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At least 523 records · Page 29Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

[Drugs against human cytomegalovirus].

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infects about 60% of adults in developed world and more than 90% of developing countries population. In the immunocompetent host, initial infection and reactivation of latent infection are usually asymptomatic. However, in hosts with impaired cellular immune functions, such as transplant recipients, patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or undergoing anticancer chemo- and/or radiotherapy, the full pathogenic potential of the virus may be realized. HCMV is also among the most common causes of viral intrauterine infection affecting from 0.4 to 2.3% of live-born infants. Though in pregnant, immunocompetent women infections with HCMV are usually asymptomatic, severe infections may occur among congenitally infected fetuses and infants due to immaturity of their immune system. Approximately 40% of mothers with primary HCMV infections during gestation transmit virus to their infants. Although only 10% of infected infants are symptomatic at birth, 20 to 30% of these die. In addition, 5 to 15% of asymptomatic neonates are at risk of developing congenital anomalies later. In this outline we present anti-CMV drugs currently in clinical use and give examples of new molecules under laboratory and clinical development.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed2003

Isolated foot ulcer complicating acute leukemia: an unusual manifestation of herpes simplex virus infection simulating pyoderma gangrenosum.

An isolated foot ulcer developed in a child with newly diagnosed acute mixed lineage leukemia during induction chemotherapy. Despite its clinical resemblance to pyoderma gangrenosum, herpes simplex virus infection was eventually diagnosed on histopathology. Treatment with oral acyclovir was ineffective, but the ulcer healed with intravenous acyclovir followed by oral valaciclovir. Viral infection remains an unusual but important cause of isolated extragenital cutaneous ulceration in the immunocompromised child.

Acyclovir↗
PubMed2004

Kaposi's varicelliform eruption: a case report and review of the literature.

Disseminated herpes or vaccinia in the setting of underlying skin diseases is known as Kaposi's varicelliform eruption (KVE). Patients typically present with disseminated vesicopustules in the areas of the most severe involvement of their underlying skin disease. We report a case of eczema herpeticum in a woman with a long-standing history of atopic dermatitis (AD). This report also reviews the literature on eczema herpeticum and eczema vaccinatum (EV), summarizes clinical and histopathologic characteristics and treatment, and discusses the recommendations of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for smallpox vaccination.

2-Aminopurine↗
PubMed2004

Therapeutic options for herpes labialis, I: Oral agents.

Given the prevalence of herpes labialis, effective therapy has the potential to affect the lives of many and presents a challenge for clinicians. Over the last several years, most of the focus of herpes research has been on the treatment of genital herpes. Recently, however, several studies have been published examining the efficacy of therapies specifically for herpes labialis. Several therapeutic agents, both prescription and over-the-counter, are available for controlling and managing the disease. In this series of articles, we review oral and topical therapeutic agents that are available in the treatment of herpes labialis and its associated symptoms. This article will review oral treatment options.

2-Aminopurine↗
PubMed2004

Prevention of herpes simplex virus type 2 transmission with antiviral therapy.

Worldwide, herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infection is the biggest cause of genital ulcer disease, and is responsible for the majority of cases of genital herpes. The risk of transmitting genital herpes to a partner is one of the leading causes of psychological distress for those with the disease. Antiviral compounds available for the treatment of genital herpes are known to reduce clinical recurrence rates and HSV shedding. This understanding provided impetus for a randomized, placebo-controlled study to assess the ability to interrupt transmission of HSV using oral valaciclovir therapy (500 mg, once daily). The study enrolled 1484 immunocompetent, heterosexual, monogamous couples in stable relationships where both partners were aware of the source partner's infection and the source partner had symptomatic genital herpes. Valaciclovir reduced the risk of transmitting HSV-2 infection by 48%. Furthermore, valaciclovir reduced the risk of clinical disease in the susceptible partner by 75%. As a result, the International Herpes Management Forum (IHMF) now recommends that physicians offer suppressive valaciclovir therapy to immunocompetent individuals concerned about transmitting genital herpes to a heterosexual partner, and advises safer sex behaviour, including the use of condoms, to prevent genital herpes transmission.

Acyclovir↗
PubMed2004

[Preparation of valaciclovir loaded bovine serum albumin nanoparticles surface-modified with glycyrrhizin and its characteristics of targeting to liver].

The valaciclovir was used as the model drug, the bovine serum albumin nanoparticles (BSA-NP) were prepared by desolvation process. Glycyrrhizin (GL) was oxidized by sodium periodate to be conjugated to surface reactive amino groups (SRAG) of the VACV-BSA-NP. Gel filtration method combined with HPLC method verified that GL was covalent coupling to the surface of VACV-BSA-NP with mean 9 GL residues per albumin molecule. The mean diameter of the VACV-BSA-NP-GL was 268 +/- 23 nm, the drug loading was 1.35%, and embedding ratio was 68.76%. The characteristics of release in vitro were in accord with two-phase kinetics. The uptake amount of VACV-BSA-NP-GL by primary cultured rat hepatocytes in vitro was higher, compared to the control-VACV-BSA-NP. 69.89% and 64.82% of the VACV were concentrated in liver at 15 min after i.v. VACV-BSA-NP-GL and VACV-BSA-NP, respectively. There is a significant difference between surface-modified group and control group (P<0.10). VACV-BSA-NP-GL was successfully prepared, which is considered to be a novel drug delivery system for targeting to hepatocytes.

Acyclovir↗
PubMed2004

ACOG practice bulletin: Clinical management guidelines for obstetrician-gynecologists, number 57, November 2004. Gynecologic herpes simplex virus infections.

Both herpes simplex virus (HSV) type I and HSV type 2 can cause genital herpes. Because the infection is chronic, genital herpes has become the most common sexually transmitted disease among women. The prevalence of the HSV-2 antibody among women in the United States is 26%, although genital herpes has been diagnosed in only a small proportion (10-25%) of individuals with HSV-2 antibodies. Herpes simplex virus type I is becoming a more frequent cause of genital herpes, especially among young women. Overall,HSV-I seroprevalence in the United States is estimated at 67%, although sero-logic data do not provide information about site of infection. Recent advances in diagnostic methods and therapeutic options are likely to change the management of genital herpes.

2-Aminopurine↗