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At least 523 records · Page 29Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Clinical and genetic features of Hungarian achromatopsia patients.

PURPOSE: To describe the clinical features and molecular genetic findings in a collection of Hungarian achromatopsia patients. METHODS: Twelve patients with congenital achromatopsia from nine Hungarian families were analyzed in this study. The patients underwent standard ophthalmological examination including detailed full-field electroretinography and color vision testing. In two patients, dark adaptation and spectral luminosity tests were also performed. PCR/RFLP analysis and DNA sequencing was applied for mutation screening of CNGA3 and CNGB3. Heterologous minigene expression was used to evaluate transcript splicing of a new intronic mutation in CNGB3. RESULTS: Mutations in CNGA3 were present in four families and mutations in CNGB3 in the remaining five families, including mutations known from Western European patient samples and two new CNGB3 mutations: c.112C>T/Gln38X and c.1663-5T>G. Heterologous expression in COS7 cells shows that the latter induces a splicing defect through the activation of a cryptic splice site 4 bases upstream of the genuine splice site. The patients presented with a clinical picture typical for congenital achromatopsia and there was no significant difference in the phenotype of subjects with either CNGA3 or CNGB3 mutations based on standard ophthalmological examination. However, we assume residual cone function in a subject homozygous for the Phe547Leu mutation in CNGA3 based on prior detailed psychophysical testing (i.e., dark adaptation and spectral luminosity). CONCLUSIONS: Mutations in CNGA3 and CNGB3 account for achromatopsia in Hungarian patients including known mutations and a few new CNGB3 mutations. While standard ophthalmological examination revealed a phenotype of complete achromatopsia, we show that thorough psychophysical testing can help to identify subjects with some minute cone function.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

A survey of color discrimination in German ophthalmologists. Changes associated with the use of lasers and operating microscopes.

Color vision tests were performed on 211 German ophthalmologists during their annual meeting at Essen. The subjects also answered detailed questionnaires about their use of lasers and operating microscopes, and their ocular and general health. It was found that 33% of doctors who use lasers or operating microscopes have decreased color discrimination for colors in a tritan color-confusion axis (greater than 2 standard deviations above normal). There is a relationship between number of patients treated and the degree of threshold elevation. Thirty hours of using the operating microscope produces an increase in tritan threshold equivalent to one panretinal photocoagulation.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Multiphasic health profiles of Navy divers.

A multiphasic medical screening program was conducted on 197 qualified U.S. Navy divers. For this cross-sectional study each individual passed through several phases of examination: personal background and history, personal medical history, psychological testing, physical examination, anthropometry, audiometry, blood chemistry and hematology, pulmonary function tests, electrocardiography, roentgenography, and vision testing. The data are presented in a descriptive format. The results of most of the examinations were normal. However, decrements in auditory function were observed at low and high frequencies. Values for several pulmonary function tests were high in comparison to those reported in the general population. Obesity was prevalent as determined by clinical examination and anthropometric measurements. These findings suggest the feasibility of incorporating data from comprehensive periodic medical surveillance of occupational diving populations into longitudinal investigations of diver health.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Examination of confusion loci in acquired color vision deficiency with surface color].

Miscellaneous color vision tests were performed on 66 eyes in 46 acquired blue-yellow deficiency cases, in which the deficiency resembled congenital tritanopia. The confusion loci converged at a point on the short wavelength side of the spectrum in central chorioretinopathy, diabetic retinopathy, branch retinal vein occlusion, retinal pigmentary degeneration, and macular degeneration. However, the confusion loci of glaucoma differed from those of the other 5 diseases of the retina. They crossed the purple boundary, showing a unique tendency among the diseases exhibiting acquired blue-yellow deficiency. In these diseases, except in chorioretinopathy, no correlation was observed between visual acuity, visual field and color confusion.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Age and visual impairment decrease driving performance as measured on a closed-road circuit.

In this study the effects of visual impairment and age on driving were investigated and related to visual function. Participants were 139 licensed drivers (young, middle-aged, and older participants with normal vision, and older participants with ocular disease). Driving performance was assessed during the daytime on a closed-road driving circuit. Visual performance was assessed using a vision testing battery. Age and visual impairment had a significant detrimental effect on recognition tasks (detection and recognition of signs and hazards), time to complete driving tasks (overall course time, reversing, and maneuvering), maneuvering ability, divided attention, and an overall driving performance index. All vision measures were significantly affected by group membership. A combination of motion sensitivity, useful field of view (UFOV), Pelli-Robson letter contrast sensitivity, and dynamic acuity could predict 50% of the variance in overall driving scores. These results indicate that older drivers with either normal vision or visual impairment had poorer driving performance compared with younger or middle-aged drivers with normal vision. The inclusion of tests such as motion sensitivity and the UFOV significantly improve the predictive power of vision tests for driving performance. Although such measures may not be practical for widespread screening, their application in selected cases should be considered.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Color vision defects in early diabetic retinopathy.

Four color vision tests were used to assess color vision in 51 insulin-dependent diabetic patients and 41 normal controls. Right and left eyes of diabetic patients, selected because they had minimal retinopathy, had significantly more color vision defects than controls on Lanthony desaturated D-15, Farnsworth-Munsell 100-Hue, and chromagraph tests. The 100-Hue scores were significantly higher in both right and left eyes of diabetic patients than in controls. There were no significant associations between presence or absence of a color vision defect and age, sex, age at onset, duration of diabetes, or its metabolic control.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Distance alternate-letter suppression test for objective assessment of sensorial status in intermittent exotropia.

PURPOSE: To investigate the value of distance alternate-letter suppression testing in the objective assessment of fusional control of intermittent exotropia. METHODS: A total of 71 consecutive patients with intermittent exotropia (study group) and 112 normal subjects (control group) underwent a series of measurements including distance alternate-letter suppression testing, Worth 4 Dot test at distance and near, and distance and near stereo acuity tests to see whether sensorial behavior differed in the study and control groups. The distance alternate-letter suppression test and distance stereo acuity tests were performed using the Mentor B-VAT II-SG Video Acuity Tester and Binocular Vision Testing System. The TNO test was used to measure near stereo acuity. RESULTS: Seventeen patients with intermittent exotropia (24%) presented suppression with the distance alternate-letter suppression test, but none of the normal subjects (p<0.001, chi2 test). Only, three patients (4%) showed suppression on the Worth 4 Dot test at distance, and all had fusion on the Worth 4 Dot test near. Patients with intermittent exotropia had significantly diminished distance stereo acuity compared to normal subjects (p<0.001). Normal subjects and patients had good near stereo acuity (p>0.05). Patients with intermittent exotropia who had fusion with the distance alternate-letter suppression test had significantly better distance stereo acuity than patients who had suppression (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Distance alternate-letter suppression testing and distance stereo acuity tests may be useful as objective measures for assessing sensory loss in patients with intermittent exotropia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Color vision after laser in situ keratomileusis.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) on color vision. SETTING: Department of Ophthalmology, China Medical College Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan. METHOD: This prospective study comprised consecutive patients having LASIK. Patients were eligible for inclusion if they had a best corrected visual acuity of 20/20 or better and a normal color vision test preoperatively and an uncorrected near visual acuity of 20/40 or better postoperatively. Color vision was tested using the Farnsworth-Munsell 100-hue test (FM 100 test) preoperatively and 1 day, 1 week, and 1 month postoperatively. RESULTS: Twenty-nine eyes of 15 patients having LASIK were enrolled in the study. The mean patient age was 29.2 years +/- 2.9 (SD). The mean preoperative spherical equivalent refractive error was -5.6 +/- 1.8 diopters, and the mean preoperative error score of the FM 100 test was 3.79 +/- 1.55. After surgery, no significant change in the error score was observed at 1 day (4.30 +/- 1.07, P =.1039, paired t test), 1 week (3.72 +/- 1.25, P =.8125, paired t test), or 1 month (3.97 +/- 1.29, P =.6149, paired t test). CONCLUSION: Laser in situ keratomileusis did not affect color vision evaluated by the FM 100 test.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Peripheral cone contrast sensitivity in glaucoma.

Colour vision tests for detection of glaucomatous damage frequently suffer from two problems: most tests are confined to foveal vision, whereas defects tend to appear first extrafoveally; and the modulation directions in colour space are not optimal. This paper deals with peripheral testing à la Yu, Falcao-Reis, Spileers and Arden [(1991) Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science, 32, 2779-2789], and investigates whether there are modulation directions that show preferential sensitivity reduction in glaucoma. In 14 eyes with early glaucoma, 17 risk eyes and 10 normals, 12 deg peripheral colour contrast thresholds were determined for L, M, S, L-M and L+M test directions. Threshold elevations were correlated in all test directions, with S modulation yielding the largest elevations.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Parallel-testing infinity balance. Instrument and technique for the parallel testing of binocular vision.

Routine refraction involves a series of tests during which changes carried out in the latter part of the routine may alter parameters already considered to have been fixed. These earlier parameters, although thought to have been fixed, are therefore not always valid. No binocular testing device is presently available which allows the practitioner to be aware of how the changing of one parameter affects the others. The Parallel-Testing Infinity Balance (PTIB) has been designed to provide that tool. It is an adaptation of the Turville Infinity Balance. It has the potential for binocular balancing, including suppression, astigmatic distortion, image size and shape variation, and vertical and horizontal imbalances. There follows a discussion of its design and use.

Accommodation, Ocular↗
PubMed1994

Distance stereopsis in orthophores, heterophores, and intermittent strabismics.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the value of clinical testing of distance stereopsis. Distance stereopsis was assessed with the Mentor Binocular Vision Testing System (B-VAT) system for 45 patients with ocular deviations of 6 delta or more at distance (heterophoria and intermittent strabismus) and for 36 patients with orthophoria. On the average, distance stereopsis was better for patients with the smaller ocular deviations than for those with the larger ocular deviations. The mean distance stereoacuities, both contour and global, for the orthophores were 53 and 81 sec arc, for the heterophores 93 and 100 sec arc, and for the intermittent strabismics 95 and 169 sec arc. Although the average size of the deviation at distance and near for the heterophoric and strabismic patients was nearly the same, distance stereopsis tended to be poorer than near stereopsis. There was a significant difference between the proportion of orthophores and the proportion of intermittent strabismics exhibiting distance stereopsis with both contour and global stereo targets (p < 0.05).

Adolescent↗