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PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of urbanization on transmission of human African trypanosomiasis in a suburban relict forest area of Daloa, Côte d'Ivoire.

The epidemiological risk of human African trypanosomiasis transmission was evaluated from entomological parameters (apparent trap density, female teneral rates, daily survival rates, proportion of human feeds) of tsetse (Glossina palpalis palpalis) populations in the town of Daloa, Côte d'Ivoire. High tsetse densities were found in the town outskirts, where the calculated risk of transmission was greatest. Environmental changes brought about by urbanization did not result in the disappearance of tsetse, or the interruption of sleeping sickness transmission. The few cases of sleeping sickness detected (32) in the years 1990-95 indicated that transmission was unrelated to tsetse density.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Organic and inorganic aerosol below-cloud scavenging by suburban New Jersey precipitation.

Ambient aerosol size distributions and chemical composition in Princeton, NJ, were measured during a 10-day period in August 2003. Ten precipitation events during the sampling period maintained low aerosol concentrations, with an average gravimetric PM1.0 of 8.2 +/- 1.6 microg m(-3) and an average Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy-measured PM1.0 of 8.6 +/- 0.8 microg m(-3). A constrained factor analysis shows that the measured aerosol composition data are consistent with coal combustion and motor vehicle emissions. FTIR spectroscopy shows that the alkene fraction of organic mass (OM) was larger in the aerosol samples dominated by motor vehicle emissions than in the samples dominated by coal combustion, but the solvent-rinsing behavior was unaffected by source type. The aerosol OM was hydrophilic throughout the sampling period, with an average of 52% +/- 10% of the identified OM removed in the water-rinsing stage of the FTIR analysis. Measurements before and after rain events showed changes in particle composition and number distribution that were used to characterize the rate and chemical selectivity of particle removal processes associated with precipitation (or, in general terms, scavenging). The changes in ambient particle distributions showed an average PM1.0 below-cloud scavenging coefficient of 7 x 10(-5) +/- 3 x 10(-5) s(-1), with variability associated with chemical composition. The fraction of the aerosol OM removed in water rinses decreased during rain events, typically 55% at the start and 30% at the end of the observed rain events. These measured chemically dependent removal rates are consistent with other field measurements and can be used to improve the description of aerosol lifetimes in global models.

Aerosols↗
PubMed2004

[Experience in a suburban hospital with premature termination of pregnancy in the second trimester].

The present study was performed between 1992 and 1998 and had the aim of examining the activity and side-effects of intravenously administered sulprostone for the induction of abortion in the second trimester. 160 patients were admitted to hospital. 3 were submitted to a hysterectomy; 3 underwent an abortion after cervical priming with Prostin E2 Gel (0.25 mg/ml), 154 were repeatedly treated with an infusion of sulprostone for 6 hours (500 microg Nalodor, 3 A/1000 ml 0.9% NaCl, 250 microg/h (equivalent to 4.17 microg or ca. 55 drops per min.). The mean interval for induction of abortion was 16 h 56 min; 53% of the abortions occurred within 12h; 95% of the abortions occurred within 48 h. Two inductions were unsuccessful. 12 women suffered from atonic bleeding. This study demonstrated that sulprostone infusions are suitable for the induction of abortions in the second trimester and that side-effects are rare. Particular attention must be paid to the complication of bleeding.

Abortion, Eugenic↗
PubMed2002

Parental anxiety as a possible predisposing factor to child dental anxiety in patients seen in a suburban dental hospital in Nigeria.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between parents' anxiety level and that of the child patient. METHODS: The Short Form of the Dental Anxiety Survey Schedule was administered to 81 children who were attending the dental clinic for the first time. The Dental Anxiety Scale was also used to collect relevant information from the parents. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant correlation between the anxiety level of the mother (r = -0.02, P = 0.82) or the father (r = -0.59, P = 0.62) and that of their child. However, bivariate analysis showed a closer association between the anxiety levels of the mother and the child (P = 0.055) compared to that between the father and the child (P = 0.475) although this was again found not to be statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Assessment and management of the anxiety level of the mother may be needed in some cases, both to manage the child effectively and to break the cycle of dental care anxiety in families.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

An outbreak of paederus dermatitis in a suburban hospital in Sri Lanka.

BACKGROUND: In a modern hospital built recently in Sri Lanka the staff members on night shifts and some patients in the open wards were known to be affected by an acute vesicating dermatitis. The study was carried out to identify the cause of the dermatitis and recommend preventive measures. METHODS: Members of the hospital staff and patients who developed an acute vesicating dermatitis over a period of 2 years were studied using a questionnaire. The clinical features, relationship to night shifts and the month of occurrence were noted. Insects were caught at night on several occasions and identified. Lesions were reproduced in volunteers. RESULTS: Out of a total of 124 patients studied, 108 were members of the hospital staff and it was noted that they had all been on night shifts within 2 days prior to the onset of the lesions. The insect caught belongs to class Coleoptera, family Staphylinidae, genus Paederus, and species fuscipes. The incidence was seasonal with clustering of cases seen to occur twice a year. CONCLUSIONS: This is an outbreak of dermatitis due to Paederus fuscipes. Awareness of the condition and its clinical features will prevent misdiagnosis and the simple preventive measures suggested are based on the behavioral pattern of this nocturnal beetle.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

The effect of a proposed transportation facility on noise levels in a suburban community.

A nine month study of current noise levels was made at twenty-two sites within a community in Eastern Pennsylvania to evaluate the noise pollution factors for a proposed highway. An attempt was made to correlateamnient noise levels for each day of theweek with each location. Computer programs were utilized for datareduction, statistical calculations, and prediction of future noise levels. The prediction analyses were composed of contour analyses, sensitive receptor sites analyses, and the "Do Nothing" analysis. Results indicated no noise pollution problems existed during the survey, but future noise levels may exceed Federal Standards for certain sections of the proposed alignments. Factors that cause the unacceptable future noise levels are identified and modifications may be incorporated for adherence to the standards.

Architecture↗