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PubMedDate not supplied

[French translation and validation of the Tension-Effort Stress Inventory (TESI, 7) emotional list].

Since emotion became a central topic in scientific psychology, a conceptual consensus is needed with regard to its definition. Reversal theory provides such a widely, comprehensive theory of emotion that is currently missing from the psychology literature. According to reversal theorists, there are 16 primary emotions corresponding directly to one's preferred and non preferred phenomenological experiences. These include 4 pleasant/somatic emotions (relaxation, excitement, placidity, provocativeness), 4 unpleasant/somatic emotions (anxiety, anger, boredom, sullenness), 4 pleasant/transactional emotions (pride, modesty, gratitude, virtue) and 4 unpleasant/transactional emotions (humiliation, resentment, shame and guilt). Tension-Effort Stress Inventory (TESI, is an auto questionnaire with the 3rd section containing this 16 primary emotions list. The aim of our study deals with french translation and factorial validation of this list. Method and procedure - Participants (n=46) were voluntary french speaking individuals who prepared to be involved in a new tourist attraction established in a french winter sport resort. This attraction is made up of a 950 meters-long carrying cable tightened to an altitude of 100 meters above the ground, offering anyone whose weight exceeds 40 kg a thrilling 90 km/h rush. Of the sample of 46 individuals, 29 were male and 17 were female. The average age was 31,4 years with a 18-59 range and 7,7 as standard deviation value. Each subject had to complete a french version of TESI just before being hang on the cable and just after his or her arrival on the landing zone. Results - Pre- and post-activity descriptive statistics for each item were subjected to Pearson correlations calculation and then, an explanatory factorial analysis was carried out. Principal component analysis results (after varimax rotation) exhibited 6 factors explaining a proportion of 64% of the total variance: 4 of these 6 dimensions seemed to be similar to the ones claimed by reversal theory; 1 dimension resembled a more popular conception of emotion experience which is bad mood ; 1 composite dimension was more ambiguous (anxiety + modesty). Confirmatory factorial analysis (carried out from variance/covariance matrix) proved to be conclusive in assessing the fit of the data with regard to reversal theory classification of emotions. Thus, the eight pleasant emotions were found to be dichotomised into four somatic and four transactional emotions with satisfactory fit indexes [GFI (Goodness of Fit Index)=0,92, residuals=0,09]. In addition, the eight unpleasant emotions were also split up into 4 somatic and 4 transactional groupings with comparable ratings (GFI=0,93, residuals=0,07). Conclusion - This french version of TESI emotional list appears to be suitable in assessing one's phenomenological emotional experiences. The equipartition according to pleasant/unpleasant and somatic/transactional dimensions meets the original classification postulated by reversal theorists.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Participation of kin17 protein in replication factories and in other DNA transactions mediated by high molecular weight nuclear complexes.

The Homo sapiens kin17 ((HSA)kin17) protein is a chromatin-associated protein conserved during evolution and overproduced in certain human tumor cell lines. For the first time, immunoelectron microscopy analysis of endogenous (HSA)kin17 protein revealed an ultrastructural co-localization of (HSA)kin17 and bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd) at sites of DNA replication after either short (15 min) or long (120 min) pulses of BrdUrd labeling. After hydroxyurea (HU) or L-mimosine (Mimo) block and withdrawal, we observed that (HSA)kin17 was recruited onto the chromatin during the re-entry and the progression in the S phase. These results are consistent with a major role of (HSA)kin17 protein in DNA replication factories. Other treatments hampering replication fork progression and/or inducing double-strand breaks also triggered an accumulation and a concentration of the chromatin-bound (HSA)kin17 protein into large intranuclear foci 24 h post-treatment. Moreover, HU- and Mimo-induced (HSA)kin17 foci were retained in the nucleus after detergent extraction, suggesting a strong association with nuclear structures. Gel filtration analyses of cellular extracts showed that endogenous (HSA)kin17 protein co-eluted with both replication proteins RPA32 and RPA70 in a fraction containing complexes of M(r) 600,000. Interestingly, HU-induced G(1)-S arrest triggered an increase in the molecular weight of complexes containing (HSA)kin17 protein. Hence, treatments interfering with either initiation and/or elongation of DNA replication also recruited chromatin-bound (HSA)kin17 protein. We hypothesize that in the presence of unrepaired DNA damage, (HSA)kin17 protein concentrated into high molecular weight complexes probably to create a bridge that contributes to the harmonization of DNA replication and repair.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Regulation of lipid-droplet transport by the perilipin homolog LSD2.

BACKGROUND: Motor-driven transport along microtubules is a primary mechanism for moving and positioning organelles. How such transport is regulated remains poorly understood. For lipid droplets in Drosophila embryos, three distinct phases of transport can be distinguished. To identify factors regulating this transport, we biochemically purified droplets from individual phases and used 2D gel analysis to search for proteins whose amount on droplets changes as motion changes. RESULTS: By mass spectrometry, we identified one such protein as LSD2. Similar to its mammalian counterpart Perilipin, LSD2 is responsible for regulating lipid homeostasis. Using specific antibodies, we confirmed that LSD2 is present on embryonic lipid droplets. We find that lack of LSD2 causes a specific transport defect: Droplet distribution fails to undergo the dramatic changes characteristic of the wild-type. This defect is not due to a complete failure of the core transport machinery--individual droplets still move bidirectionally along microtubules with approximately normal velocities and kinetics. Rather, detailed biophysical analysis suggests that developmental control of droplet motion is lost. We show that LSD2 is multiply phosphorylated in a developmentally controlled manner. LSD2 phosphorylation depends on the transacting signal Halo, and LSD2 can physically interact with the lipid-droplet-associated coordinator Klar, identifying LSD2 as a central player in the mechanisms that control droplet motion. CONCLUSIONS: LSD2 appears to represent a new class of regulators, a protein that transduces regulatory signals to a separable core motor machinery. In addition, the demonstration that LSD2 regulates both transport and lipid metabolism suggests a link between lipid-droplet motion and lipid homeostasis.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Transactive memory in organizational groups: the effects of content, consensus, specialization, and accuracy on group performance.

Previous research on transactive memory has found a positive relationship between transactive memory system development and group performance in single project laboratory and ad hoc groups. Closely related research on shared mental models and expertise recognition supports these findings. In this study, the author examined the relationship between transactive memory systems and performance in mature, continuing groups. A group's transactive memory system, measured as a combination of knowledge stock, knowledge specialization, transactive memory consensus, and transactive memory accuracy, is positively related to group goal performance, external group evaluations, and internal group evaluations. The positive relationship with group performance was found to hold for both task and external relationship transactive memory systems.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

'When the talking starts': a framework for analysing tutorials.

The drive towards learner-centred learning which will equip doctors for the next century has encouraged the exploration of alternative ways of learning. A fundamental assumption is that a new learning strategy will either fit into existing patterns or trigger changes in the way that teachers and learners talk together. Despite the use of videotaped tutorials within re-accreditation visits in parts of the UK, the literature reveals no currently existing frameworks to analyse these teaching/learning interactions in the general practice setting. In this qualitative study of tutorials in general practice vocational training, a new grounded theory was developed. This study was innovative in its use of audiotaped tutorials as opposed to espoused theories of interaction. The new theoretical framework of Trainer/GP Registrar interactions consists of five categories: 'gaps to be filled', 'listening in', 'quick fix', 'problem solving' and 'talk on'. Each category illustrates whose agenda was met, who triggers the learning issue, time factors, the educational philosophy and the degree of reflection encouraged. The key principle underpinning this framework is that for learning to be effective a range of educational transactions may need to occur. If educational transactions occur exclusively around one point on the framework, the quality of training and opportunities for critical reflection may suffer. This framework may have implications for the analysis by Trainers of their teaching dialogues in the same way that consultation analysis has informed the development of consultation styles in general practice.

Career Choice↗
PubMed1998

The economics of parallel trade.

The potential for parallel trade in the European Union (EU) has grown with the accession of low price countries and the harmonisation of registration requirements. Parallel trade implies a conflict between the principle of autonomy of member states to set their own pharmaceutical prices, the principle of free trade and the industrial policy goal of promoting innovative research and development (R&D). Parallel trade in pharmaceuticals does not yield the normal efficiency gains from trade because countries achieve low pharmaceutical prices by aggressive regulation, not through superior efficiency. In fact, parallel trade reduces economic welfare by undermining price differentials between markets. Pharmaceutical R&D is a global joint cost of serving all consumers worldwide; it accounts for roughly 30% of total costs. Optimal (welfare maximising) pricing to cover joint costs (Ramsey pricing) requires setting different prices in different markets, based on inverse demand elasticities. By contrast, parallel trade and regulation based on international price comparisons tend to force price convergence across markets. In response, manufacturers attempt to set a uniform 'euro' price. The primary losers from 'euro' pricing will be consumers in low income countries who will face higher prices or loss of access to new drugs. In the long run, even higher income countries are likely to be worse off with uniform prices, because fewer drugs will be developed. One policy option to preserve price differentials is to exempt on-patent products from parallel trade. An alternative is confidential contracting between individual manufacturers and governments to provide country-specific ex post discounts from the single 'euro' wholesale price, similar to rebates used by managed care in the US. This would preserve differentials in transactions prices even if parallel trade forces convergence of wholesale prices.

Commerce↗
PubMed1995

CHIN building, step one: create a consensus.

The Big Three automakers long have wanted Michigan health care providers to give them outcomes data so the care companies could gauge the cost-effectiveness of the care their workers get in the Detroit area. At first, the car companies saw the fledgling Michigan Health Management Information System as the way to finally get the data they've wanted. Eventually, though, after long discussions with other network participants, the carmakers opted to scale back expectations, agreeing that the network should focus first on moving administrative transactions between health care purchasers, payers and providers.

Community Networks↗
PubMed1988

A model of organizational power: analysis and significance to nursing.

In this article a causal model of the process of interorganizational power is presented with results of one test using survey data from 39 non-nursing organizations. The model argues that interaction strategies of organizations are outcomes of the relative basis and use of resources in interorganizational transactions. Multiple regression and multiple-partial correlation analyses were used to analyze the data. The findings partially support the model and indicate that it holds promise for development and refinement. Conclusions are that the model should be tested with nursing organizations and used to conceptualize additional aspects of the power process that nursing can foster.

Models, Theoretical↗
PubMed2006

Analysis of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) associated with DNA.

Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) is a homotrimeric protein adopting a ring structure that may encircle DNA. In this form, PCNA functions as a sliding platform to which different types of catalytic and regulatory proteins are tethered to perform DNA transactions such as replication and repair synthesis, methylation, chromatin assembly and remodeling, as well as sister chromatid cohesion. In addition, PCNA coordinates DNA metabolism with cell cycle progression by interacting with cyclins, cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK), and CDK inhibitors. PCNA participates in different pathways of DNA repair, including nucleotide and base excision repair, as well as mismatch repair, by interacting with proteins involved in these processes. A fundamental step in DNA repair involves the transition of PCNA from a freely soluble nucleoplasmic form, to a chromatin-bound form associated with repair sites. This chapter describes biochemical and immunofluorescence methods for detection of the chromatin-bound form of PCNA involved in DNA repair. Cellular fractionation and nuclear extraction procedures are provided for Western blot analysis, as well as for protein-protein interaction studies. An in situ extraction protocol is described for immunostaining, fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometric analyses of nuclear localization, and cell cycle distribution of PCNA associated with DNA repair sites.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed1996

Multicopy suppressors of temperature-sensitive mutations of yeast mRNA capping enzyme.

We have isolated three Saccharomyces cerevisiae genes-CES1, CES2, and CES3-- that, when present in high copy, suppress the ts growth defect caused by mutations in the CEG1 gene encoding mRNA guanylyltransferase (capping enzyme). Molecular characterization of the capping enzyme suppressor genes reveals the following. CES2 is identical to ESP1, a gene required for proper nuclear division. We show by deletion analysis that the 1573-amino acid ESP1 polypeptide is composed of distinct functional domains. The C-terminal portion of ESP1 is essential for cell growth, but dispensable for CES2 activity. The N-terminal half of ESP1, which is sufficient for CES2 function, displays local sequence similarity to the small subunit of the vaccinia virus RNA capping enzyme. This suggests a basis for suppression by physical or functional interaction between the CES2 domain of ESP1 and the yeast guanylyltransferase. CES1 encodes a novel hydrophilic 915-amino acid protein. The amino acid sequence of CES1 is uninformative, except for its extensive similarity to another yeast gene product of unknown function. The CES1 homologue (designated CES4) is also a multicopy suppressor of capping enzyme ts mutations. Neither CES1 nor CES4 is essential for cell growth, and a double deletion mutant is viable. CES3 corresponds to BUD5, which encodes a putative guanine nucleotide exchange factor. We hypothesize that CES1, CES4, and BUD5 may impact on RNA transactions downstream of cap synthesis that are cap dependent in vivo.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1997

Interferon-gamma regulation of Clara cell gene expression: in vivo and in vitro.

This report demonstrates that Clara cell 10-kDa protein (CC10) mRNA levels are regulated by interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). An analysis of total lung RNA from mice given IFN-gamma intratracheally showed increased levels of CC10 mRNA compared to control animals but no significant increases in surfactant proteins B and C. These results were confirmed in a Clara cell line, mtCC1-2, generated from the lungs of a transgenic mouse expressing the SV40 large T antigen under the control of a Clara cell-specific promoter. Significant increases in mtCC1-2 CC10 mRNA levels were observed in a time- and a dose-dependent manner. The expression of transacting factors hepatocyte nuclear factors 3 alpha and 3 beta (HNF-3 alpha and HNF-3 beta) were also analyzed, and a transient increase in the expression of HNF-3 beta but not HNF-3 alpha was detected. Deoxyribonuclease I footprint analysis identified a signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) binding site (at nucleotides -293 to -284 of CC10) adjacent to two thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1) binding sites, suggesting a potential interaction between STAT1 and TTF-1. This report reinforces the hypothesis that CC10 functions as an anti-inflammatory protein and that increases in CC10 protein may provide additional protection from inflammation and disease in the lung.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Outpatient imaging center valuations: do you need a fair-market value analysis?

Typically, outpatient diagnostic imaging centers are formed as partnerships between radiologists, radiologists and hospitals, and/or radiologists and diagnostic imaging center management companies. As a result of these partnership structures, the question of equity valuation frequently arises. It is not only important to understand when an independent valuation would be required, but also what "type" of valuation needs to be performed. The type of valuation may vary based upon the use of the valuation. In partnerships that involve hospitals and physicians, the federal anti-kickback statutes (fraud and abuse laws) require that all transactions between referring physicians and hospitals be consummated at fair-market value. In addition, tax-exempt hospitals that enter into partnerships with physicians are required to enter into those transactions at fair-market value or risk losing their tax-exempt status. Fair-market value is also typically the standard of value that all partnerships strive to conduct equity transactions with shareholders. Qualifications required by those who perform independent fair-market value opinions include: Proper business valuation training and focus on valuations as a primary business Focus on the healthcare industry and specifically on the valuation of diagnostic imaging centers In order to perform a reasonable business valuation analysis, the appraiser must have access to a significant amount of financial, operational and legal information. The analyst must be able to understand the history of the imaging center as well as the projected future of the center. Ultimately, a valuation is a measurement of the estimated future cash flows of the center--risk adjusted--in order to quantify the present value of those cash flows.

Ambulatory Care Facilities↗
PubMed1991

[Development of a procedure for community psychological field research: the Contact Analysis Questionnaire].

Numerous community psychology oriented research designs do not sufficiently take into consideration real processes of exchange between person and environment. With the target to enrich community psychology empirically we developed a structured interview scheme for the description of interpersonal transactions. Random samples of self-registered social interactions can be analysed ex posteriori context- and contentwise by the "Kontaktanalysebogen". Following explications and instructions for each paragraph first results concerning objectivity and acceptance in field research are reported. Target groups in particular are individuals threatened by social isolation, e.g. former mental patients. Some empirical results of our own study are given.

Halfway Houses↗
PubMed2004

A global role for Fis in the transcriptional control of metabolism and type III secretion in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium.

Fis is a key DNA-binding protein involved in nucleoid organization and modulation of many DNA transactions, including transcription in enteric bacteria. The regulon of genes whose expression is influenced by Fis in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. typhimurium) has been defined by DNA microarray analysis. These data suggest that Fis plays a central role in coordinating the expression of both metabolic and type III secretion factors. The genes that were most strongly up-regulated by Fis were those involved in virulence and located in the pathogenicity islands SPI-1, SPI-2, SPI-3 and SPI-5. Similarly, motility and flagellar genes required Fis for full expression. This was shown to be a direct effect as purified Fis protein bound to the promoter regions of representative flagella and SPI-2 genes. Genes contributing to aspects of metabolism known to assist the bacterium during survival in the mammalian gut were also Fis-regulated, usually negatively. This category included components of metabolic pathways for propanediol utilization, biotin synthesis, vitamin B(12) transport, fatty acids and acetate metabolism, as well as genes for the glyoxylate bypass of the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Genes found to be positively regulated by Fis included those for ethanolamine utilization. The data reported reveal the central role played by Fis in coordinating the expression of both housekeeping and virulence factors required by S. typhimurium during life in the gut lumen or during systemic infection of host cells.

Bacterial Proteins↗
PubMed1999

Digital dentistry in the computer age.

BACKGROUND AND OVERVIEW: Computers are becoming an integral part of the practice of dentistry. Smaller, smarter and more ergonomic computing devices will support an increasing proportion of dental practice activities. Technology will make practice management more efficient, mainly by reducing transactional overhead. Educational software and intelligent assistants will increasingly support the needs for decision making in clinical practice. Research will benefit from automated tools for data acquisition, management and analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Dentistry must actively shape the application of technology. It can do this by developing a cadre of experts in dental informatics, relying on sound research principles, effectively disseminating best practices and developing strategic objectives for the implementation of technology. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Computer technology is an essential ingredient for state-of-the-art patient care. Dentists must stay current with this rapidly developing field to make appropriate choices in their use of technology.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed1999

Getting data out of the electronic patient record: critical steps in building a data warehouse for decision support.

Health care has taken advantage of computers to streamline many clinical and administrative processes. However, the potential of health care information technology as a source of data for clinical and administrative decision support has not been fully explored. This paper describes the process of developing on-line analytical processing (OLAP) capacity from data generated in an on-line transaction processing (OLTP) system (the electronic patient record). We discuss the steps used to evaluate the EPR system, retrieve the data, and create an analytical data warehouse accessible for analysis. We also summarize studies based on the data (lab re-engineering, practice variation in diagnostic decision-making and evaluation of a clinical alert). Besides producing a useful data warehouse, the process also increased understanding of organizational and cost considerations in purchasing OLAP tools. We discuss the limitations of our approach and ways in which these limitations can be addressed.

Database Management Systems↗
PubMed2004

"We have our own special language." Language, sexuality and HIV/AIDS: a case study of youth in an urban township in South Africa.

BACKGROUND: Despite the fact that most South African youth know about HIV/AIDS and how it can be prevented, there is a high prevalence of HIV/AIDS amongst youth in South Africa. Generally youth do not practice safe sex, and youth sexuality is characterised by multiple sexual partners, not using condoms and transactional sex. OBJECTIVES: To minimize the risk of HIV infection, it is necessary to understand youth sexuality. In this paper I explore youth sexuality with a specific focus on how language influences sexuality. METHODS: I use discourse analysis and qualitative research techniques. Purposive sampling, a form of non-probability sampling was used. I interviewed seventy youth individually or in groups and used in-depth semi-structured interviews. RESULTS: The use of language influences youth sexuality. Youth have developed a specialised language to talk about sex and sexuality and this language has become part of the daily discourse, so that unsafe sexual practices become norms and are justified. CONCLUSIONS: The realm of language can be a creative way for peer and HIV/AIDS educators to work with youth towards creating a healthier sexuality. However, as language always occurs in a material context, it is also necessary to work towards changing the material environment, such as poverty. This environment not only facilitates the development of a particular language but it also encourages unsafe sexual practices such as transactional sex.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗