigens in thyroid diseases.

The autoantigens involved in autoimmune thyroid disease have now been extensively characterised, and the autoantibodies they evoke provide important aids to diagnosis, leading to early treatment of thyroid autoimmunity. The next stage in the puzzle is to determine towards which epitopes on the autoantigens the immune response is directed. We have already come a long way in the identification of immunodominant epitopes and have been able to identify one T cell epitope which has pathogenic capabilities. Identification of other T cell and B cell epitopes will help us understand the cell-mediated and humoral responses in greater detail and in time lead to more specific therapeutic intervention. A greater understanding of the mechanisms underlying one particular autoimmune disease will give us insights into other diseases, due to the belief that there may well be common underlying defects that, due to a multitude of factors, manifest as different diseases. The susceptibility factors in autoimmune thyroidits and autoimmune disease in general are very complex. A greater understanding is required of HLA associations and how particular peptides are presented in vivo. Are susceptible MHC types the ones capable of presenting the pathogenic peptides? Our major T cell thyroiditogenic epitope contains a T4 residue which accounts for over half the molecular weight of the peptide. Its structure is large and consists of a double benzene ring structure with four iodine atoms. It will be interesting to see how such a peptide can be presented and which residues bind T cell receptor or MHC. In summary we can say that autoimmune disease is due to a cocktail of factors which all contrive to tip the delicate balance of the immune system into an autoimmune state. HLA association may play a role in conferring an enhanced ability to select from a restricted repertoire of pathogenic epitopes, those epitopes perhaps only becoming available for presentation after interaction with environmental agents, whatever they may be. Following this, the normal regulation of self presentation and tolerance mechanisms break down and autoimmunity supervenes.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2005

Stealth proteins: in silico identification of a novel protein family rendering bacterial pathogens invisible to host immune defense.

There are a variety of bacterial defense strategies to survive in a hostile environment. Generation of extracellular polysaccharides has proved to be a simple but effective strategy against the host's innate immune system. A comparative genomics approach led us to identify a new protein family termed Stealth, most likely involved in the synthesis of extracellular polysaccharides. This protein family is characterized by a series of domains conserved across phylogeny from bacteria to eukaryotes. In bacteria, Stealth (previously characterized as SacB, XcbA, or WefC) is encoded by subsets of strains mainly colonizing multicellular organisms, with evidence for a protective effect against the host innate immune defense. More specifically, integrating all the available information about Stealth proteins in bacteria, we propose that Stealth is a D-hexose-1-phosphoryl transferase involved in the synthesis of polysaccharides. In the animal kingdom, Stealth is strongly conserved across evolution from social amoebas to simple and complex multicellular organisms, such as Dictyostelium discoideum, hydra, and human. Based on the occurrence of Stealth in most Eukaryotes and a subset of Prokaryotes together with its potential role in extracellular polysaccharide synthesis, we propose that metazoan Stealth functions to regulate the innate immune system. Moreover, there is good reason to speculate that the acquisition and spread of Stealth could be responsible for future epidemic outbreaks of infectious diseases caused by a large variety of eubacterial pathogens. Our in silico identification of a homologous protein in the human host will help to elucidate the causes of Stealth-dependent virulence. At a more basic level, the characterization of the molecular and cellular function of Stealth proteins may shed light on fundamental mechanisms of innate immune defense against microbial invasion.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1995

Identification of the fire blight pathogen, Erwinia amylovora, by PCR assays with chromosomal DNA.

Erwinia amylovora, the causative agent of fire blight, was identified independently from the common plasmid pEA29 by three different PCR assays with chromosomal DNA. PCR with two primers was performed with isolated DNA and with whole cells, which were directly added to the assay mixture. The oligonucleotide primers were derived from the ams region, and the PCR product comprised the amsB gene, which is involved in exopolysaccharide synthesis. The amplified fragment of 1.6 kb was analyzed, and the sequence was found to be identical for two E. amylovora strains. The identity of the PCR products was further confirmed by restriction analysis. The 1.6-kb signal was also used for detection of the fire blight pathogen in the presence of other plant-associated bacteria and in infected plant tissue. For further identification of isolated strains, the 16S rRNA gene of E. amylovora and other plant-associated bacteria was amplified and the products were digested with the restriction enzyme HaeIII. The pattern obtained for E. amylovora was different from that of other bacteria. The sequence of the 16S rRNA gene was determined from a cloned fragment and was found to be closely related to the sequences of Escherichia coli and other Erwinia species. Finally, arbitrarily primed PCR with a 17-mer oligonucleotide derived from the sequence of transposon Tn5 produced a unique banding pattern for all E. amylovora strains investigated. These methods expand identification methods for E. amylovora, which include DNA hybridization and a PCR technique based on plasmid pEA29.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed2006

Evaluation of a new chromogenic medium for isolation and identification of common urinary tract pathogens.

In the study presented here, a new chromogenic medium (CPS ID 3; bioMérieux, Marcy l'Etoile, France) was compared to routine media for the isolation, identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of bacteria recovered from urine specimens, and a cost analysis was performed. Escherichia coli, Proteeae tribe, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus spp. and Streptococcus agalactiae grew on the chromogenic medium as typical differentiated colonies and were accurately identified even in mixed cultures. Although the similarity of colors produced by isolates belonging to the Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Serratia and Citrobacter (KESC) group prevents differentiation among them, members of KESC were easily identified as coliforms. No substantial difference was observed when comparing the results of antimicrobial susceptibility testing performed on colonies selected from reference media versus CPS ID 3. Use of the new medium was associated with a savings of 75% over the conventional methods and the API system. Furthermore, this medium facilitated a remarkable reduction in the laboratory workload and consequently resulted in additional time and cost savings.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed2005

Optimisation of a 2-D gel electrophoresis protocol for the human-pathogenic fungus Aspergillus fumigatus.

Aspergillus fumigatus is the most important airborne fungal pathogen causing life-threatening infections in immunosuppressed patients. One of the important questions concerning A. fumigatus is the identification of pathogenicity determinants. To obtain a comprehensive overview about the proteins produced at different physiological conditions that are related to the infectious process a proteomic approach has been applied. Here, 2-D gel electrophoresis for filamentous fungi was optimised concerning removal of interfering compounds, protein extraction and separation methods. A trichloroacetic acid-based precipitation method of proteins with their subsequent solubilisation by the use of a combination of CHAPS with a second sulfobetaine detergent gave the best results. The optimised protocol was evaluated by the analysis of the proteomes of A. fumigatus grown on two different carbon sources, i.e., glucose and ethanol. Carbon catabolite repression has not been studied in detail at the protein level in A. fumigatus yet. In addition, growth on ethanol leads to activation of the glyoxylate cycle which was shown to be essential for pathogenesis in bacteria and fungi. In A. fumigatus, differential patterns of enzymes of the gluconeogenesis, glyoxylate cycle and ethanol degradation pathway during growth on glucose and ethanol were observed.

Aspergillus fumigatus↗
PubMed1996

Types and mechanisms of pulmonary atelectasis.

Atelectasis is one of the most commonly encountered abnormalities in chest radiology and remains a daily diagnostic challenge. At times atelectasis can be overlooked, particularly when pulmonary opacification is minimal or absent, and at other times it might be interpreted as being some other form of intrathoracic pathology, particularly pneumonia. The direct signs of atelectasis are crowded pulmonary vessels, crowded air bronchograms, and displacement of the interlobar fissures. Indirect signs of atelectasis are pulmonary opacification; elevation of the diaphragm; shift of the trachea, heart, and mediastinum; displacement of the hilus; compensatory hyperexpansion of the surrounding lung; approximation of the ribs; and shifting granulomas. For descriptive purposes, atelectasis can be divided into the following types: segmental, lobar, or whole lung; subsegmental; platelike, linear, or discoid; round; and generalized or diffuse. Resorption atelectasis is caused by resorption of alveolar air distal to obstructing lesions of the airways; adhesive atelectasis stems from surfactant deficiency; passive atelectasis is caused by simple pneumothorax, diaphragmatic dysfunction, or hypoventilation; compressive atelectasis is due to tension pneumothorax, space-occupying intrathoracic lesions, or abdominal distention; cicatrization atelectasis stems from pulmonary fibrosis; and gravity-dependent atelectasis is the result of gravity-dependent alterations in alveolar volume. Whenever signs of volume loss are present on a chest radiograph, the radiograph should be interpreted as showing atelectasis. By understanding the various mechanisms leading to atelectasis, and by considering the underlying conditions, the radiologist should be able to develop an appropriate list of the possible causes of atelectasis. The diagnosis of atelectatic pneumonia should be based upon the presence of clinical signs and symptoms of pneumonia coupled with the identification of pathogenic bacteria in sputum, tracheal aspirates, or protected bronchoalveolar lavage or bronchial brush specimens rather than on the radiographic identification of atelectasis alone.

Humans↗
PubMed2003

[Identification of Streptococcus species and Haemophilus influenzae by direct sequencing of PCR products from 16S-23S rRNA itergenic sacer regions].

To facilitate species level identification of bacteria without the requirement of presumptive identification, the paper describes a rapid identification method of bacteria by amplification and direct sequencing 16S-23S rDNA intergenic spacer regions (ISR) of the pathogens which cause the upper respiratory tract infective disease by Streptococcus and Haemophilus. Three pairs of primer targeting conserved sequences flanking the 3' end of 16S and the 5' end of 23S rRNA were used to amplify 16S~23S rRNA ISR of 7 streptococcus strains and 8 Haemophilus strains. The PCR products were separated by 1% agarose gel electrophoresis and the polymorphisms fragments were purified with the Wizard PCR Min-Prep Kit (Promega) and Protocol-SK131(Sangon). The nucleotide sequences of ISR inserts were determined by using the XEQTM DTCS Kitjj Terminator Cycle Sequencing and a CEQTM 2000XL DNA Analysis system (Backman Coulter) automatic DAN sequencer. Then those sequences were compared with known sequences on the GenBank. The alignment of nucleotide sequence, evolutionary distances and phylogenetic trees were analyzed by software DANMAN version 4.0. The PCR products were showed polymorphism patterns with agarose gel. One band was contained in streptococcus genus. The significant variation was found among the spacer sequences of different species in Streptococcus with the lengths of the spacer varying from 269 to 446 bp. All the ISR of the streptococcal species had a tRNA Ala gene in the spacer and the sequence identities varied from 78 to 88% within genera. It was found that some spacer sequence blocks were highly conserved between operons of a genome, whereas the presence of others was variable, three regions showed significant spatial variation. Most of the differences between the sequences came from several bases insertions/deletions and substitutions. There are two major bands in the Haemophilus biotypes (515 and 884 bp), the small ISR amplicon contained one tDNA coding for tRNA(Glu). In contrast to the large one contained two tRNA genes coding for tRAN(Ala) and tRNA(Ile). Two regions of repeating motifs with only A or T were present in higher copy numbers between tRAN(Ala) and tRNA(Ile). The phylogenetic trees varied from 97.5 to 98.8%. The PCR and direct sequencing of 16S-23S rRAN ISR were successful in the pathogen species identification.

English Abstract↗
PubMed2001

PCR-based detection and identification of Burkholderia cepacia complex pathogens in sputum from cystic fibrosis patients.

PCR amplification of the recA gene followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis was investigated for the rapid detection and identification of Burkholderia cepacia complex genomovars directly from sputum. Successful amplification of the B. cepacia complex recA gene from cystic fibrosis (CF) patient sputum samples containing B. cepacia genomovar I, Burkholderia multivorans, B. cepacia genomovar III, Burkholderia stabilis, and Burkholderia vietnamiensis was demonstrated. In addition, the genomovar identifications determined directly from sputum were the same as those obtained after selective culturing. Sensitivity experiments revealed that recA-based PCR could reliably detect B. cepacia complex organisms to concentrations of 10(6) CFU g of sputum(-1). To fully assess the diagnostic value of the method, sputum samples from 100 CF patients were screened for B. cepacia complex infection by selective culturing and recA-based PCR. Selective culturing identified 19 samples with presumptive B. cepacia complex infection, which was corroborated by phenotypic analyses. Of the culture-positive sputum samples, 17 were also detected directly by recA-based PCR, while 2 samples were negative. The isolates cultured from both recA-negative sputum samples were subsequently identified as Burkholderia gladioli. RFLP analysis of the recA amplicons revealed 2 patients (12%) infected with B. multivorans, 11 patients (65%) infected with B. cepacia genomovar III-A, and 4 patients (23%) infected with B. cepacia genomovar III-B. These results demonstrate the potential of recA-based PCR-RFLP analysis for the rapid detection and identification of B. cepacia complex genomovars directly from sputum. Where the sensitivity of the assay proves a limitation, sputum samples can be analyzed by selective culturing followed by recA-based analysis of the isolate.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Diabetic foot infections: stepwise medical and surgical management.

Foot complications are common among diabetic patients; foot ulcers are among the more serious consequences. These ulcers frequently become infected, with potentially disastrous progression to deeper spaces and tissues. If not treated promptly and appropriately, diabetic foot infections can become incurable or even lead to septic gangrene, which may require foot amputation. Diagnosing infection in a diabetic foot ulcer is based on clinical signs and symptoms of inflammation. Properly culturing an infected lesion can disclose the pathogens and provide their antibiotic susceptibilities. Specimens for culture should be obtained after wound debridement to avoid contamination and optimise identification of pathogens. Staphylococcus aureus is the most common isolate in these infections; the increasing incidence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus over the past two decades has further complicated antibiotic treatment. While chronic infections are often polymicrobial, many acute infections in patients not previously treated with antibiotics are caused by a single pathogen, usually a gram-positive coccus. We offer a stepwise approach to treating diabetic foot infections. Most patients must first be medically stabilised and any metabolic aberrations should be addressed. Antibiotic therapy is not required for uninfected wounds but should be carefully selected for all infected lesions. Initial therapy is usually empirical but may be modified according to the culture and sensitivity results and the patient's clinical response. Surgical intervention is usually required in cases of retained purulence or advancing infection despite optimal medical therapy. Possible additional indications for surgical procedures include incision and drainage of an abscess, debridement of necrotic material, removal of any foreign bodies, arterial revascularisation and, when needed, amputation. Most foot ulcers occur on the plantar surface of the foot, thus requiring a plantar incision for any drainage procedure.

Amputation, Surgical↗
PubMed2001

[26S rDNA D1/D2 domain sequence analysis of the pathogenic strain from the first case of disseminated trichosporonosis in China].

OBJECTIVE: To determine the large-subunit (26S) rDNA D1/D2 domain sequence of AS 2.217 4, the pathogenic strain from the first case of disseminated trichosporosis in China, and study the feasibility of applying DNA sequencing in rapid identification of pathogenic yeast. METHOD: The strain of Trichosporon (AS 2.2174) was collected from the skin lesion of a case of disseminated trichosporosis. Nuclear DNA was extracted from the cells of AS 2.2174 by a simplified protocol and the 26S rDNA D1/D2 domain was amplified by PCR. The PCR product was then directly sequenced with the ABI PRISM BigDye cycle sequencing kit. RESULTS: The 26S rDNA D1/D2 domain of strain AS 2.2174 was determined (GenBank accession number: AF337949). Comparison analysis indicated that the D1/D2 sequence of AS 2.2174 is identical with that of the type strain of Trichosporon asahii, and differs from those T. asteroides, T. faecale and T. coremiiforme in 3, 5 and 8 nucleotides, respectively. The latter three species are phenotypically indistinguishable from T. asashii. CONCLUSION: The strain AS 2.2174 was confirmed to belong to Trichosporon asahii. This species is the first record in China clinically and taxonomically. DNA sequencing shows an advantage in fast and accurate identification of clinically relevant yeast species.

Adult↗
PubMed2007

A subsystems-based approach to the identification of drug targets in bacterial pathogens.

This chapter describes a three-stage approach to target identification based upon subsystem analysis. Subsystems analysis focuses on related metabolic pathways as a unit and is a biochemically-informed approach to target selection. The process involves three stages of analysis; the first stage, selection of the target subsystem, is guided by information about its essentiality and on the predicted vulnerability of the targeted pathway or enzyme to inhibition. The second stage involves analysis of the target subsystem by means of comparative genomics, including genome context analysis and metabolic reconstruction. The third stage evaluates the selection of the specific target genes within the subsystem by target prioritization and validation. The whole process allows for a careful consideration of spectrum, drugability, biological rationale and the metabolic role of the specific target within the context of an integrated circuit within a specific metabolic pathway.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed2002

[Evaluation of usefulness for selected virulence markers for identifying pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica strains. IV. Genes myfA and ureC].

We check by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) the presence of gene ureC and myfA, encoding subunits of urease and Myf fimbriae, among clinical and food-originated strains of Yersinia to determine their usefulness as molecular virulence markers of Y. enterocolitica. The examinations were done on 130 clinical strains of Y. enterocolitica O:3/4 isolated in Poland from humans. All strains were obtained from stool and possessed the virulence plasmid pYV. In addition 40 isogenic, plasmid-cured strains were tested. The 52 strains including Y. enterocolitica (biotype 1A, 4, 2 and 1B), Y. pseudotuberculosis, Y. intermedia, Y. frederiksenii, Y. kristensenii, E. coli, Citrobatcer, Shigella and Salmonella were used as controls. The PCR assay resulted in detection of genes: ureC and myfA in genomic DNA of all 130 tested clinical strains of Y. enterocolitica pYV+, as well as in plasmid cured strains. Furthermore, ureC was found in all tested strains of Y. enterocolitica biotype A1 and in one strain of Y. intermedia and Y. kristensenii. In contrast to ureC, myfA was detected only in strains of Y. enterocolitica considered as pathogenic. Obtained results show, gene myfA seems to be the reliable virulence marker of Y. enterocolitica, whereas ureC is not recommended for identification of pathogenic strains of this species.

Antigens, Bacterial↗