Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “THYMECTOMY”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 523 records · Page 29Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Response of agranulocytosis to thymectomy in a patient with thymoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

A patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia presented with recurrent episodes of severe neutropenia. This neutropenia was initially responsive to prednisone but eventually became refractory. A spindle-cell thymoma was diagnosed and resected with dramatic improvement in his granulocytopenia. Both autologous and heterologous granulocyte macrophage colony growth were clearly inhibited by the patient's serum. This is the first reported case of severe granulocytopenia associated with a thymoma that seemed to be reversed following thymectomy.

Agranulocytosis↗
PubMed1993

Effects of neonatal thymectomy on the densities of nicotinic cholinergic receptors in skeletal muscle and brain.

It has been suggested that the thymic polypeptide thymopoietin interacts with skeletal muscle nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) and brain nicotinic receptors labeled by alpha-bungarotoxin (alpha-BuTX). In this study, the effects of neonatal thymectomy on the density of skeletal muscle nAChRs and the density of brain alpha-BuTX binding sites at 7 and 45 days postnatal were investigated. In addition, the densities of receptors in the skeletal muscle and brain of the athymic nu/nu mouse at 42 days postnatal were measured. We found little evidence that the absence of the thymus alters the density of nicotinic receptors in either skeletal muscle or brain.

Aging↗
PubMed1995

Effect of neonatal thymectomy on murine small intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes expressing T cell receptor alpha beta and "clonally forbidden V beta s".

Neonatal thymectomy NTX performed on Day 3 of C3H mice causes over a 50% reduction in small intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) expressing the alpha beta T cell receptor (TCR) when analyzed at 10 weeks of age. Furthermore, this reduction is most notable in alpha beta TCR IEL expressing the CD8 alpha homodimer and no Thy 1 marker. This is in direct contradiction to the present theory that alpha beta TCR IEL expressing these markers are thymic independent. Evaluation of V beta expression shows a relative increase in V beta s which are clonally forbidden (V beta s 3, 5, 11), and which is consistent with the extrathymic origin of these particular IEL.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Myasthenia gravis, thymectomy, and antiacetycholine receptor antibody.

The antiacetylcholine receptor antibody was titered in the serum of 63 patients with myasthenia gravis (MG) and 20 control healthy subjects. The titer was significantly high in 92% of MG patients in contrast with none of the controls and no correlation was found with the thymus pathology and the severity of the disease. The titer decreased after thymectomy almost steadily with the improvement of the myasthenic signs. The role of the antibody in the pathogenesis of the disease is discussed.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1976

Evaluation of results of thymectomy in myasthenia gravis.

The results of thymectomy carried out in 150 cases of myasthenia gravis are discussed. In a group of 123 cases followed for 1 to 5 years after the operation, full remission was observed in 24.4% of cases, significant improvement in 36.6%, slight improvement in 24.4% and no improvement in 8.1%, while deterioration occurred in 1.6% of patients. No correlation was found between the result of the operation and the age and sex of patients, but better results were achieved in those treated surgically rather soon after the onset of symptoms. This correlation was particularly evident in the group with full remissions. The results obtained in the cases without thymic tumors were better than in the cases with tumors. No correlation was noted between the results of the operation and the histological characteristics of the thymus in the group with thymic hyperplasia and in the group with thymic atrophy. The surgically treated group (150 cases), compared with the conservatively treated group (75 cases), showed the superiority of the surgical method (lower rate of death and deterioration, higher rate of improvement and remission). In discussing the indications for surgical treatment the authors emphasize that advances in anaesthesiology in recent years have reduced the risk of operation. It is suggested that the indications for surgical treatment should be expanded and operations should be performed as early as possible after the onset of clinical manifestations without regard to the age and sex of the patient. Operation should not be considered in cases belonging to group 1, 2a (sometimes 2b) only, with duration of the disease over 8-10 years and with little or no progression of the process, if the presence of a thymic tumor has been excluded.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Subpopulations of T-lymphocytes in Peyer's patches: sensitivity to antilymphocyte serum and adult thymectomy.

Anti-lymphocyte (ALS) treatment or adult thymectomy of the donor have been shown to depress respectively the cell proliferation and the cytotoxicity in the graft-versus-host (GVH) reaction. A quantitative assay and the histological criteria of the GVH reaction have been used to demonstrate that all the known subpopulations of T-lymphocytes involved in the GVH reaction are present in the Peyer's patches as well as in the spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes in the rat.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Pathological changes in inbred strains of mice following early thymectomy and irradiation.

Mice subjected to thymectomy and irradiation were found to develop a range of pathological change in various organs. These changes were accompanied by antibodies to a variety of self-components. The pattern of pathological and autoimmune change was found to vary with the strain. This strain-related expression did not appear to be associated with the major histocompatibility complex (H-2).

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Alterations in bone-marrow cellularity following thymectomy in rats.

The number of nucleated marrow cells was decreased following neonatal thymectomy in rats, and was corrected by administration of syngeneic lymphoid cells, or by implantation of a syngeneic testis. These results suggest that, in the rat, as has been shown previously in the mouse, lymphoid cells exert parital control over bone marrow cellularity and this effect may be further modulated by sex steroids.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Lymphocyte populations in patients with myasthenia gravis. Influence of thymectomy and immunosuppressive drugs.

The T/B peripheral blood lymphocyte ratio was evaluated in 51 patients with myasthenia gravis by means of the rosette test and HTLA. Total T cells and T gamma and Tmu were decreased while B lymphocytes were increased. E-active rosettes were also above the normal range. The previous thymectomy and/or immunosuppressive treatment restored the T lymphocytes identified by HTLA to normal range while those identified by E rosettes were still reduced. This difference may be due to the different stages of T lymphocyte maturation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Thymectomy for myasthenia gravis: a fourteen-year experience.

Over the last 14 years we have thymectomized 106 myasthenic patients, 62 by transcervical and 44 by transsternal approach. At the end of the follow-up 49 patients (46.2%) had improved, 12 of these (11.2%) being in remission. Our data supply no guidance regarding the prognosis of individual patients at the time of thymectomy. In our hands neither operation seemed to modify the natural course of myasthenia gravis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Effect of thymectomy on myasthenia gravis and autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura in a 13-year-old girl.

We report the association of myasthenia gravis (MG) and autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura (AITP) in a 13-year-old girl. The co-existence of these autoimmune diseases is rare in adults and, to our knowledge, never described in children. In our patient thymectomy had a therapeutic effect on both MG and AITP, suggesting a altered T-cell function as a pathogenic factor of major importance in both affections.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Immunohistochemical and electron microscopic changes in the endocrine pancreas after thymectomy.

This study showed that six months after adult thymectomy blood glucose level in rats was significantly lower compared to that of control animals. The low glucose level found in thymectomized rats was accompanied by structural changes in the pancreatic islets. Electron microscopy and paraldehyde fuchsin (PAF) stained paraffin sections revealed partial degranulation of B-cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Hypertrophic gastritis with hypergastrinemia and protein loss after neonatal thymectomy in mice.

Hypertrophic gastritis, histologically characterized by a depletion of parietal and chief cells and by varying degrees of lymphocyte infiltration along the thickened muscularis mucosa, could be induced by neonatal thymectomy (Tx) without any additional treatment in about 50% of mice (C3H/HeMs X 129/J)F1 (C3.129). The thickness of the mucosa in gastritic mice increased with age, forming giant folds. In Tx mice with an early stage of abnormal mucosal folds at 6 months of age, numbers of parietal cells per mucosal tissue unit area (parietal cell densities) and ratios of parietal cells to mucous cells became lower than in control mice, and serum gastrin levels became contrastingly higher with the increasing severity of gastritis. Circulating antibodies against parietal cells (APA) were detected by indirect immunofluorescence (IFL) in the mice. A good correlation was observed between APA and gastritis: APA with high titers (more than 1,000-fold dilutions) appeared when severe lesions were found. In mice with giant mucosal folds at 18 months of age, serum protein levels were within normal limits, but fecal clearance rates of 125I-labelled polyvinylpyrrolidone (125I-PVP) were significantly increased. These results suggest that the hypertrophic gastritis induced by neonatal Tx is characterized by hypergastrinemia due to parietal cell depletion caused by the presence of circulating APA and the protein loss from the hypertrophic mucosa. Both histological and physiopathological similarities were found between the gastritis in the mice and Menetrier's disease in man.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Cisatracurium in a myasthenic patient undergoing thymectomy.

PURPOSE: The report investigates cisatracurium neuromuscular block in a myasthenic patient undergoing thymectomy. CLINICAL FEATURES: A myasthenic patient (Osserman II B) was prepared preoperatively with 240 mg x day(-1) pyridostigmine. The neuromuscular block produced by 0.05 mg x kg(-1) cisatracurium was monitored by Datex electromyography. The electromyographic response was compared with that in a control group of five non-myasthenic patients. In the myasthenic patient, cisatracurium resulted in a rapid onset of complete (97-98%) neuromuscular block, while a slow onset of partial (80-90%) block was achieved in the control group. Also, administration of 0.05 mg x kg(-1) neostigmine at the end of surgery reversed the neuromuscular block of cisatracurium in the non-myasthenic patients, but did not change the rate of spontaneous recovery in the myasthenic patient. CONCLUSION: The myasthenic patient is sensitive to cisatracurium, as evidenced by a more rapid onset and more marked neuromuscular block compared with the control non-myasthenic patients. This may be attributed to the decreased number of functional endplate acetylcholine receptors in the myasthenic patient, with a consequent decrease of the safety margin of neuromuscular transmission. Also, in contrast with the control group, the rate of recovery from neuromuscular block in the myasthenic patient was not enhanced by neostigmine at the end of surgery. This may be attributed to the prior inhibition of acetylcholinesterase by the preoperative pyridostigmine, as well as by possible desensitization of the cholinergic receptors secondary to prolonged pyridostigmine therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Extended thymectomy in patients with myasthenia gravis with high thoracic epidural anesthesia alone.

Successful extended thymectomy was performed in three patients with myasthenia gravis under only high thoracic epidural anesthesia with voluntary breathing. It was not necessary to intubate a tracheal tube during operation for any of the patients. Neither muscle relaxants nor volatile anesthetic agents were required. The mean operating time was 2.0 +/- 0.5 hours. The drainage tubes were removed the day after operation in all patients. In two patients the arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) and the arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) and oxygen (PaO2) were stable; in the third patient the SaO2 was temporarily decreased to 92 mmHg when bilateral mediastinal pleura were opened. The right pleural defect was then covered with a large wet towel, which was pressed on the defect, and thoracic drainage was performed. The left pleural defect was repaired with 3-0 Vicryl after suctioning the air in the pleural space, after which the SaO2 recovered. All patients were able to drink water and walk within 1 hour after the operation. This procedure is advantageous in that the use of muscle relaxants and volatile anesthetic agents prevented the laryngeal injury that results from translaryngeal intubation; in turn we avoided causing postoperative respiratory insufficiency. This may be suitable for the operation of some patients with MG, but further studies are required to define the indication.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Sleep apnoea in well-controlled myasthenia gravis and the effect of thymectomy.

We conducted overnight polysomnographic sleep studies of 16 patients (5 men and 11 women) with clinically well-controlled myasthenia gravis (MG). The subtypes of MG were IIA (3 patients), IIB (11 patients), IV (1 patient) and V (1 patient). Twelve patients were found on polysomnography to have obstructive and/or central types of the sleep apnoeas (SA). Their mean age was 42.4, SD 16.4 years, and the mean duration of MG was 7.4, SD 6.96 years. SA was not detected in 4 patients whose mean age was 30.8, SD 10.71 years and who had manifested MG for a mean duration of only 0.9, SD 0.65 years. Thus, patients with a longer duration of MG tended to have more SA. In 9 of the 12 SA patients, polysomnographic studies were repeated following thymectomy. SA had resolved in 6 patients, but persisted in 3. These findings suggest that SA is a possible clinical manifestiation of MG and that nocturnal dysfunction of both peripheral and central colinergic systems may be involved.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Matched-pair comparison of three different approaches for thymectomy in myasthenia gravis.

BACKGROUND: Because of the lack of evidence-based data comparing different techniques for thymectomy (Thx), a matched-pair study was conducted to evaluate the role of thoracoscopic Thx (tThx) more objectively. METHODS: Of 182 patients who underwent Thx, 3 groups according to the operation technique were matched for myasthenia gravis (MG) without thymoma, age, gender, and severity of MG. Twenty patients each who had Thx through anterolateral thoracotomy (aThx), extended median sternotomy (sThx), and tThx were compared for length of operation, postoperative morbidity, complete remission, quantification of improvement of MG, and cosmetic results. RESULTS: Complete tThx required 197 +/- 35 min as compared to 113 +/- 43 min for sThx and 82 +/- 27 min for aThx (P <0.001). With zero mortality the overall postoperative morbidity rate was 25% for sThx versus 15% for aThx and 5% for tThx (P <0.05). There was no difference in complete remission of MG. The median activities of daily living (ADL) scores improved by 6.0 (1-19) after tThx, 5.5 (2-4) after sThx, and 7.5 (0-12) after aThx. Best cosmetic results were achieved after tThx. CONCLUSIONS: There was adequate cumulative medium-term improvement of MG and less postoperative morbidity after tThx, which may become the preferred technique for Thx.

Adult↗