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Results for “Weight Perception”

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PubMed1977

A weight illusion produced by lifting movements.

The perceived relative heaviness of objects was manipulated by instructing 13 subjects to lift them gently or vigorously, as was predicted by the motor theory of weight judgment and the known behavior of proprioceptors. The time-order error was shown to be significantly related to lifting movements.

Humans↗
PubMed1978

Lifted-weight difference thresholds as a function of hand.

A study was conducted to determine if the two hands of right-handers are differentially sensitive to changes in perceived weight. Using the method of limits, the left and right hands of 20 college students were tested at each of three reference weights: 90, 100, and 110 gm. Results indicated that, over-all, difference thresholds for the two hands were not reliably different, though a trend did emerge toward greater right-handed sensitivity to weight changes at smaller weights and greater left-handed sensitivity at greater weights.

Differential Threshold↗
PubMed1978

Simultaneous versus successive discrimination of weights: a neuroanatomical interpretation.

Using the Method of Constant Stimuli, difference limens were obtained for lifted weights of 50 to 200 gm. 184 college students were assigned to one of four experimental conditions resulting from the combination of two modes of stimulus presentation with whether the preferred or non-preferred hand was used to judge the standard weight. Simultaneous interhand judgments produced significantly larger Weber Ratios and more variable Constant Errors than were produced by Successive intrahand presentation. This was contrary to earlier work in the visual modality indicating that simultaneous stimulus presentation produced more sensitive discrimination than did successive. The results are interpreted in terms of the neural organization of tactile input.

Brain↗
PubMed1983

Sensitivity to proprioceptive feedback in obese subjects.

40 subjects, 20 obese and 20 normal, were run on a weight-discrimination task requiring judgments dependent on proprioceptive feedback. A signal-detection analysis was used to separate sensory factors from non-sensory, response-bias factors in the analysis of the discriminations. Obese subjects were inferior to normals in ability to make sensory discriminations; the largest differences occurred between obese and normal males. Obese subjects also adopted a more strict criterion (beta); the largest differences again occurred for male subjects. Obese subjects showed more variability in their sensory judgments, although there was a significant difference on only one of the 5 discrimination tasks. Results are discussed in terms of the internal-external explanation of obesity.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Accuracy of weightbearing at three target levels during bilateral upright stance in patients with neuropathic feet and control subjects.

The purposes of this study were to (1) describe errors in weightbearing at three target levels for patients with neuropathic feet and control subjects, (2) compare the absolute errors at the three target levels between groups, and (3) identify predictor variables of errors in weightbearing by the neuropathic group. The groups of 26 subjects were matched for age and height. Weightbearing was measured with digital scales while subjects attempted to adjust their weight through a designated lower extremity to each target level (25, 50, and 75% of body weight). Analysis of variance indicated no significant difference in the percentage weightbearing between groups at the three target levels. There was a significant difference in errors made in weightbearing by the groups at the three target levels. Mean errors ranged from 8.5 to 9.7% for the neuropathic group and from 2.4 to 6.6% for the control group. The findings cast doubt on the utility (in the absence of feedback) of requesting individuals, particularly those with neuropathic feet, to weightbear at specific target levels.

Body Weight↗
PubMed1991

Accuracy of weightbearing estimation by stroke versus healthy subjects.

This study was performed to describe and compare the accuracy of weightbearing at three target levels (25, 50, and 75% of body weight) of 14 ambulatory stroke subjects and 14 matched healthy subjects. Weightbearing through a designated lower extremity (stroke subjects-paretic, healthy subjects-randomly selected) was measured with digital scales. No significant difference was found in magnitude of weightbearing (%) between the stroke and healthy groups. Although making significantly greater errors in weightbearing than healthy subjects, stroke subjects did not consistently weightbear under target. Subjects with stroke tested in earlier studies were neither asked to stand symmetrically nor examined to judge whether they were capable of accepting the required weight through the paretic lower extremity. Before assuming that weightbearing asymmetry is a problem in patients with stroke, clinicians should examine weightbearing behavior more specifically.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Visual detection of body weight change in young women.

To assess whether small changes in body weight can be visually detected, college students (58 women and 42 men) were asked to select the less heavy person shown in two photographs for each of 33 young women. All of these women had been photographed twice in a standardized pose and attire, separated by an 8-wk. interval during which most of them lost weight. These pairs were presented in varying orders to control for the order and side of presentation. One photograph was reliably selected as the lighter person for 64% of the pairs, but the picture selected was in fact lighter only 57% of the time. The accuracy of selecting the lighter photograph was not correlated with the percent weight change for the person shown in the pairs of photographs. The results suggest that small changes in women's weight may not have a significant perceptual effect, particularly for male perceivers.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Influence of ball weight on junior high school girls' volleyball performance.

This study was designed to investigate the influence of a lighter ball (Tachikara Volley Lite) on 72 seventh-grade girls' tournament game play and pretest-to-posttest improvement for a 16-day volleyball practice period. Two intact classes were randomly assigned to groups, one of whom used lighter balls during skills progressions while a second used regulation balls. All students used regulation balls during tournament game play and skills tests. Both groups significantly improved the forearm pass from pretest to posttest. Analysis of covariance indicated no significant differences between groups on posttest means for any skill. A 2 x 6 (treatment x game day) analysis of variance indicated that the group practicing with lighter balls had significantly more correct sets and a higher average daily success rate for the set and underhand serve on game days than the group using a regulation ball.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Maximum acceptable weight of lift for asymmetric lifting.

10 undergraduate men were tested to determine the effects of lifting mode and frequency on psychophysically established maximum acceptable weight of lift for 4 hr. of work. The heart rate and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) of the individuals while lifting the maximum acceptable weight of lift were measured. When performing a 90 degrees asymmetric lifting, subjects lifted approximately 10% less weight than lifted in symmetric lifting. Nonsignificant differences in maximum acceptable weight of lift, heart rate, and RPE values were found between asymmetric lifting with trunk rotation and asymmetric lifting with leg rotation. The lifting frequency significantly affected the maximum acceptable weight of lift, heart rate, and RPE. Heart rate and RPE increased with lifting frequency. The maximum acceptable weight of lift at 2 lifts/min. and 4 lifts/min. were approximately 91.5% and 82.5% of that of 1 lift/ min., respectively.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Imbalance on the Weights Test and violence among delinquents.

This study forms part of a continuing series investigating the correlates of violent crime. The Weight Test, a measure of proprioceptive cognition, was administered to 41 community-retained Caucasian juvenile and adult male legal offenders whose offenses were rated for violence by the Violence Scale. As hypothesized, the Weight Test results were related to Violence Scale scores. Within four age ranges, offenders whose Weights Test scores suggested mild impairment, also had committed more violent offenses, in comparison with a combined group of those whose Weights scores suggested either: (a) no impairment or (b) moderate impairment. Reasons for the greater violence of the mildly impaired were sought within other studies of proprioceptive function as it relates to psychological disorder.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Handedness and psychophysics: weight and roughness.

A sample of 20 men (10 right-handed, 10 left-handed) was selected. Using the method of constant stimuli, the number of correct responses and the differential threshold for weight and roughness for both hands, were studied. The findings were: (1) In the weight test, the number of correct responses was greater and the differential threshold lower in the right-handed than in the left-handed subjects, and the preferred hand was superior to the nonpreferred hand for both groups; (2) In the roughness test, the number of correct responses was greater and the differential threshold lower for the nonpreferred hand. Implications of these findings with regard to our present knowledge of handedness organization are analyzed.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Magnitude estimation of contact force when objects with different shapes are applied passively to the fingerpad.

Stimuli with spherically curved surfaces were presented passively to the fingerpads of human subjects. There were 28 stimuli, consisting of all combinations of 4 different curvatures and 7 different contact forces; these were presented in random order. Subjects scaled their perceived magnitude of the contact force using magnitude estimation. Perceived force increased markedly with an increase in experimentally applied contact force. An increase in curvature resulted in a slight increase in perceived contact force. Thus, when humans are passively presented with objects changing in both shape and contact force, they are able to extract information about the force. Because of the passive nature of the task, all such information must be conveyed to the brain by the cutaneous mechanoreceptors.

Adult↗