Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “UNCONSCIOUSNESS”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 523 records · Page 29Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

[Status febrilis and unconsciousness].

Cerebral malaria with Plasmodium vivax is uncommon. Normally Plasmodium falciparum is the cause of cerebral malaria. We report about a 18 year old patient from Pakistan with a history of intermittent fever for several months. The patient recovered within a few days; however prognosis can be severe when cerebral malaria is complicating the course of Plasmodium vivax infection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Unconscious perception of non-threatening facial emotion in parietal extinction.

The success of humans as social animals relies heavily on our ability to perceive the emotional expressions conveyed by others' faces. Functional brain imaging has shown that expressions of fear and anger selectively activate the amygdala, even when the faces conveying the emotion are presented briefly and masked to prevent conscious perception (Morris et al. 1998; Whalen et al. 1998). Such results suggest that facial emotions signalling potential threat can be extracted rapidly and automatically by the human visual system, in the absence of conscious face perception. Here we asked whether a patient with spatial extinction, a profound disorder of perception due to right parietal lobe damage, would be sensitive to non-threatening (happy and sad) emotional expressions of faces that are not consciously perceived. We show that the emotion conveyed by an extinguished face in the contralesional hemifield can influence judgements of the emotion of a subsequent target face presented foveally. The finding of significant affective priming from extinguished faces fits with the proposal that facial emotion can be processed in the absence of conscious perception, and that preserved limbic and inferotemporal structures retain privileged access to the emotional content of 'unseen' faces.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2005

Sex differences in affective responses to homoerotic stimuli: evidence for an unconscious bias among heterosexual men, but not heterosexual women.

Antigay bias is a well-documented social problem among heterosexual men, though heterosexual women display a lesser tendency toward this bias. Startle eye blink has been established as a valid measure of the affective component of antigay bias in heterosexual men. In the current study, a sample of 91 heterosexual women and 87 heterosexual men were exposed to a variety of sexual photographic stimuli accompanied by startle probes. Heterosexual men who expressed more bias against gay men using a social distance measure (i.e., discomfort with being in close quarters with a gay man) displayed a startle response consistent with greater negative affect (e.g., fear and disgust) toward gay male stimuli, while those with less self-reported antigay bias did not display a physiological bias against gay men, and none of these men showed a relationship between bias against lesbians and physiological responses while viewing lesbian images. There were no such physiological manifestations of antigay bias in heterosexual women while viewing lesbian or gay male images, even among those who self-reported such bias. It appears that heterosexual women do not tend to have the same affective response toward homosexuals that some heterosexual men experience.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Mugshot exposure effects: Retroactive interference, mugshot commitment, source confusion, and unconscious transference.

More than 25 years of research has accumulated concerning the possible biasing effects of mugshot exposure to eyewitnesses. Two separate metaanalyses were conducted on 32 independent tests of the hypothesis that prior mugshot exposure decreases witness accuracy at a subsequent lineup. Mugshot exposure both significantly decreased proportion correct and increased the false alarm rate, the effect being greater on false alarms. A mugshot commitment effect, arising from the identification of someone in a mugshot, was a substantial moderator of both these effects. Simple retroactive interference, where the target person is not included among mugshots and no one in a mugshot is present in the subsequent lineup, did not significantly impair target identification. A third metaanalysis was conducted on 19 independent tests of the hypothesis that failure of memory for facial source or context results in transference errors. The effect size was more than twice as large for "transference" studies involving mugshot exposure in proximate temporal context with the target than for "bystander" studies with no subsequent mugshot exposure.

Confusion↗
PubMed2006

The role of the cognitive activity context in the conservatism of unconscious visual sets.

Studies in healthy adults were performed to compare measures of the rigidity of a verbal set in three series of experiments: in series 1, pseudowords were presented at the set-forming stage of the experiment, while common words were presented in the test stage; series 2 used the pseudoword/word conditions of series 1 with the additional task of identifying the position of a target stimulus in a matrix, requiring discrimination from other symbols in terms of two characteristics; in series 3, the pseudoword/word test was followed by an initial task consisting of identifying the matrix position of a target stimulus in conditions in which the need to discriminate was minimized. The results supported the hypothesis that the rigidity of a visual set depends on the cognitive activity context. This property is significantly dependent on the loading applied to working memory and the cognitive tasks solved by the subject, particularly the ratio of involvement of the ventral and dorsal visual systems in the cortical processing of sequentially acting verbal and non-verbal visual stimuli. The cognitive set paradigm serves as a model for experimental studies of the roles of the ventral and dorsal visual systems in organizing recognition functions.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The proton pump/leak mechanism of unconsciousness.

There are few explanations which account for the manner in which the catastrophic physiological consequences of anaesthesia, cold narcosis or, for the matter, a short, sharp upper-cut, come about. Most studies terminate with the presentation of ever-better correlations between an end-point in a model system (dough consistency, rubber elasticity, bacterial, protozoal or animal mobility, liposome permeability, luciferase activity, etc.) and oil/water partition coefficients or with some arbitrary biological end-point. From what is currently known about the permeating pathways of non-electrolytes, ions and protons across membranes e.g. liposomes, the effect of anaesthetics on such pathways and the effect of temperature and pressure on both liposomes and whole animals, it is possible to develop a testable hypothesis. It is called the 'proton pump-leak' hypothesis and involves a number of linked biophysical and biochemical processes. It assumes that a living animal or plant is in a steady-state regarding all concentration gradients; passive leaks across membranes are balanced by temperature, pressure, and energy dependent ion/ion and/or proton/ion pumps (enzyme), working within an aqueous phase. Consciousness is dependent upon inter-neuronal communication via release of transmitter substances. Transmitter substances, characteristically either weak bases or weak acids e.g. catecholamines, accumulate passively in vesicles rich in acid-buffer, held to a low pH by the activity of H+/K+ energy-driven pumps. Interference with this finely-balanced system either by changing the chemical potential of the hydrophobic (membrane) phase at NTP (with anaesthetics), or by changing the chemical potential of both hydrophobic and aqueous (pump) phases by hyperbaric, hypothermic, or anoxic conditions imposed (inevitably) on the whole animal, would result in the resetting of the steady-state parameters.

Anesthesia, General↗