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Low vision rehabilitation: vision requirements for driving.

Driving requires several different sets of abilities, the interaction of which is complex. The combination of these factors, rather than any single factor alone, may make it inadvisable to issue a driver's license. Although vision is the predominant source of information for the driver, visual abilities are only one of the factors to be considered when judging the overall driving ability of an applicant. The final determination can only be made through on-the-road evaluation and cannot be based on the evaluation of vision alone. Individual evaluations should include a review of the past driving record and of nonvisual driving-related abilities, as well as observation of on-the-road performance by a qualified driving instructor or driving evaluator.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

Eccentric viewing training and low vision aids: current practice and implications of peripheral retinal research.

Macular degeneration results in more new cases of legal blindness in the United States than any other disease and accounts for over 165,000 first visits to physicians each year. Magnification, illumination control, and eccentric viewing training are the only documented, effective vision rehabilitation techniques known. Magnification has been used for decades, control of illumination has had a known effect for many years, and eccentric viewing training has been systematically used for less than 10 years. These techniques, although having demonstrated efficacy, require extensive individual patient training and a considerable investment of professional training time for optimum results. More recently developed techniques use prism correction for near and distance viewing or scanning laser ophthalmoscopy for training. Current knowledge of peripheral retinal function offers new avenues of research to improve upon current rehabilitation techniques. Computer technology also offers the hope of developing easily used, cost-effective materials and equipment to train the patient to use the peripheral retina in place of the damaged/diseased macula. In this paper, we examine current and emerging rehabilitation techniques and highlight some areas of research that hold promise of improving rehabilitation practices for patients having central visual field losses.

Audiovisual Aids↗

Fonda-Anderson reading chart for normal and low vision.

The purpose of our chart is to show all scientific and practical demands for near-vision testing. Comparable notations of measurement of visual acuity are explained, and the method of conversion from different notations is presented. One side of the chart has continuous, informative text in eight sizes progressing from 4 point to 24 point. The reverse side of the chart shows eight methods for testing visual acuity, namely: samples of the telephone directory, music, words, numbers, symbols, and a reduced distant chart. This side of the chart is designed especially for testing the vision of the partially sighted patient. The type size is designated using five methods of measurements.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗