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At least 523 records · Page 29Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Lid retractors desinsertion in acquired ptosis and involutional lower lid entropion: surgical implications.

BACKGROUND: An association exists between upper and/or lower lid retractors' desinsertion and acquired ptosis and/or involutional lower lid entropion. METHOD: By highlighting the similarities that exist in the anatomy of the upper and lower lid retractors a possible pathophysiological mechanism leading to acquired ptosis and involutional lower lid entropion is suggested. As a logical consequence, in case of desinsertion, it is proposed to reattach the lid retractors to the tarsus. RESULTS: With this simple "physiological" surgical approach it is possible to treat with success a great majority of acquired ptosis and/or involutional lower lid entropion. CONCLUSION: Repairing upper and/or lower lid retractors' desinsertion can cure acquired ptosis and/or involutional lower lid entropion.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Cross-over replantation after bilateral traumatic lower-leg amputation: a case report with a six-year follow-up.

A suicidal 66-year-old female patient was run over by a train. The lower extremities were amputated at different levels. On the right side, there was a complete amputation in the distal third of the lower leg. Proximal to the amputation site, there was an extensive soft-tissue and bone defect. On the left side, there was a crush injury of the tarsus and mid-tarsal bones. The left lower leg showed only minimal injuries. An ipsilateral (anatomic) replantation was not possible. In order to save one lower extremity, a cross-over (contralateral) replantation of the right foot to the left lower leg was carried out. After a follow-up of 6 years, the patient is able to walk well with a prosthesis on the right side, and the right foot replanted to the left lower leg. From a psychological point of view, it seemed better for the patient to preserve one extremity, even with a cross-over replanted foot.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

[Frontalis suspension with "expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) strips" in congenital ptosis].

BACKGROUND: The Frontalis Suspension Technique is indicated in cases with minimal or no levator function. At the beginning sutures were used as sling material and after further modifications suture material was replaced by autologous or homologous fascia lata. In the last years ePTFE has proved to be a very suitable sling material. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Since ePTFE is very biocompatible, it was used for this modified frontalis suspension technique. The anterior tarsal surface is exposed and a small tunnel is created between the skin incision and the second incision superior to the brow. An 0.3 mm thin ePTFE strip is induced into the tunnel and connects the upper lid with the frontalis muscle. The ePTFE Soft Tissue Patch must be exactly adapted to the tarsus and has to be deeply sutured to the frontalis muscle below the brow incision. Since 1994 17 modified frontalis suspension procedures have been performed on 14 patients. RESULTS: The functional and cosmetic result were good in nearly all patients. No implant had to be removed during the follow up period. DISCUSSION: The new technique of frontalis suspension using a ePTFE strip guarantees a regular upper lid lifting by the axial and direct connection of the anterior tarsal surface with the frontalis muscle.

Blepharoptosis↗
PubMed1994

[Surgery of advanced atonic senile ectropion].

In cases of senile ectropion the orbicularis muscle and the skin of the lower eyelid lose their elasticity and tonus. After excision of the conjunctiva and the tarsus, enlarged by granulomatous inflammation, the free posterior border of the lower eyelid is nicely applied against the eyeball and the lower eyelid recovers its elasticity and practically normal tonus. Often excess fibro-elastic tissue forms a spontaneous vertical fold over a distance half of the distance over which the eyelid should have been shortened. Excision of the excess tucked lower eyelid tissue results in a highly satisfactory esthetic and functional cure.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Hallux varus congenitus in polydactyly patients].

The authors report on experience gained in the surgical treatment of eight patients with congenital hallux varus associated with polydactyly of the big toe. Aside from a description of the "radiological anatomy", the paper focuses in particular on the intraoperative soft tissue findings. In addition to the supernumerary bone structures, muscle and tendon anomalies were found in all the patients. In four patients the cause of the varus malposition was found to be fibrous stands extending from the rudimentary big toe to the tarsus. In five patients the abductor hallucis muscle was found to be shortened. An analysis of the surgical results shows that these soft tissue changes must be taken into account during surgery. In addition to complete removal of the polydactylic supernumerary, fibrous strands must be resected and shortened muscles severed or elongated. In many cases, operations on the basal joint capsule and plastic surgery are also necessary.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1989

[Angular measurements of the hindfoot in CT].

The absence of soft tissue superimposition on bone makes CT greatly superior to conventional radiographs, even using special views, for demonstrating the hind foot. Views derived from both methods are compared. Semicoronary and transverse planes have been defined in relation to specific points in the tarsus. In the semicoronary plane, the calcaneus-valgus angle varies from +10 degrees (valgus) to -10 degrees (varus) and the sustentaculum angle varies from 18 to 28 degrees. In the transverse plane, the plantar talocalcaneal angle is 60 degrees to 70 degrees and the calcaneal-cuboidal angle is 20 degrees to 35 degrees. These values are based on measurements of 62 normal feet. They are valuable for judging quantitatively posttraumatic deformities, displacement of fragments and operative results.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

[Entropion of the upper eyelid--surgical aspects].

At the end of the 19th century several surgical procedures for the treatment of upper eyelid entropion were described. At that time this type of entropion was much more common than it is today. The goal of treatment is to evert the lashes away from the lid margin. This can be accomplished by tightening the anterior lamella combined with a tarsal wedge resection, or by an upward transposition of the lid skin after splitting the upper lid apparatus. The resulting free anterior tarsal surface must be covered by a free graft to prevent tarsal shrinking. The latter would soon cause a recurrence. After upward transposition of the anterior lamella, the excised skin is very suitable for covering the free tarsal surface. A fibrin sealing method is used to fix the graft on the tarsus, thus making sutures unnecessary. Good results, primarily with regard to function, can be achieved with these methods.

Entropion↗
PubMed1988

[Surgical treatment of severe lower lid ectropion with a transplant of skin and perichondrium].

A surgical procedure is described for severe ectropions of the lower lid which cannot be treated successfully by conservative measures or minor surgery. This technique, employing a perichondrocutaneous graft, is superior to traditional methods in terms of both the functional and esthetic results. The composite graft is obtained from the anterior surface of the auricular choncha. In about 50% of the patients the postoperative biopsy showed a chondrogenic activity of the transplanted perichondrium substituting the tarsus. In the other cases, though no cartilaginous growth was noted, there was an intense proliferation of collagen fibers stabilizing the lid and the tarsal region. This procedure leads to both functional and natural esthetic rehabilitation and satisfies the criteria which techniques in plastic surgery have to meet today.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Floppy eyelid syndrome: light and electron microscopy studies].

A 60-year-old patient with "Floppy Eyelid" syndrome was treated by wedge-shaped lid resection. The excised tissue was studied by light and electron microscopy. Apart from the signs of chronic inflammation already described no abnormality was found in the ultrastructure or distribution of the collagen and elastic fibers of the tarsus.

Blepharoptosis↗
PubMed1983

[Tumor removal of the lower lid].

Between 1971 and 1981 118 patients were operated on for tumors of the lower eyelid. On histological examination 68 of them proved to be basal cell carcinomas. The surgical results are discussed. For repairing the central defects of the lower eyelid Hübner's free graft of the tarsus is recommended. Imre's flap was used for defects of the external third or half of the lower lid. In defects of the internal third of the lower lid a small Fricke graft produced the best results. In cases of nonmarginal skin defects Imre's arched plastic operation, different pedicled graft operations and also free skin-grafting were used in addition to excision and direct closure of the wound.

Basal Cell Carcinoma↗
PubMed1981

[Surgical treatment of senile entropion and ectropion of the lower lid (author's transl)].

a) Entropion: When developing or discussing a surgical technique one should try to understand how senile entropion develops. On the basis of clinical observation we can develop a suitable surgical technique from our knowledge of atonic (never spastic) entropion. The technique is described and results discussed. b) Ectropion: Clinical observations indicate two distinct causes of pathology: either elongation of the tarsus or loosening at the points of attachment. The surgical technique should be adapted on the basis of this observation. Surgical methods are discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

[Clinical course and treatment of vernal conjunctivitis (author's transl)].

Vernal conjunctivitis is caused by a hyperplasia of connective tissue. On the upper eyelid, vernal conjunctivitis may manifest in a mild or serious form. The mild form is characterized by isolated small warts on the upper edge of the tarsus. In such cases the conjunctiva tarsi may exhibit increased vascularization with biomicroscopically demonstrable, subepithelial, reticular density of the connective tissue. In the chronic tarsal form large cobble-stone proliferations (condylomata) develop, which may result in a keratopathy (disk-shaped erosion). The association of vernal conjunctivitis with other symptoms of atopy (neurodermitis constitutionalis, bronchial asthma) is indicative of common etiopathogenetic relationships. The serum antibodies present in atopy are immunoglobulins of the E type. The differential diagnosis of vernal conjunctivitis comprises trachoma, paratrachoma, conjunctival folliculosis, and chalaziosis. Therapy consists of a local application of corticosteroid containing drops and ointments, drops containing vasoconstringents and antihistaminics, and of Opticrom eyedrops. In the inveterate bulbar type, subconjunctival injections of corticosteroids are indicated. Frequently, vernal conjunctivitis ceases after onset of puberty. When large and coarse condylomata on the upper eyelid occur together with long-lasting complaints and corneal complications, combined tarsal extirpations after Kuhnt is the method of choice.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1980

[Modification of gold implant for lagophthalmos (author's transl)].

This paper presents a modified procedure for the treatment of paralysis lagophthalmos with gold weights. Instead of a single weight, a mosaic of smaller pieces is sewn into the superior tarsus in order to allow a better cosmetic result and an easier eversion of the upper lid when needed.

Eyelid Diseases↗
PubMed2004

Insect aquaplaning: Nepenthes pitcher plants capture prey with the peristome, a fully wettable water-lubricated anisotropic surface.

Pitcher plants of the genus Nepenthes have highly specialized leaves adapted to attract, capture, retain, and digest arthropod prey. Several mechanisms have been proposed for the capture of insects, ranging from slippery epicuticular wax crystals to downward-pointing lunate cells and alkaloid secretions that anesthetize insects. Here we report that perhaps the most important capture mechanism has thus far remained overlooked. It is based on special surface properties of the pitcher rim (peristome) and insect "aquaplaning." The peristome is characterized by a regular microstructure with radial ridges of smooth overlapping epidermal cells, which form a series of steps toward the pitcher inside. This surface is completely wettable by nectar secreted at the inner margin of the peristome and by rain water, so that homogenous liquid films cover the surface under humid weather conditions. Only when wet, the peristome surface is slippery for insects, so that most ant visitors become trapped. By measuring friction forces of weaver ants (Oecophylla smaragdina) on the peristome surface of Nepenthes bicalcarata, we demonstrate that the two factors preventing insect attachment to the peristome, i.e., water lubrication and anisotropic surface topography, are effective against different attachment structures of the insect tarsus. Peristome water films disrupt attachment only for the soft adhesive pads but not for the claws, whereas surface topography leads to anisotropic friction only for the claws but not for the adhesive pads. Experiments on Nepenthes alata show that the trapping mechanism of the peristome is also essential in Nepenthes species with waxy inner pitcher walls.

Animals↗
PubMed1971

Temperature-sensitive mutations in Drosophila melanogaster. 8. The homeotic mutant, ss a40a .

There exists in Drosophila a class of mutations called "homeotic" that cause changes in determination of the imaginal discs. The homeotic mutant, ss(a40a), was found to have a temperature-sensitive transformation of the arista segment of the antennal complex to a tarsus of the leg. In a selected stock penetrance was complete, so that at 29 degrees C normal aristae were produced, whereas at 17 degrees C complete tarsi developed in all flies. "Temperature-shift" studies revealed a temperature-sensitive period in the third larval instar. The temperature-initiated action of ss(a40a) does not appear to result from a simple wave or gradient of determination passing through the disc. Shifts up during the temperature-sensitive period yielded leg tissue proximally, which increased distally with progressively later shifts. Shifts down yielded leg tissue at the aristal base, which retreated with later shifts.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Change in a secondary sexual character as evidence of incipient speciation in Drosophila silvestris.

Search for genetic changes that are pivotal in species formation has led to intraspecific studies of Drosophila silvestris, a giant species found only on the geologically new island of Hawaii. Males bear large, curved, modified bristles or cilia on the dorsal surface of the foreleg tibia and tarsus. In males from the south and west parts of the island there are two rows of cilia separated by a naked area, but in males from the north and east there is a mean of between 20 and 30 additional cilia between the two major rows on the tibia. These extra cilia are absent in closely related species of this subgroup, including the sympatric species D. heteroneura and three species from adjacent islands. Males use the foreleg tibiae in vibratory movements against the female's abdomen during courtship, so this character difference is likely to be important in the reproductive biology of the species. Inversion polymorphisms are similar in both northeast and southwest populations; they show large and strikingly parallel altitudinal shifts in frequency distributions involving the same inversions. Populations from various parts of the island cannot be distinguished by routine electrophoresis of soluble proteins encoded by 25 loci. Thus the "extra cilia" character is superimposed on a more ancient genetic background of similarity involving both chromosomal and electrophoretic polymorphisms. We interpret the extra cilia as a specific new embellishment of a secondary sexual character brought about by altered sexual selection occurring very recently in one part of the species range. This suggests incipient speciation.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2003

Prenatal exposure to corticosterone impairs embryonic development and increases fluctuating asymmetry in chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus).

1. The level of corticosterone in fertilised eggs from hens (Gallus gallus domesticus) was manipulated experimentally to elucidate whether stress in laying hens is harmful to the chicks, as manifested by impaired survival and reduced growth, and whether bilateral asymmetry may represent an indicator of environmental stress in poultry. 2. Three hundred and fifty eggs were randomly divided into 4 groups; 1. untreated, 2. control, 3. 10 ng corticosterone/ml and 4. 20 ng corticosterone/ml. Each of the eggs in groups 2, 3 and 4 were injected with 100 microl ethanol-saline solution (25% ethanol in saline) containing 0, 0.6 and 1.2 microg corticosterone, respectively. After the injections, the final concentration of ethanol in the egg (albumen and yolk) was 0.03%, and the concentration of added corticosterone was 0, 10 and 20 ng/ml, respectively, in groups 2, 3 and 4. All the eggs were treated on developmental d 1. 3. Corticosterone injections resulted in greater embryonic mortality, earlier termination of foetal development and reduced growth. Moreover, chicks developing in eggs with an elevated concentration of corticosterone displayed reduced developmental stability as evidenced by increased fluctuating asymmetry (FA) in tarsus length. 4. In conclusion, an increased concentration of corticosterone in the egg was detrimental to survival and growth of the chicks. Prenatal stress also generated bilateral asymmetry, and illustrates the potential application of FA as an indicator of environmental stress in poultry.

Agriculture↗