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PubMed1984

Observations of Trichomonas vaginalis infections at the University Teaching Hospital in Calabar, Nigeria.

The pattern of Trichomonas vaginalis infections at the Outpatient Clinic of the University Teaching Hospital in Calabar, Nigeria was determined for the two-year period (January 1981 - December 1982). Of the 5520 patients examined in 1981, T. vaginalis was found in 10 males (0.11%) and 57 females (1.03%). Of the 2511 patients examined in 1982, the parasite was found in 27 males (1.07%) and 31 females (1.20%). A few prepubertal cases were observed. The increasing significance of T. vaginalis as a public health problem in this area is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Effect of Listeria monocytogenes lipids on the immunity of mice against Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans and Trichomonas vaginalis.

The effect of Listeria monocytogenes lipids (Lm lipids) on immunity against Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans and Trichomonas vaginalis was studied in mice. The administration of Lm lipids did not affect significantly the course of T. vaginalis infection. On the other hand, single Lm lipids injection markedly decreased the mortality rate of mice with mycotic infections, and significantly accelerated the elimination of fungal cells from liver, spleen and blood circulation of animals. It is suggested that enhanced resistance of mice conferred by Lm lipids may be related to observed increase in activity of macrophages. The study demonstrated a very low toxicity of Lm lipids preparation.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Assay of IgA specific anti-Trichomonas vaginalis in vaginal secretions by indirect immunofluorescence].

30 vaginal secreta of women affected by acute and chronic trichomoniasis from the Gynaecological Hospital S. Anna of Turin were examined. In the same secreta the specific IgA anti Trichomonas vaginalis were detected using indirect immunofluorescence and titered on LC-Partigen IgA immunodiffusion plates. Only in 30% of these cases a correlation between immunodiffusion and fluorescence test resulted.

Female↗
PubMed1982

Polymorphonuclear cell chemotaxis to secretions of pathogenic and nonpathogenic Trichomonas vaginalis.

Polymorphonuclear cell chemotaxis to secretions of pathogenic and nonpathogenic strains of Trichomonas vaginalis were investigated. Cells from three groups, laboratory workers, patients with urogenital symptoms, and asymptomatic patients attending an antenatal clinic, all showed greater response to secretions of pathogenic strains, when the secretion was dilute. At higher concentrations of secretion, responses to both strains were similar, except in the pregnant group, where increased chemotaxis to pathogenic strains was still evident.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Diagnosis of Trichomonas vaginalis in male urethritis.

Trichomonas vaginalis was diagnosed in 42 (19%) of 227 adult males with urethral discharge. In 27 men (15%) T. vaginalis was isolated together with Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Non-gonococcal urethritis was diagnosed in 15 patients and T. vaginalis was isolated from 47% of such patients. Stained smear preparations, i.e. RapiDiff and acridine orange of modified Diamond's media, were superior to wet smear microscopy for the identification of T. vaginalis. RapiDiff stain was the most sensitive and identified 41 of 42 (98%) positive cultures. It is recommended that all turbid culture media should be stained for the optimal diagnosis of trichomoniasis.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Hemolytic activity of various strains and clones of Trichomonas vaginalis and Tritrichomonas suis].

Hemolytic activity of 7 isolates and 2 clones of Trichomonas vaginalis and 1 isolate and 2 clones of Tritrichomonas suis was determined using incubation with erythrocytes. T. vaginalis hemolyzed all human blood groups, and no correlation between pathogenicity and hemolytic activity was observed and no hemolysin released by the parasite could be detected. No hemolytic activity was observed with strains and clones of T. suis against erythrocytes from all blood groups and with swine erythrocytes.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Trichomonas vaginalis: repeated DNA target for highly sensitive and specific polymerase chain reaction diagnosis.

Trichomoniasis is recognised as a major sexually transmitted disease (STD) in the world and may act as an acquired immunodeficiency syndromes (AIDS) co-factor by enhancing the transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Diagnosis of Trichomonas vaginalis can be achieved by several methods, but sensitive detection means are still lacking. In this study a 2000-bp repeated DNA fragment of T. vaginalis was cloned. Part of a conserved region of this insert was sequenced, two primers (TVK3 and TVK4) were chosen and a highly sensitive detection by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was then developed for T. vaginalis. All strains of T. vaginalis analysed with these primers gave the expected 350-bp fragment and a 450-bp additional fragment. Sequence analysis of these PCR amplification products revealed that the 450-bp fragment contained the 350-bp with a 100-bp insertion characterised by a TGG microsatellite. A second primer set, namely TVK3 and TVK7 (determined at the border of the insertion), yielded PCR products of expected sizes. After amplification we were able to detect a single parasite. We also detected T. vaginalis in vaginal fluids of patients with STD. There was no reaction with human DNA or other infectious agents. It appears that the two set primers are highly specific of T. vaginalis and provide a useful tool for PCR diagnosis in asymptomatic and symptomatic patients especially among the HIV at risk individuals.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparative pathogenicity of Trichomonas vaginalis isolated from symptomatic and asymptomatic cases.

Pathogenicity of 19 isolates of Trichomonas vaginalis obtained from vaginal specimens were studied in the murine model by intraperitoneal inoculation. Sixteen isolates were recovered from the females with various clinical conditions and 3 isolates were from normal healthy females. Pathogenicity level of these isolates were studied by inoculating 5 mice per isolate through intraperitoneal route and the animals were sacrificed on the 10th day post-inoculation. In general, all the isolates recovered produced infection in mice. On comparison with the reference strain obtained from Hoechst India Ltd., seven isolates recovered from symptomatic cases and one strain from healthy females produced severe infection in mice. Though variation in the pathogenicity level was observed among the isolates, a definite correlation between the clinical picture in the natural host and pathogenicity in mice was not observed.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Epidemiologic analysis of Trichomonas vaginalis infection in inflammatory smears.

Infections of the lower reproductive tract are common in Indian women of reproductive age. Hospital-based cytologic screening was undertaken on 63,265 women. The smears were examined for the presence of specific infections, such as Candida, herpes simplex virus, human papillomavirus, Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) and Chlamydia. This paper highlights the prevalence of TV infection in inflammatory cervical smears. Among the various infections detected, the rate of TV infection was the highest (5.1%). On further analysis the rate of TV infection showed an increasing trend up to the age of 49 years; an inverse association was observed with the educational status of the women. The prevalence was high in women with clinical signs (vaginitis, 6.9%) and low in those with a prolapsed uterus (1.2%) as compared to a normal cervix. These observations reveal the need for providing proper counseling and education on sexual behavior and genital hygiene besides treatment to control and prevent these infections.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Relationships of Trichomonas gallinae to the palatal-esophageal junction of ring doves (Streptopelia risoria) as revealed by scanning electron microscopy.

Ring doves (Streptopelia risoria) were experimentally infected with pathogenic (virulent) Trichomonas gallinae so that trichomonad activities in the upper alimentary tract, prior to canker formation, could be examined with scanning electron microscopy. Between 6 and 15 hr postinoculation low numbers of ameboid T. gallinae were attached to apical microfolds and cell borders of the palatal-esophageal junction squamous epithelium. Initial parasite activities at tightly attached cell borders and apical microfolds suggest that some parasite-secreted factor or factors initiated squamous cell damage, separation, and removal. As squamous cell borders separated, trichomonads invaded areas beneath them and ultimately aided in their complete removal. Accelerated parasite-mediated desquamation, the invasion of increased mucosal surface area by trichomonads, and the eruption and expansion of cankers were the primary changes to the palatal-esophageal junction and other upper alimentary tract tissues that occurred between 19 and 240 hr postinoculation.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Routine detection of Trichomonas vaginalis in genital specimens using culture in microtitre trays.

The culture of genital specimens for the detection of Trichomonas vaginalis is generally regarded as the most sensitive technique available for routine use. However, the technique is relatively expensive and time-consuming, involving the preparation of one or more wet mounts from the culture to observe motile trichomonads. Considerable savings in cost and time can be achieved by using culture in microtitre trays and visualisation with an inverted microscope.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis in prostitutes in Turkey.

Prostitutes are an important group for the transmission of a number of sexually transmitted diseases (STD) all over the world. Infection with T. vaginalis is one of the most common. In this study, the incidence and diagnostic procedures for Trichomonas vaginalis infection as one of the sexually transmitted diseases (STD's) have been studied. In legal prostitutes in Ankara, Turkey, 64 (25%) of 225 vaginal wet smears were positive for T. vaginalis. There was no significant difference between the detection rates of direct phase-contrast microscopy and culture for the identification of T. vaginalis.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pathogenicity of a strain of Trichomonas gallinarum in turkeys and its possible interaction with cecal coccidia.

The pathogenicity of Trichomonas gallinarum (TG) in turkeys and chickens was assessed in a series of four experiments. TG was shown to be resistant to freezing for a period of 1 hr at -20 C; birds administered an emulsion of previously frozen TG were readily infected. Young birds receiving this inoculum were more likely to be infected with TG in both ceca compared with birds administered TG emulsion that had remained at room temperature for the same length of time. In this and other experiments, birds infected with the parasite consistently produced a yellow frothy liquid in the ceca, as well as small raised papulae on the mucosal surface of the ceca. Histologically, the lesions were located in the lamina propria, with openings that extended from the apex of the lesion to the crypts. The lamina propria was consistently infiltrated by lymphocytes and scattered heterophiles. Although TG is likely involved in the pathogenesis of the lesions, the resulting pathology could not be linked definitively to TG alone because inoculation was performed with a cecal contents homogenate containing significant numbers of cecal bacteria. Combined infections of TG and Eimeria adenoides (EA) were also studied. Turkeys administered both parasites were more frequently infected with TG in both ceca compared with those that received TG alone. Ceca infected with TG alone tended to be enlarged and gas filled, whereas those infected with the combination of TG and EA were smaller and usually lacked the yellow frothy liquid contents.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Biochemical properties of a neuraminidase of Trichomonas vaginalis.

Trichomonas vaginalis possesses a membrane-associated neuraminidase activity that is released into culture medium during its growth in vitro. The neuraminidase shows an optimum pH of 4.5 and a Km of 0.15 mM for 2'-(4-methylumbelliferyl)-alpha-D-N-acetyl-neuraminic acid as a substrate. This enzyme releases mainly alpha-2,3-linked sialic acid because it is able to liberate sialic acid from sialyllactose (mainly alpha-2,3) but not from mucin (alpha-2,6) or fixed erythrocytes (mainly alpha-2,6). The neuraminidase activity is strongly inhibited by 2,3-dehydro-2-deoxy-N-acetyl neuraminic acid, whereas EGTA and Ca2+ do not affect the activity. Gel filtration-fast protein liquid chromatography of culture supernatant displays a single peak of neuraminidase activity with molecular weight 52,000. The levels of neuraminidase activity are variable in fresh and long-term grown isolates of T. vaginalis, regardless of time in culture. However, there are 2 kinds of isolates, 1 group with high neuraminidase activity and able to secrete the enzyme during growth and the other with low neuraminidase activity. The results suggest that T. vaginalis possesses a membrane-associated neuraminidase that is present to a variable degree in different isolates.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Prevalence of vaginal infections with bacterial vaginosis, Trichomonas vaginalis and Candida albicans among pregnant women at the Port Moresby General Hospital Antenatal Clinic.

A clinico-sociodemographic and microbiological survey was carried out at the Port Moresby General Hospital Antenatal Clinic to determine the prevalences of bacterial vaginosis, Trichomonas vaginalis and Candida albicans vaginal infections in pregnancy and to examine if the infections had any association with some suspected sociodemographic risk factors. The study was carried out between December 1990 and January 1991. Of 206 consecutive subjects surveyed, 79 (38%) had symptomatic infection. However, on speculum examination, abnormal discharge was seen in 188 (91%). 118 (57%) had microbiologically confirmed infection. The prevalences of the individual infections were T. vaginalis 19%, C. albicans 23% and bacterial vaginosis 23%. Combined infection, i.e. two infections occurring together in the same subject, was uncommon. None of the infections had an association with any of the sociodemographic characteristics studied. Of the 118 positive subjects, 52 (44%) complained of vaginal discharge and 55 (47%) complained of pruritus.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The induction and disappearance of complement-fixing antibodies in the blood serum of experimental animals under the antigenic action of Trichomonas vaginalis, T. hominis and T. tenax].

For studying the dynamics of induction and disappearing of complement-fixing antibodies (CFA) specific to Trichomonas vaginalis, T. hominis and T. tenax we have immunized rabbits intravenously with live individuals of the protozoa as well as intravenously, intramuscularly and subcutaneously with individuals killed at 56 degrees C. Each method of immunization was carried out by 5 inoculations with intervals of 10 days. For carrying out quantitative complement fixation we have taken blood from the ear vein of all immunized rabbits immediately before the immunization and also after it, each 10th day during one year. The dynamics of rising and lowering of titres depended on the species of trichomonads and on the method of immunization. The antigens of T. vaginalis and T. hominis induced CFA in much higher titres as antigens of T. tenax. Titres of CFA specific for all three species of above-mentioned trichomonads rose most rapidly and to the highest level when the immunization of rabbits was carried out intravenously with live individuals of protozoa. Normalization of the titres of CFA has taken place during one year at least.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

[Trichomonas in pleural empyema].

Trichomonas sp. was found in a patient with empyema and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. This is a uncommon finding. A wet mount of pleural fluid is recommended to be observed by light microscopy.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Tubulin post-translational modifications in the primitive protist Trichomonas vaginalis.

Using several specific monoclonal antibodies, we investigated the occurrence and distribution of different post-translationally modified tubulin during interphase and division of the primitive flagellated protist Trichomonas vaginalis. Immunoblotting and immunofluorescence experiments revealed that interphasic microtubular structures of T. vaginalis contained acetylated and glutamylated but non-tyrosinated and non-glycylated [Brugerolle and Adoutte, 1988: Bio Systems 21: 255-268] tubulin. Immunofluorescence studies performed on dividing cells showed that the extranuclear mitotic spindle (or paradesmosis) was acetylated and glutamylated, which contrast with the ephemeral nature of this structure. Newly formed short axostyles also contained acetylated and glutamylated tubulin suggesting that both post-translational modifications might take place very early after assembly of microtubular structures. Our results indicate that acetylation and glutamylation of tubulin appeared early in the history of eukaryotes and could reflect the occurrence of post-translational modifications of tubulin in the primitive eukaryotic cells. These cells probably had a highly ordered cross-linked microtubular cytoskeleton in which microtubules showed a low level of subunit exchange dynamics.

Acetylation↗