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At least 523 records · Page 29Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Rocky Mountain spotted fever in an urban canine population.

A survey for the prevalence of Rocky Mountain spotted fever antibodies in dogs from a well-defined endemic area in Columbus, Ohio (Franklin County), was conducted during the summer of 1981. Seventy-three blood samples from dogs in this area were tested by microimmunofluorescence for antibodies to Rickettsia rickettsii and other rickettsial antigens. Thirty-three (45.2%) of these samples were positive for R rickettsii, with titers ranging from 1:8 to 1:2,048. For comparison, 137 blood samples from dogs at the Franklin County Dog Pound also were tested. One dog (0.7%) from the comparison group was seropositive to R rickettsii, with a 1:64 titer. The results indicated a nidus of this disease within the city of Columbus, Ohio.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Strobiloestrus sp. larvae in cattle.

A number of calves and a two year-old heifer in the Middelburg District of the Transvaal were found to harbour Strobiloestrus sp. larvae in nodules along their sides. Each nodule contained a single larva and these larvae developed from the early second stage to the third stage during the 25 day period between the first and last visit to the district. A particular set of circumstances involving the presence of klipspringers, which are considered to be the normal hosts of Strobiloestrus clarkii, grazing practice, hair colour of the calves and tick control probably resulted in the cattle becoming infested. A pour-on formulation of an insecticide was highly effective against the larvae.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

[The brown dog tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus Latreille 1806 in the Netherlands, an analysis of imported cases, including their veterinary and medical significance (author's transl)].

Eighteen cases of infestation with Rhipicephalus sanguineus were reported during the past five years. Of the cases, six were observed during the first seven months of 1979. Of all infestations, four originated from sources within the territory of the Netherlands. Several cases of infestation with canine babesiosis were reported. There could have been a relationship between some of these cases and infestation with R. sanguineus. Populations of this tick can survive and develop in Dutch homes. Forming reservoirs of boutonneuse fever and canine babesiosis would appear to be possible.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Ornithodoros (alectorobius) amblus (Acarina: Ixodoidea: Argasidae): identity, marine bird and human hosts, virus infections, and distribution in Peru.

Ornithodoros (Alectorobius) amblus Chamberlin 1920, adults previously were described inadequately. Practically nothing was known regarding the identity, hosts, distribution, and biology of this species. We redescribe both sexes, describe the nymph and larva, and present criteria for differentiating these stages from those of other members of the O. (A.) capensis group in the Western Hemisphere. Samples were collected from 13 localities on the Pacific coast and on offshore islands of Peru. Hosts recorded are the Peruvian Brown Pelican, Peruvian Booby, Blue-footed Booby, Red-legged Cormorant, Guanay Cormorant, and Inca Tern. These birds are not long-distance migrants and more widely distributed species of the O. (A.) capensis group have not been found parasitizing them. The life cycle is characteristic of the O. (A.) capensis group; the first nymphal instar does or does not feed. Humans are attacked eagerly by O. (A.) amblus and suffer afterward from severe inflammation and "incredible" pruritus, and possibly from more severe illness. Viruses infecting this tick are Punta Salinas (Hughes serogroup, family unclassified) and Huacho (Reoviridae, genus Orbivirus, Kemerovo serogroup). Dense tick populations cause breeding birds to desert numerous nests; thus, O. (A.) amblus is economically important to the Peruvian guano industry. Certain spiders and lizards may prey on this tick.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Bovine anaplasmosis and babesiosis in the Lesser Antilles: risk assessment of an unstable epidemiologic situation.

A seroepidemiological survey on tick-borne diseases of ruminants was carried out on 11 islands of the Lesser Antilles from Grenada to St Martin. A total of 1,795 cattle were randomly sampled and sera tested for antibodies to anaplasmosis (Anaplasma marginale) and babesiosis (Babesia bovis and B bigemina) using a dot-ELISA test. Except for anaplasmosis, which was virtually absent from Guadeloupe, the seroprevalence of the 3 tick-borne diseases ranged from 18 to 71%. The epidemiologic situation was considered to be unstable in all of the study sites. The risk of clinical outbreaks was high in all the islands except for B bigemina in Montserrat and St Lucia and B bovis in St Lucia. The practical consequences in terms of tick eradication, tick control, and vaccination are discussed.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1993

Eradication of a new focus of Amblyomma variegatum in Puerto Rico.

In May 1992 an infestation with the tropical bont tick appeared in a small dairy heifer replacement herd in Camuy, Puerto Rico, a completely new site located near Puerto Rico's northwest coast. This finding occurred after some three years of no infestation in either Puerto Rico or the U.S. Virgin Islands and is not suspected of being associated with any previous infestations. The methods used to eradicate this tick include spray treatment at a two-week interval of all domestic livestock, with amitraz at 0.025% and permethrin at 0.055%. Dogs and chickens are also inspected. Owners are encouraged to reduce numbers of these species. All livestock on adjoining farms are inspected and treated on a frequent basis. There has been no evidence of any spread and the infestation is expected to be eliminated within 18 months.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Field observations on the duration of immunity in cattle after vaccination against Anaplasma and Babesia species.

In an outbreak of Babesia bovis in a large herd of Friesian x Malawi Zebu cattle, which occurred after an interruption of intensive dipping, clinical or fatal babesiosis occurred in 54/299 (18.1%) animals which had never been vaccinated, as compared to 9/153 (5.9%) vaccinated animals. Eight of the nine affected vaccinates had been vaccinated more than 27 months previously. Sera were collected every 3-4 months from 33 Friesian x Malawi Zebu heifers maintained with intensive dipping and vaccinated with trivalent B. bovis, Babesia bigemina and Anaplasma centrale vaccine. After 2 years, 25% had become seronegative for B. bovis by indirect immunofluorescence, as compared to 97% for B. bigemina and 46% for A. centrale. Because of the evidence that immunity following vaccination against B. bovis declines after 2 years in the absence of tick challenge, it is recommended that tick control should be relaxed after immunity has been established, in order to save acaricide, reinforce immunity and avoid any need for revaccination.

Anaplasma↗
PubMed1997

Sheep and goat tick management.

Tick and tick-borne disease (TBD) problems of sheep and goats are less well studied than those of cattle. Nevertheless, small ruminants are able to acquire worthwhile resistance to most tick species and the principles of enzootic stability and the need to preserve it are similar to those with cattle. In practice, sheep and goats are often grazed nomadically and initial TBD infections may be delayed. This may well account for losses from Nairobi sheep disease and heartwater. Sheep and goats are also affected by direct tick damage including tick bite abscesses, tick paralysis, tick-induced dermatophilosis, etc. Otherwise direct damage is believed to be only slight and stress from dipping causes reductions in liveweight gain greater than those caused by the ticks. Even "pour-on" preparations produce no economic benefit in studied situations despite the lack of stress. A pragmatic approach to tick management is needed for varying situations although the need to preserve enzootic stability is of paramount importance.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

[Significance of indices of potential epidemiologic valency of natural foci of tick-borne encephalitis and methods of determining them].

Potential epidemiological valency (PEV) of the natural foci of tick-borne encephalitis was characterized by the quantity of the infected ticks per unit of the area of the focal territory, and also by the section of the pathway of man's passage along this territory, at which encounter of a single viroforic tick is possible. PEV indices reflected the epidemiological intensity of the natural foci of infection both in the mastered and in the poorly developed areas, and therefore could be used for the epidemiological prognosis on tick-borne encephalitis and in epidemiological search of this infection on the newly-developing territories. The extent of PEV reduction as a result of anti-tick treatment of forests endemic by tick-borne encephalitis which as caricides with a prolonged residual action of the tick-vectors offered a possibility of assessing the epidemiological efficacy of the measures carried out the most objectively.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Indigenous and crossbred cattle--a comparison of resistance to ticks and implications for their strategic control in Zimbabwe.

A comparison of the tick resistance of indigenous Mashona and crossbred Afrikander x Sussex oxen following natural tick infestation indicated that significantly more African blue ticks Boophilus decoloratus were found on the crossbred than the indigenous cattle (P < 0.05). The two groups of cattle were exposed to Babesia bigemina and Theileria taurotragi as indicated by high antibody titres on the indirect fluorescent antibody test, but no antibodies could be demonstrated to Anaplasma marginale and T. parva bovis despite the presence of their vectors. Rhipicephalus appendiculatus, Hyalomma truncatum and H. marginatum rufipes showed a seasonal distribution. The implications of the findings in terms of strategic tick control are discussed.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1984

Control of Boophilus ticks on heifers with two pyrethroids applied as sprays.

The pyrethroid permethrin (25% cis to 75% trans) was sprayed on Hereford heifers infested with all parasitic stages of Boophilus microplus (Canestrini) at 0.05% and 0.1% active ingredient. At 0.05%, control was 66.7%; whereas at 0.1%, control was 93.3%. Replete females were collected daily for 28 days after treatment at both concentrations, indicating that at least some ticks treated as larvae or nymphs were able to reach repletion. The pyrethroid fenvalerate was sprayed on Hereford heifers infested with all parasitic stages of B microplus or B annulatus (Say) at 0.025% and 0.05% active ingredient. Fenvalerate was as effective as permethrin at a lower concentration. At 0.025%, control was 89.2% and 86.6% and at 0.05% was 92.5% and 90.1% for B microplus and B annulatus , respectively. Both these pyrethroids could provide adequate reduction in programs in which control is the aim; however, in an eradication program, both acaricides failed to provide the necessary reduction to achieve complete elimination.

Animals↗