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The experimental data were given obtained at studying the influence of different dozes of synthetic heptapeptide (on tafcine basis) on learning to complex instrumental habit in dogs. Effectiveness of intranasal application of peptide on earlier stages of learning and also its ability to restore the lost habit was shown. Vegetative ensuring of learning at its modulation by peptide was studied.
Acute non-specific inflammation was induced in rats by injection of isologous serum into the pleural cavity. Pleural and peritoneal cells were collected at various times after pleurisy induction and tested for production of leukotriene B4 (LTB4), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and prostacyclin (PGI2) after in-vitro stimulation with calcium ionophore A23187. Cells obtained by lavage of pleural and peritoneal cavities of normal rats were used as controls. Increased production of LTB4, PGE2 and PGI2 by pleural cells was observed 3 days after pleurisy induction, but with a significant depression of PGI2 release at 3 h. As the relative proportions of polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) and macrophages in the inflammatory exudate varied during the development of inflammation, these cells were examined separately for LTB4 production. PMN and macrophages contributed equally to the liberation of this mediator in normal and inflamed rats. Similar qualitative and quantitative changes in LTB4 production by pleural cells were observed, irrespective of the type of irritant used (isologous serum, dextran, carrageenan, microcrystals). In contrast, intrapleural injection of saline had no significant effect. In order to determine whether local inflammation may influence mediator release by phagocytic cells at remote sites, peritoneal cells were collected 3 or 72 after pleurisy induction. The production of LTB4, PGE2 and PGI2 was increased at 72 h. Mediator production by peritoneal macrophages was observed in both normal and inflamed rats. In conclusion, acute non-specific inflammation provoked increased arachidonic acid metabolite generation by phagocytes both locally and at a distance: this occurred more than 24 h after pleurisy resolution.
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Our previous study has shown that the intensity of macrophages in a medium containing fluorescein diacetate (FDA) retains a certain constant level ready to fall upon the addition of stimulants. The decrease in fluorescence was attempted to explain by secretion of oxygen metabolites during the activation process. The decrease in fluorescence is much smaller in the medium containing catalase and superoxide dismutase. Hydrogen peroxide (50 nM and higher) causes a reversible decrease in the fluorescent intensity of resting macrophages. These experiments suggest that the oxidative burst products may serve as regulators of the feedback control during macrophage activation.
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The effect of immunostimulants on the activity of 5-nucleotidase in the macrophages of peritoneal exudate (MPE) has been investigated in mice of various strains. It has been demonstrated that in case of subcutaneous introduction of immunostimulants interstrain differences might be observed in the changes of MPE 5-nucleotidase activity. The decrease in the enzymatic activity in MPE was found to be the most pronounced in C57Bl/6 mice, while in AKR mice it was the least marked. CBA and C3 mice revealed no changes in MPE 5-nucleotidase activity in response to immunostimulation.
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The effect of taftsine (T) tetrapeptide was studied on the systemic and subcellular levels. T was found to exert a specific effect on the activities of acetylcholinesterase and MAO molecular forms. The use of T altered the evoked potentials to a signal light stimulus in the cortical and subcortical brain structures. Rearrangements of the membranous proteins (by the content of sulfhydryl groups) detected in subfractions of synaptosomes were most expressed in the visual zone of the cortex. Thus, T exerts a modifying influence on various aspects of mediator metabolism and also on the perception of biologically important sensory stimuli.
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To determine whether correlation exists between serum concentration of phagocytosis-stimulating factor (PSF) and in vivo phagocytic activity, 2 splenectomized steers were inoculated with Anaplasma marginale, and their serum PSF concentrations were monitored. At the time of the anemic crisis, serum PSF concentrations were elevated five to tenfold.
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