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At least 523 records · Page 29Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Identification and characterization of the infectious laryngotracheitis virus glycoprotein C gene.

The infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) gene encoding a homologue to the glycoprotein C gene of herpes simplex virus has been sequenced and identified based on its genomic location, comparative analysis to other gC proteins, and the identification of a glycosylated protein product. Located near the small subunit ribonucleotide reductase gene, the ILTV gC gene is 1242 bp in length and is predicted to encode a membrane glycoprotein containing a characteristic N-terminal hydrophobic signal sequence, five potential N-linked glycosylation sites, and C-terminal transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains. Antibodies raised in rabbits against a Cro-ILTV-beta-galactosidase fusion protein expressed in Escherichia coli recognize a 60-kDa ILTV-specific glycoprotein from infected cell extracts. Transcriptional analysis, using a portion of the open reading frame as a probe, identified a 1.55-kb transcript expressed with late gene kinetics. Comparison to other herpesvirus gC proteins revealed limited amino acid sequence homology and the absence of a charged extracellular region, which would normally interact with cell surface proteoglycans.

Alphaherpesvirinae↗
PubMed1995

A feline herpesvirus-1 recombinant with a deletion in the genes for glycoproteins gI and gE is effective as a vaccine for feline rhinotracheitis.

Using a site-directed mutagenesis technique we constructed a new feline herpesvirus-1 recombinant strain containing a deletion in two genes encoding glycoproteins gI and gE. These proteins may have a role in virulence, the establishment of latency, and viral recurrence as shown in other herpesviruses of the varicella and simplex types. This recombinant was characterized and used to immunize juvenile cats against virulent virus challenge. Significant protection resulted from vaccination of cats by the subcutaneous route.

Alphaherpesvirinae↗
PubMed1996

Glycoproteins gl and gE of feline herpesvirus-1 are virulence genes: safety and efficacy of a gl-gE deletion mutant in the natural host.

Feline rhinotracheitis virus (FRV) is an important upper respiratory tract pathogen of cats. FRV is a member of the subfamily Alphaherpesvirinae and is designated feline herpesvirus-1 (FHV-1). Besides upper respiratory clinical signs, FHV-1 may cause generalized infections in neonates or abortions in pregnant queens. Recently we described a recombinant FHV-1 strain with a deletion in the genes for glycoproteins gl and gE (FHB beta-galglgE delta) and reported that cats vaccinated subcutaneously with high doses of the recombinant FHV-1 strain responded with only mild clinical signs and developed strong immunity against subsequent virulent virus challenge. Here we compare the intranasal and subcutaneous routes of administration of this strain and assess its ability to induce protective immunity and prevent virus shedding after challenge. Cats vaccinated subcutaneously or intranasally with high doses of the recombinant FHV-1 strain responded with only mild clinical signs and developed strong immunity against subsequent virulent virus challenge. This was especially evident when the mutant vaccine was administered oronasally. In contrast, intranasal administration of two other FHV-1 isolates induced severe clinical signs in cats. We conclude from testing this FHV-1 mutant in the natural host that deletion of gE and a portion of gl genes strongly reduces viral virulence but that immunogenicity is maintained.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1985

Membranous laryngotracheobronchitis, a complication of measles.

Membranous laryngotracheobronchitis is a very serious infection which affects the larynx, trachea and bronchi, requiring aggressive therapeutic measures. It has been recently rediscovered as a cause of disease in children. However, it is a very unusual complication of measles. Two infants with measles and membranous laryngotracheobronchitis are reported.

Bronchitis↗
PubMed1988

Necrotizing tracheobronchitis: a complication of high frequency jet ventilation.

The tracheal and bronchial lesions observed are described in seven patients, presenting with respiratory distress syndrome and receiving both conventional and high frequency jet ventilation for various periods. The histological findings are related to the duration of the exposure as well as the number of pulsations administered to the tracheobronchial tree. Severe damage to the mucosa leading to acute tracheobronchitis, hyperplasia and hypersecretion of the mucosal glands may explain some of the clinical symptoms observed, especially the upper respiratory obstruction. Care should be taken to limit these changes which may lead to various degrees of stenosis in survivors receiving this mode of therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

The I.C.U. treatment of acute laryngotracheobronchitis in a developing country.

The management of 50 children with acute laryngotracheobronchitis (LTB) in a general I.C.U. in a developing country is presented. The overall mortality was 16%, with no patient demising from LTB. It is stressed that LTB in developing countries is a very different disorder to that seen in Western societies, due to complicating factors such as bronchopneumonia, malnutrition and measles. Guidelines for therapy are proposed.

Bronchitis↗
PubMed1997

Chlamydia pneumoniae respiratory infections among patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus.

Thirteen cases of Chlamydia pneumoniae infection in patients seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are described. The occurrence, the clinical spectrum, and the significance of the infection during HIV disease are compared with data reported in the literature. Chlamydia pneumoniae infection was established by a serologic micro-immunofluorescence test using standard diagnostic criteria. In four cases the results of serological tests were confirmed by direct immunofluorescence on respiratory specimens. Five patients developed focal pneumonia but recovered completely after specific antibiotic treatment. Three patients developed severe and diffuse interstitial pulmonary involvement, two of whom died of acute respiratory failure. Five patients developed upper respiratory tract infection. Using 39 pair-matched HIV-seropositive subjects as controls, the cases of infection were found to be significantly associated with a previously diagnosed pulmonary disease. Upon retrospective analysis of 319 consecutive cases of pneumonia among HIV-infected patients, Chlamydia pneumoniae was the sole agent detected in eight (2.5%) cases, and Chlamydia pneumoniae together with other infectious agents was detected in seven (2.2%) cases. Chlamydia pneumoniae is a possible cause of severe respiratory infection in Italian HIV-infected immunocompromised patients, and its presence must be suspected when patients do not respond to therapy with beta-lactam agents or to anti-Pneumocystis carinii treatment.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1991

Attenuation of bradykinin-induced mucosal inflammation by topical budesonide in rat trachea.

The extravasation of plasma proteins and formation of interendothelial gaps in submucosal microvessels by mucosally-applied bradykinin (BK), were studied in the rat trachea. The effects of topical and systemic (s.c.) glucocorticoid budesonide (BUD) were investigated in the presence or absence of inhibitors of BK-degradtive enzymes (captopril and thiorphan 10 microM to inhibit angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and neutral endopeptidase (NEP), respectively). Inhibition of these enzymes markedly increased the inflammatory responses to BK. Topical BUD (3 microM, 10 min contact, 90 min before BK) significantly decreased the volume of plasma in the tracheal lumen, both in the absence and presence of the enzyme inhibitors. Thus, the main anti-transudation mechanism of topical BUD is not related to modulation of BK-breakdown. However, this may be the mechanism for systemic BUD. Neither topical nor systemic BUD prevented interendothelial gap formation.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1990

Studies of wall shear and mass transfer in a large scale model of neonatal high-frequency jet ventilation.

The problem of endotracheal erosion associated with neonatal high-frequency jet ventilation (HFJV) is investigated through measurement of air velocity profiles in a scaled up model of the system. Fluid mechanical scaling principles are applied in order to construct a model within which velocity profiles are measured by hot-wire anemometry. The effects of two different jet geometries are investigated. Velocity gradients measured near the tracheal wall are used to measure the shear stresses caused by the jet flow on the wall. The Chilton-Colburn analogy between the transport of momentum and mass is applied to investigate tracheal drying caused by the high shear flow. Shear forces are seen to be more than two times higher for jets located near the endotracheal tube wall than for those located axisymmetrically in the center of the tube. Since water vapor fluxes are dependent on these shears, they are also higher for the asymmetric case. Fluxes are shown to be greatly dependent on the temperature and relative humidity of the inspired gas. Water from the tracheal surface may be depleted within one second if inspired gases are inadequately heated and humidified. It is recommended that the design of neonatal HFJV devices include delivery of heated (near body temperature), humidified (as close to 100% humidity as possible) gases through an axisymmetric jet to best avoid the problem of endotracheal erosion.

High-Frequency Jet Ventilation↗
PubMed1991

Tracheo-bronchitis as a complication of Crohn's disease--a case report.

A case of Crohn's enterocolitis associated with diffuse tracheo-bronchitis is presented herein. Although respiratory tract involvement in Crohn's disease is extremely rare, our review of the world literature revealed several common clinical pathologic features. These features include a productive cough with chest X-ray films which are normal except for some peripheral involvement. Bronchoscopy, however, shows diffuse inflammation of the trachea and bronchi with widely scattered whitish lesions while biopsy reveals a granulomatous infiltration of inflammatory cells. This tracheobronchitis typically responds well to treatment with prednisone.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Effects of platelet-activating factor on vascular permeability and granulocyte recruitment in the rat trachea.

Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is a phospholipid mediator known to produce several features of airway inflammation. We examined the effects of intravenous PAF on vascular permeability and granulocyte recruitment in the rat trachea. To assess vascular permeability, anesthetized rats were given injections of Evans blue dye (30 mg/kg, iv) and PAF (1-10 micrograms/kg, iv), and then their tracheas were removed and assayed spectrophotometrically for dye content. We found that a PAF dosage of 6 micrograms/kg increased the tracheal dye content 7-fold compared to controls. The amount of extravasated dye in the tracheas was significantly increased 1 min after PAF injection, was maximal at 5 min, and had returned to control levels by 10 min. To assess granulocyte recruitment, anesthetized rats were given an injection of PAF (6 micrograms/kg, iv), and then their tracheas were removed and stained to reveal myeloperoxidase-containing neutrophils and eosinophils. We found that the number of neutrophils in the tracheal mucosa was increased 7-fold from controls 5 min after PAF injection, but was not significantly increased 6 h later. The number of eosinophils in the tracheal mucosa was not significantly increased from controls at any time after PAF injection. We conclude that intravenous PAF causes a rapid but transient increase in vascular permeability in the rat trachea, and that intravenous PAF also causes a rapid but transient recruitment of neutrophils into the tracheal mucosa without a similar effect on eosinophils.

Animals↗