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At least 523 records · Page 29Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Tissue engineering skin flaps: which vascular carrier, arteriovenous shunt loop or arteriovenous bundle, has more potential for angiogenesis and tissue generation?

This study was designed to clarify which vascular carrier, the arteriovenous shunt loop or the arteriovenous bundle, has more potential as a vascular carrier for an artificial skin flap in rats. An arteriovenous shunt loop was constructed between the femoral artery and vein using an interpositional artery (group I) or vein (group II) graft. For arteriovenous bundle groups, the femoral artery and vein were used and subdivided into two groups: distal ligation type (group III) and flow-through type (group IV). The vascular pedicle was wrapped with an artificial dermis and implanted beneath the inguinal skin for 4 weeks. For the control group, a folded sheet of artificial dermis without any vascular carrier was embedded. In experiment 1, the volumes of generated tissue within the artificial dermis were measured in the experimental and control groups (n = 5 in each group). In experiment 2, the origin of new blood vessels sprouting from the arteriovenous shunt loop and arteriovenous bundle were evaluated histologically. The volume of generated tissue in the shunt groups was significantly greater than that in the bundle groups (p < 0.01). However, the bundle groups also showed a great potential for producing new tissue. Serial histological studies showed that new capillaries were derived not only from the vasa vasorum of the femoral vessels but directly from the femoral vein in both the shunt and the bundle groups. This "sprouting" was extensively exhibited in the group III. Although the arteriovenous shunt loop showed a greater potential for producing new tissue and capillaries, the distal ligation type of bundle was thought to be an effective and practical vascular carrier for producing a tissue-engineered skin flap.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗
PubMed1990

A case of sclerosing lymphangitis of the lip.

A 62-year-old woman noted a cord-like swelling on the inner surface of her upper lip. A cross-section of the lesion showed a radial-shaped lumen surrounded by a thickened fibrous wall. Immunohistochemical staining with the anti-factor VIII-related antigen (FVIII-RAg) antibody was negative on the luminal surface and swollen wall, although the vasa vasorum in the swollen wall were positive. The lesion was thus considered to be of lymphatic origin; that is, it derived from a lymphatic collecting vessel. For the present case, the term 'lymphangiopathia obliterans' is considered appropriate. This is the second report of such a lesion appearing on the lip in the literature.

Antigens↗
PubMed1998

Chemical and lectin-gold electron microscopical studies of the expression of the Galalpha1-determinant in the pig aorta.

In the xenotransplantation research field, pig aortic endothelial cells are frequently used in different model systems, e.g., for the study of the xenoantibody-antigen reaction. The Gal(alpha1),3Gal determinant is the major target for human xenoreactive antibodies in pig tissue. Characterisation of the Gal(alpha1)- distribution in pig aortic endothelial cells is thus important for understanding the reaction occurring at the endothelial cells during the xenorejection. We have determined the complete structure of the major Gal(alpha1),3Gal terminated glycolipid, Gal(alpha1),3nLc4Cer. Structural studies were performed on isolated glycosphingolipids by mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy. The results show a predominance of the pentasaccharide among the Gal(alpha1)-terminated glycolipids but also the presence of several Gal(alpha1)-terminated glycolipids with extended carbohydrate core chains. Ultrastructural localisation of the Galalpha1-antigen in pig aorta was done by lectin-gold electron microscopic studies of aortic wall sections using the Griffonia simplicifolia isolectin B4. Gal(alpha1)-determinants are predominantly localised on the luminal surface of pig aortic endothelial cells and endothelial cells of vasa vasorum and, to a lesser extent, vascular subendothelium.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Hypothesis: ischaemic plaque necrosis as the initiator of unstable angina/acute myocardial infarction?

1. Coronary atherosclerotic plaque complications are important in precipitating acute coronary events such as unstable angina and myocardial infarction. 2. The hypothesis is put forward that plaque complications are initiated by increases in local coronary artery tone sufficient to cut off the vasa vasorum blood supply to the plaque and result in its ischaemic necrosis.

Angina Pectoris↗
PubMed1981

Coarctation of the abdominal aorta--case report with autopsy.

An autopsy case of coarctation of the abdominal aorta incidentally found in an 80-year-old male was presented. The stenotic lesion extended below the level of renal artery to the bifurcation and showed elongated hypoplastic type. Histological examination revealed adventitial fibrosis, vasa vasorum with occlusive change, degeneration and disappearance of the medial elastic fibers, and initial fibrosis. These features of lesser degree could also be found in the rest portion of the aorta and its branching arteries. It seemed reasonable to speculate that the inflammatory process worked on as the etiologic factor in the present case. The microscopic features had some resemblance to Takayasu's disease, but the macroscopic figures were quite unusual for it. Etiological possibility of aortitis in the present case was discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

A morphological study of dissecting aneurysm of aorta in old individuals over 50 years of age.

The authors have investigated the pathogenesis of dissecting aneurysms morphologically in 49 cases over 50 years of age, using 93 cases of other diseases in the same age group as control cases. All cases were autopsied at the Tokyo-to Medical Examiner Office. The dissecting aneurysms were divided into two types: one type occurred chiefly at the ascending aorta where atherosclerosis was missing or slight, and the other type chiefly at the descending aorta with severe atherosclerosis of the intima. In the former type, intimal tears were recognized in all cases and microscopically in the neighboring area of the cleft of aortic wall vacuolous large cyst without accumulation of metachromatic ground substance. Near the cyst, elastic lamellae were destroyed and the vasa vasorum was generally thickened, and multiple dissecting hemorrhages were observed. In the latter type, even when the intimal tears were not obvious, microscope revealed crumbled atheroma and bleeding in the intima or bleeding within the atheroma. The dissecting bleeding continued from it. Moreover, since enlargement of heart was observed in most cases, hypertension was thought to be an important factor among the predisposing factors in the pathogenesis of dissecting bleeding of the aorta.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1992

Spontaneous rupture of aortic arch through an atheromatous plaque resulting in pseudoaneurysm.

An autopsy case of spontaneous rupture of aortic arch through an atheromatous plaque which resulted in pseudoaneurysm is reported. The aorta was involved by severe atherosclerosis with scattered calcifications over the entire surface, and there was a fusiform aneurysm protruding from a transmural tear in the aortic arch. Histopathologically, no evidence of dissection or inflammatory change was noted in the aorta, and no histologic component of the aortic media was observed in the aneurysmal wall. However, degenerative change of cystic and laminar medial necrosis were recognized near the ruptured site. Such localized degenerative change was considered to be caused by circulatory disturbance which originated from disruption of the vasa vasorum due to aortic rupture.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

Light and electron microscopy of polytetrafluoroethylene arterial grafts in dogs.

Reinforced expanded polytetrafluoroethylene grafts with fibril lengths of approximately 17 to 25 micrometers were inserted into the infrarenal aorta of dogs for periods ranging from 24 hours to eight months. The grafts were studied by light and electron microscopy, which showed that polytetrafluoroethylene consists of ridges or nodes connected by fibrils. Initially red blood cells passed down in the pores of the polytetrafluoroethylene, and then the surface was covered with fibrin. A new endothelium developed by the twelfth day. The new intimal lining became thicker owing to the appearance of smooth muscle cells deep to the endothelial cells, forming a neointima 120 micrometers thick by eight months. Fibroblasts and collagen penetrated the graft, but vasa vasorum did not, although they were present in the external connective tissue.

Animals↗
PubMed1962

Response of normal, denervated, and reserpine-treated arteries to sympathomimetic amines and nicotine in dogs.

The sensitivity of normal, denervated carotid arterial segments, and of carotid arteries of dogs previously treated with reserpine, to sympathomimetic amines and nicotine has been compared using isolated perfused segments of these vessels. Arteries from animals and arterial segments treated with reserpine, denervated by peri-arterial stripping or by re-anastomosing of segments removed and reversed, both showed an increased sensitivity to noradrenaline which correlated well with a decrease in tissue noradrenaline content. Tyramine did not produce vasoconstriction in denervated vessels, but some constriction was observed when the vessels had been pretreated with noradrenaline or with dopamine or dopa. The effect of nicotine upon dog carotid arterial segments was recorded 130 times. The most frequent response was vasodilatation. This involved both the arterial wall per se and the vasa vasorum. The vasodilatation in response to nicotine was seen in arteries from normal and reserpine-treated animals and in denervated vessels.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Heterogeneity of neurogenic responses in intra- and extrameningeal arteries of dogs.

1. Neurogenic responses to transmural electrical stimulation were examined in endothelium-denuded extrameningeal (vertebral and carotid) and intrameningeal (spinal, basilar and middle cerebral) arteries isolated from dogs. 2. In the extrameningeal arteries, transmural electrical stimulation produced a phasic contraction. This contraction was abolished by tetrodotoxin, prazosin and guanethidine. However, alpha,beta-methylene ATP and NG-nitro-L-arginine (L-NOARG) had no significant effect on the contractile responses. 3. In the intrameningeal arteries, the neurogenic responses to electrical stimulation were composed of a transient contraction and relaxation. The transient contraction was selectively inhibited by guanethidine L-NOARG abolished the relaxation but not the contraction induced by electrical stimulation. Prazosin had no effect on either neurogenic response. 4. Noradrenaline produced a large contraction in the extrameningeal arteries which was selectively inhibited by prazosin. alpha,beta-Methylene ATP produced neither contraction nor inhibition of the response to noradrenaline in the extrameningeal arteries. 5. In the intrameningeal arteries, alpha,beta-methylene ATP produced a greater contraction than noradrenaline. The response to alpha,beta-methylene ATP was selectively abolished by desensitization of P2x-purinoceptors with alpha,beta-methylene ATP itself. The contractile response to noradrenaline was inhibited by rauwolscine but not by prazosin. 6. ATP produced endothelium-dependent relaxations in the extrameningeal and intrameningeal arteries, which were attenuated by endothelium removal. 7. NADPH diaphorase-positive fibres were dense in the middle cerebral and basilar arteries but rare or absent in the spinal artery. In the extrameningeal arteries diaphorase-positive traces were observed in the vasa vasorum. 8. The present findings indicate that the neurogenic responses of intrameningeal arteries of dogs are composed of NO-ergic and sympathetic purinergic components, while the extrameningeal arteries tested produced only sympathetic adrenergic responses, suggesting that regional heterogeneity may be associated with a sudden transition in innervation and receptor expression at the meninx.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1987

Exercise-induced pulmonary haemorrhage in the horse: results of a detailed clinical, post mortem and imaging study. IV. Changes in the bronchial circulation demonstrated by C.T. scanning and microradiography.

The purpose of this study was to use radiographic contrast techniques and special imaging methods to identify and high-light bronchial arterial involvement in lung lesions associated with exercise-induced pulmonary haemorrhage (EIPH) in horses. The lungs from four horses with histories of EIPH were prepared for computerised tomographic scanning and microradiography by perfusing the broncho-oesophageal artery with a mixture of red latex and either barium or iodine contrast materials while the pulmonary supply received only blue latex. Computerised tomographic scan slices of the prepared inflated lungs were obtained from the caudal tip of the lung to the hilus. Microradiography of selected lung slices was also performed on a Faxitron. Diffuse areas of increased density, with preferential bronchial arterial supply noted on the computerised tomographic scans were confirmed by microradiography. Dense focal and diffuse plexuses of markedly hypertrophied and highly branched bronchial arterial networks were identified, centred around certain small airways. The vascular supply to these plexuses was recruited predominantly from neighbouring bronchial vessels, and in some cases, from the enlarged vasa vasorum of pulmonary arteries sending anastomoses to the affected areas. The authors conclude that bronchial vascular lesions in EIPH cases are the likely origin of haemorrhage; that small airway disease is the probable initiating stimulus for bronchial vascular proliferation in these lesions; and that the morphology and nature of the neovascular tissue in these lesions provides the conditions leading to haemorrhage in the lungs of horses with EIPH.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Computational analysis of coupled blood-wall arterial LDL transport.

The transport of macromolecules, such as low density lipoproteins (LDLs), across the artery wall and their accumulation in the wall is a key step in atherogenesis. Our objective was to model fluid flow within both the lumen and wall of a constricted, axisymmetric tube simulating a stenosed artery, and to then use this flow pattern to study LDL mass transport from the blood to the artery wall. Coupled analysis of lumenal blood flow and transmural fluid flow was achieved through the solution of Brinkman's model, which is an extension of the Navier-Stokes equations for porous media. This coupled approach offers advantages over traditional analyses of this problem, which have used possibly unrealistic boundary conditions at the blood-wall interface; instead, we prescribe a more natural pressure boundary condition at the adventitial vasa vasorum, and allow variations in wall permeability due to the occurrence of plaque. Numerical complications due to the convection dominated mass transport process (low LDL diffusivity) are handled by the streamline upwind/Petrov-Galerkin (SUPG) finite element method. This new fluid-plus-porous-wall method was implemented for conditions typical of LDL transport in a stenosed artery with a 75 percent area reduction (Peclet number=2 x 10(8)). The results show an elevated LDL concentration at the downstream side of the stenosis. For the higher Darcian wall permeability thought to occur in regions containing atheromatous lesions, this leads to an increased transendothelial LDL flux downstream of the stenosis. Increased transmural filtration in such regions, when coupled with a concentration-dependent endothelial permeability to LDL, could be an important contributor to LDL infiltration into the arterial wall. Experimental work is needed to confirm these results.

Arteries↗
PubMed2000

Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) in temporal arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the localisation of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) in the inflamed vessel wall in temporal arteritis (TA) and to measure MCP-1 in plasma both in patients with TA and patients with polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR). METHODS: By immunohistochemical techniques MCP-1 was localised to the vessel wall in patients with TA. In TA, PMR, and healthy controls MCP-1 was quantified by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in plasma. RESULTS: MCP-1 was localised to the majority of mononuclear cells, some smooth muscle cells, and giant cells in the arterial biopsy specimens from 12 patients with histologically verified TA. In all sections, including the vasa vasorum, the endothelium stained positive. In the intima 73% (range 57-91%), in the media 49% (range 32-67%), and in the adventitia 74% (range of 62-91%) of all cells stained positive. In plasma MCP-1 was significantly raised in untreated TA (n=33) and untreated PMR (n=27) compared with healthy controls (n=12). Untreated TA plasma levels of MCP-1 (mean 391 pg/ml (range 82-778 pg/ml)) were similar to untreated PMR plasma levels (mean 402 pg/ml (range 29-1153 pg/ml)), and no significant difference was found between the two groups of patients. In both patients with TA and patients with PMR no correlation was found between the plasma level of MCP-1 and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate, haemoglobin concentration, and CD4/CD8 ratio. CONCLUSIONS: These results show that MCP-1 plays a part in the disease processes of TA and PMR.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Human coronary morphology after beta radiation brachytherapy of in-stent restenosis.

This case report discusses the human coronary morphological findings 18 hours after brachytherapy (beta radiation) of an in-stent restenosis. Brachytherapy produced aseptic inflammation of the periadventitial connective tissue integrating the vasa vasorum in the acute phase. The stent neointima eight months after stenting and acutely 18 hours after radiation consisted of the same cellular components as human stent neointima of specimen not additionally treated with radiation. No evidence of necrosis or excessive fibrotic alterations of the arterial vessel wall have been found.

Beta Particles↗
PubMed2004

Localisation of members of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family and their receptors in human atherosclerotic arteries.

BACKGROUND: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mediates endothelial cell mitogenesis and enhances vascular permeability. The existence of single or multiple VEGF isoforms and receptors suggests that these proteins may have overlapping but distinct functions, which may be reflected in their cell expression and distribution. METHODS: The localisation of VEGFs A-C and their receptors (VEGFRs 1-3, respectively) in 30 fresh human atherosclerotic arteries, 15 normal uterine arteries, and 15 saphenous veins using immunohistochemistry and western blotting. RESULTS: Saphenous veins showed no staining for VEGF-B or VEGFR-2. Smooth muscle cells (SMCs) showed the strongest staining for VEGF-A, VEGF-B, VEGFR-1, and VEGFR-2 in all specimens. Conversely, VEGFR-3 and VEGF-C were predominantly localised to the endothelial vasa vasorum in normal arteries, whereas medial SMCs showed the strongest staining in atherosclerotic arteries. Western blotting showed variations in VEGF protein localisation, with lower amounts of VEGF-B and VEGF-C in saphenous veins, compared with arterial tissue. Amounts of VEGF-C were lower than those of VEGF-A and VEGF-B in all specimens. CONCLUSION: This study provides direct evidence of the presence of VEGF proteins and receptors in human physiology and pathology, with variations in both the amounts of VEGF proteins expressed and their cellular distribution in normal arteries compared with atherosclerotic arteries. The presence of VEGFs A-C and their receptors in normal arterial tissue implies that VEGF functions may extend beyond endothelial cell proliferation. Reduced VEGFR-2 staining in atherosclerotic arteries may have implications for the atherosclerosis process and the development of vascular disease and its complications.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

Pulmonary and systemic aneurysms in a case of widespread arteritis.

A patient in whom asthma preceded the development of multiple pulmonary and systemic artery aneurisms died after dissection of the aorta. At necropsy he was found to have widespread arteritis of unknown aetiology affecting many large and medium-sized pulmonary and systemic vessels as well as a few microscopic ones. Endarteritis obliterans was present in some of the vasa vasorum. The clinical and histopathological findings are discussed in relationship to other known causes of arteritis, and it is concluded that this condition has not previously been described.

Aneurysm↗
PubMed1986

Takayasu arteritis: radiographic and angiographic findings in 59 patients.

Fifty-nine patients (57 females, two males) with Takayasu arteritis were retrospectively evaluated. Chest radiographs were abnormal in 68% of patients in whom they were obtained (n = 49). Aortic contour changes and calcification were frequent findings. Sixty-eight percent of patients who underwent total aortography (n = 50) had panaortitis, and 28% had involvement confined to the thoracic aorta and/or its branches. Stenosis was the most common angiographic finding in the aorta and its branches, but occlusion (n = 4), aneurysm (n = 3), and dilatation (n = 15) were not infrequent. Adventitial vascular structures (the vasa vasorum) were seen in three cases. Eighty-six percent (n = 21) of pulmonary arteriograms showed abnormalities. Occlusion was by far the most common finding. There was no predilection for any lobe nor correlation with systemic arteritis. It was concluded that Takayasu arteritis characteristically involves the systemic and the pulmonary arteries independently. Total aortography and pulmonary arteriography are necessary to diagnose and evaluate the extent of the disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Aortic dissection without intimal rupture: diagnosis with MR imaging and CT.

Fourteen patients with aortic dissection without intimal rupture were examined by means of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, computed tomography (CT), or both. MR imaging showed a marginal high-intensity area along the aortic wall, while CT showed a nonopacified crescentic area along the aortic wall. These areas decreased in size within a short period and normalized after 1 year. Two autopsies demonstrated intramural hemorrhage without intimal tears. The dissected lumen seen in these cases is believed to represent intramural hemorrhage due to rupture of the vasa vasorum without intimal tear; this entity is believed to represent aortic dissection.

Adult↗