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At least 523 records · Page 29Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Identification of two West African black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) of the Simulium damnosum species complex by analysis of cuticular paraffins.

Simulium damnosum is known to be a sibling species complex with at least 24 cytotaxonomically distinct forms in Africa. Of these, six occur in the area of West Africa covered by the World Health Organization Onchocerciasis Control Programme. They are all vectors of Onchocerca volvulus, and several are capable of migrating great distances. We report here a comparatively simple chemical method of species identification using individual adult females of pooled samples that have been collected and stored dry in glass vials. Females of two species, S. sirbanum and S. squamosum, were identified by extraction and analysis of cuticular components using gas chromatography. Statistically significant differences were seen between these two species for each of five sets of consistently appearing peaks that were quantitated and compared. The technique has considerable potential for use in the field since extracts or specimens may be stored indefinitely at ambient temperature before analysis.

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PubMedDate not supplied

[Karyotypic characteristics of the genus Prosimulium Roub. (Simuliidae) and the problems of systematics].

A comparative-karyologycal study of 12 species of black flies of the genus Prosimulium was carried out. Species referring to the groups hirtipes and macropyga have similar karyotypical characteristics differing in general in the degree of ploidy of chromosomal sets. Species which form the group alpestre possess peculiar karyologycal characters occupying due to this an intermediate position between the genera Prosimulium and Helodon. They should be separated into a distinct superspecies taxon, Ahaimophaga Chubareva et Rubzov gen. n. P. multicaulis differs karyotypically from other species of the genus Prosimulium but displays a great resemblance to species of Helodon; due to this it should be assigned to the latter.

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PubMed1983

Simulium jenningsi Malloch (Diptera: Simuliidae): a vector of Onchocerca lienalis Stiles (Nematoda: Filarioidea) in New York.

Biting flies were collected from the umbilical areas of Onchocerca lienalis-infected cattle in New York (state) from June through September of 1980. Of the 766 flies collected, 705 were Simulium jenningsi. Microfilariae were detected in the midguts of 37 (50%) of 73 females dissected immediately after the flies had fed. The mean number of larvae per positive fly (fly with microfilariae) was 15.2. Third-stage larvae were recovered from 25 (21.9%) of 114 S jenningsi dissected 8 to 13 days after they had fed on the infected cattle; the mean number of 3rd-stage larvae per positive fly was 3.5. Dissections of flies performed on days 1 through 7 after feeding yielded various numbers of 1st and 2nd-stage larvae from the thoracic muscles. Ovarian dissections performed on 304 S jenningsi attacking cattle indicated an overall parous rate of 58%. Naturally occurring infections with filarial larvae indistinguishable from O lienalis were found in 7.3% of the parous females. Three of these flies, or 1.7% of the parous collection, harbored 3rd-stage larvae. The onset of naturally occurring filarial infections in the population of S jenningsi coincided with a peak in the parous rate in late June. Thereafter, filarial infections were generally detected when the parous rate was above 50%.

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PubMedDate not supplied

[Species makeup and ecological characteristics of the black flies (Simuliidae) in the region of the Baikal-Amur mainline construction].

18 species of black flies were registered from the north of the Amur district. It was found that the eternal frost affects considerably the species composition, abundance and phenology of black flies in this region. Prosimulium isio, Gnus cholodkovskii, G. rostratum and Schönbaueria subpusilla are bloodsucking species; of them G. cholodkovskii is most abundant. Data are given on the breeding places of bloodsuckers and seasonal dynamics of their flight.

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PubMedDate not supplied

[New species of biting flies (Simuliidae)].

Three new species of black flies of the genus Schoenbaueria are described which differ morphologically from other species of this genus. The new species were found in drying up brooks that also differs them from the species of the genus Schoenbaueria which develop mainly in large rivers. Material was collected in the Komsomolsk and Furmanov regions of the Ivanovo district.

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PubMed1980

Laboratory studies on the biology of simulium nigritarse Coquillett and Simulium adersi Pomeroy (Diptera: Simuliidae).

The eggs of both Simulium nigritarse and S. adersi took up to 13 days to hatch in water at a temperature of 25 degrees C. The larvae of S. nigritarse required a minimum of 20 days and those of S. adersi a minimum of 17 days to pupate when reared in water at 20 +/- 1 degrees C. No difference between the sexes was observed in the time taken by the larvae of either species to complete their life cycle. The duration of the pupal stage of S. nigritarse ranged from a minimum of 47 hours at 25 degrees C to a maximum of 569 hours (23,7 days) at 6 degrees C. An ambient temperature of 30 +/- 1 degree C was lethal for both the larvae and the pupae of S. nigritarse. Eclosion of S. nigritarse reaches a peak after sunrise, then the rate declines towards sunset. A mean of 76% of the flies were found to hatch during the day. The time of eclosion of both males and females was similar. Pupation of S. nigritarse could take place at a water-depth of 2 m and was common at a depth of 1,1 m. In still water no negative geotropism could be detected in the behaviour of S. nigritarse larvae and they were positively phototropic. In agitated water larvae did not respond to a light gradient ranging from 5 to 1100 lux. Adult larvae became negatively phototropic before the onset of pupation, which took place in dark, fast-flowing water. S. nigritarse can overwinter in both the larval and the pupal stages.

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PubMed1980

Laboratory colonization and life table statistics for geographic strains of Simulium decorum (Diptera: Simuliidae).

Colonization techniques were developed in order to select mating strains from four geographic populations of Simulium decorum. Although mating strains were established from each locale, emphasis was shifted toward developing permanent colonies from Dryden Lake, New York, USA and Warm Springs, Georgia, USA. The net reproductive rate (Ro) was computed for the parental, F1, and F2 generations of each strain in order to assess the effects of colonization through successive generations. Ro increased rapidly for both strains from parental (range of 0.34-3.5) through F2 generations (range of 16.2-21.6). Analysis of Ro components indicated that the increases in Ro were the result of two parameters that reflect the propensity of flies to mate in confinement, suggesting that selection for mating is rapid. Multiple regression analysis indicated no significant differences between strains or generations when tested against fecundity (range of 391-519) and survival of immatures (range of 90.3-97.2%). A slight positive correlation (regression coefficient of 0.0016, P less than .01) was observed between larval density (range of 284-4,439 larvae per rearing) and survival of immatures, suggesting that the limits of the rearing system with regard to crowding were not approached. Both strains readily adapt to the laboratory and are currently in the fifth generation.

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