Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “THORIUM DIOXIDE”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 523 records · Page 29Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

A case of acute lymphoblastic leukemia and thorotrast-accumulation.

A case of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), in a 50 years old patient, 26 years after thorotrast injection, is reported. In spite of intensive therapy, he died 2 years after diagnosis of disease. The cytogenetic showed the usual thorotrast radiation-induced abnormalities, although to a greater extent than reported in leterature. Furthermore a hypodiploidy was present, which was connected with ALL. In addition the patient exhibited the interesting phenomenon of giant satellites on one of his D14-chromosomes. This abnormally was found also in his mother and son. The question arises, how far the inherited cytogenetic pattern and the thorotrast radiation each contributed to the development of ALL.

Bone Marrow Examination↗
PubMed1983

Acinetobacter mediastinitis and pneumonia in a thorotrastoma patient. The oropharyngeal flora as source of infection.

A case of bilateral pneumonia, mediastinitis and septicaemia caused by Acinetobacter calcoaceticus and Candida albicans is described. The infections occurred after a palliative operation for an esophagotracheal fistula in a thorotrastoma patient. The oropharynx was colonized by the two microorganisms at admission and is presented as the source of these infections. Clinical management and antimicrobial policy, including oropharyngeal decontamination, leading to a good outcome are reported.

Acinetobacter Infections↗
PubMed1978

Thorotrast kinetics and radiation dose: results from studies in thorotrast patients and from animal experiments.

As a presupposition for estimating the mean tissue dose from intravascularly injected Thorotrast results of investigations on tissue distribution and steady state activity ratios of 232Th and daughters in Thorotrast patients were compiled and are presented as "best estimates". Special emphasis has been given to the non-uniformity of Thorotrast distribution on the organ and cellular level on the basis of results from animal experiments. Moreover, the variation widths of the mean tissue doses were calculated from the individual standard errors of the mean Thorotrast tissue distribution and activity ratios. According to the results of Thorotrast tissue distribution analyses about 97% of intravascularly injected colloidal ThO2 are retained by the organs of the reticulo-endothelial-system (RES) of the average Thorotrast patient (liver: 59%; spleen: 29%; bone marrow: 9%). Only 0.7 and 0.1% are distributed within the lungs and the kidneys, respectively. The fractional retention of 232Th in the marrow-free skeleton proved to be 2% on the average. Considering in addition the results on the steady state activity ratios between 232Th and its daughters and self-absorption of alpha-energy in Thorotrast agglomerates the mean annual tissue doses to the liver, spleen, red bone marrow, lungs (respiratory zone), and cells on bone surface, e.g., from 30 ml intravascularly injected Thorotrast are about 30 (10-70), 80 (30-200), 10 (4-27), 4.5 (1.8-11.3), and 15 (6-38) rad. The variation widths of the mean tissue doses given in brackets are based upon an average individual standard error of the mean Thorotrast tissue distribution and activity ratios of 150%. The data on mean tissue doses, however, do not include variations of the dose due to macroscopic inhomogeneities of Thorotrast distribution on the organ level, which in the liver may go up to a factor of 50. Contrary to the mean tissue dose the local annual dose, i.e., the dose to cells adjacent to the surface of 0.1-50 micron Thorotrast aggregates is between 40 and 40,000 rad.

Alpha Particles↗
PubMed1977

Cervical Thorotrast granuloma: an iatrogenic cause of dysphagia.

Thorotrast granuloma of the neck is an extensive benign connective tissue overgrowth secondary to localized extravasation of contrast. This can present with dysphagia secondary to mass effect or motor disorder of swallowing related to demyelinization of the ninth through twelfth cranial nerves. The radiographic appearance is characteristic in both location and density.

Deglutition Disorders↗
PubMed1988

A case of cholangiocarcinoma detected after follow-up for seven years for thorotrast deposition.

A 73-year-old former soldier in whom a deposition of thorotrast had been detected 7 years previously was admitted to our hospital because of high fever and epigastric pain. He had been well with standard liver function tests within the normal range until 4 months before admission. Laboratory examination on admission showed marked abnormalities in the liver function tests and an elevated level of CEA. Abdominal ultrasonography and computerized tomography, which had shown no space-occupying lesion in the liver one year earlier, revealed an abnormal mass in the right hepatic lobe. Angiographic examination revealed low vascularity and encasement of the intrahepatic artery. The disease was diagnosed as thorotrast-induced cholangiocarcinoma. Despite chemotherapy, the patient's condition worsened rapidly and he died on the 78th day after admission. At autopsy, the primary tumor in the right hepatic lobe and metastatic nodular tumors throughout the liver were found. The histological diagnosis was cholangiocarcinoma. Thorotrast-induced liver cancers are inclined to grow rapidly, so early diagnosis of liver tumor accompanied by thorotrastosis is very difficult, as in this case. Repeated examinations at frequent intervals are required for early diagnosis.

Adenoma, Bile Duct↗
PubMed1979

Effect of scarlet fever toxin on the phagocytic activity of the reticuloendothelial system.

In normal rabbits and mice, one i.v. injection of scarlet fever toxin (ET) (30 000 STD per kg of rabbit weight or 20-g mouse) elicited a similar biphasic change in carbon clearance rate - early depression followed by a stimulating phase - as has been described for Gram-negative endotoxins. Prolonged depression without a subsequent stimulation phase was obtained in mice by raising the ET dose. The reasons of the discrepancy between these findings and those of Hanna and Watson (1965b) are discussed. Pyrogenic tolerance to ET is not accompanied by accelerated carbon clearance and is not impaired by RES blockade. A possible mechanism of ET tolerance is suggested.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Thorotrast-induced cholangiocarcinoma: case report.

Thorotrast, a contrast medium used extensively before being banned in 1950s, delivers a densely ionizing, high linear energy transfer type of radiation that predisposes to malignancies. We report a case of peripheral cholangiocarcinoma and describe its computed tomographic and magnetic resonance imaging features in a patient who developed it 48 years after exposure to Thorotrast.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

International radiobiology archives of long-term animal studies: structure, possible uses and potential extension.

Animal experiments have contributed a great deal to our information on effects and risks arising from exposure to radionuclides. This applies, in particular, to alpha-emitting radionuclides where information from man is limited to thorotrast, 224Ra and 226Ra. The late C.W. Mays was the first to suggest that animal data in conjunction with epidemiological data could allow estimates of human risks for radionuclides - predominantly from actinides - where information in man is scarce. The 'International Radiobiology Archives of Long-term Animal Studies' were created through the combined efforts of European, American and Japanese scientists and aim to safeguard the large amount of existing data on long-term animal experiments and make them available for, among others, an improved assessment of risks from alpha-emitting radionuclides. This paper summarizes the structure of the archives and reviews their present status and future plans. It also demonstrates the extensive information available in these archives on alpha-emitting radionuclides which is suitable for further analysis. Also, the structure of the animal archives could - in a slightly modified form - accommodate the epidemiological data available on 224Ra and thorotrast and, thus, facilitate a direct comparison of data from man, dogs and rodents.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Cytobiologic and clinical aspects in a patient with chronic neutrophilic leukemia after thorotrast exposure.

A patient with fairly typical chronic neutrophilic leukemia, as represented by some two dozen such reported cases, had been given Thorotrast more than 20 years before. Typical myeloblastic crisis developed with remarkable terminal leukocytosis. Mature blood neutrophils had normal function with respect to phagocytosis, bacterial killing, metabolic activation, and chemotactic response. The number of cells producing colonies of neutrophils and monocytes in in vitro semisolid cultures was normal in the blood and increased in marrow. Colony size was smaller than is usually observed in normal patients or in typical patients with chronic myeloid leukemia. Termination in blast crisis, also seen in a few other patients with chronic neutrophilic leukemia, indicates that this is indeed a form of leukemia and not a "leukemoid" reaction of obscure cause. The differential diagnosis of extreme neutrophilia is discussed.

Aged↗