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At least 523 records · Page 29Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

A murine cytotoxic T lymphocyte cell line resistant to Vicia villosa lectin is deficient in UDP-GalNAc:beta-galactose beta 1,4-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase.

We have reported the presence of N-acetylgalactosamine linked beta 1,4 to galactose on O-linked oligosaccharides of a cloned murine cytotoxic T cell line and the absence of these residues from the O-linked structures of a Vicia villosa lectin-resistant mutant line, VV6, derived from parental B6.1.SF.1 cells (Conzelmann, A., and Kornfeld, S. (1984) J. Biol. Chem. 259, 12528-12535). This study shows that B6.1.SF.1 cells contain an enzyme which transfers N-acetylgalactosamine from UDP-GalNAc onto the O-linked tetrasaccharides of human glycophorin A, giving rise to pentasaccharides which contain beta-glycosidically linked N-acetylgalactosamine. Desialylated glycophorin was inactive as an acceptor. The enzyme also transfers N-acetylgalactosamine to the N-linked oligosaccharides of the Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein. This glycoprotein is known to contain N-linked oligosaccharides with beta-linked N-acetylgalactosamine residues which constitute the Sda blood group determinant. This N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase could not be detected in VV6 cells which can account for the lack of beta-linked N-acetylgalactosamine residues on its O-linked oligosaccharides. The two cell lines have comparable levels of UDP-GalNAc:apomucin N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase, demonstrating that the enzyme deficiency in VV6 cells is selective. Both cell lines have a similar glycolipid content, with the major component being asialo-GM1. Since this glycolipid contains N-acetylgalactosamine linked beta 1,4 to galactose, it would appear that the N-acetylgalactosyltransferase involved in the biosynthesis of glycolipids is different from the UDP-GalNAc:glycoprotein N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase. An independently derived murine CTL line also contains the UDP-GalNAc:glycoprotein N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase, suggesting that the expression of this enzyme is a common characteristic of this type of cell line.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[Recent progress in development of psychotropic drugs (2)--antipsychotics].

The discovery of chlorpromazine led to rapid progress in drug therapy for schizophrenia. However, conventional neuroleptics frequently induce EPS and tardive dyskinesia in addition to the drawback of having little effect against negative symptoms. New types of atypical antipsychotics has been actively developed in Japan to overcome these drawbacks. Firstly, serotonin-dopamine antagonist (SDA) is most actively developed. Eight SDAs have been introduced into clinical trials: risperidone's trials have been finished and a NDA has been filed, Org 5222 has been dropped because of worsening of significant cases, and 6 SDAs (SM-9018, sertindole, seroquel, AD-5423, ziprasidone and olanzapine) are now under development. Secondly, OPC-14597, a unique atypical antipsychotic has been advanced to the phase 3 study, which has both DA autoreceptor-agonistic and D2-receptor blocking actions. Thirdly, we have much interest in NE-100, a selective sigma receptor antagonist which potently suppresses the phencyclidine-induced behaviors. Finally. a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, alosetron was already dropped because it showed no antipsychotic effects, although it was introduced with great expectations. We hope that as many as possible new antipsychotics will be approved for the battle against schizophrenia.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Multiple red cell transfusions and alloimmunization. Experience with 6996 antibodies detected in a total of 159,262 patients from 1985 to 1993.

This retrospective study of red cell antibodies covered the period from 1985 to 1993. A three-cell antibody screen, 22% albumin enhancement, and a polyspecific antiglobulin reagent assay were performed. From a total of 159,262 patients in the data set, 6996 antibodies were detected among the sera of 4700 patients (2.9%). Four thousand two hundred thirty-five (60.5%) alloantibodies of potential clinical significance were found. These included anti-K1 (23.0%), -E (17.6%), -D (12.4%), -Le(a) (7.3%), -C (6.3%), -Fya (5.7%), and -c (4.4%). Cold agglutinins were found in 1119 positive antibody screens, 261 had warm autoantibodies, and 554 had high-titered, low-avidity antibodies. Three hundred seven were clinically insignificant (eg, Sda and Bga). Five hundred seventeen were too weak to identify. Most patients' sera demonstrated only one antibody (69.3%), but there was a strong linear correlation between the total number of recorded red cell transfusions and the number of antibodies found (r = .976; P < .0001). There was a higher percentage of females with antibodies than the percentage of females in the total study population (59.2% versus 43.8%, P < .0001). Two hundred nine of 554 (37.7%) high-titered, low-avidity antibodies and 349 (31.2%) of 1119 of the cold agglutinins accompanied or obscured clinically significant antibodies.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Various factors influencing in vitro antifungal activities of omoconazole nitrate (OMZ), a new imidazole antimycotic].

Effects of various factors on in vitro antifungal activities of omoconazole nitrate (OMZ) were investigated with bifonazole (BFZ) as the reference drug using an agar dilution method and a broth dilution method. Composition of the culture medium significantly altered the activity as determined by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of OMZ; OMZ exhibited a greater anti-Candida activity (smaller MIC values) on casitone agar (CA) than on Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA). Anti-Candida activity of OMZ was the highest in pH 5 medium, but it was lowered by an increase of inoculum size, a prolongation of the incubation period and the addition of calf serum to the medium. Anti-Trichophyton activity of OMZ was not influenced with these factors except for the addition of calf serum. The activity of OMZ was fungicidal against Candida at pH 5.0 and against Trichophyton at pH 5.0 and 6.6. The geometric mean MIC of OMZ was lower than that of BFZ against C. albicans freshly-isolated on acid CA.

Antifungal Agents↗
PubMed1993

A Monte Carlo technique to establish the water/tissue equivalence of phantom materials.

The quality of phantom materials is crucial for accurate dosimetry in radiotherapy. A wide range of factors such as density, electron density and elemental composition can influence the radiation properties, and hence the absorbed dose, of materials. New materials can be tested by direct measurements which requires considerable time and the availability of relatively large amounts of the material. Alternatively, the dosimetric properties of a proposed phantom material can be compared to those of water or tissue using Monte Carlo calculations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of a Monte Carlo technique for the investigation of the water/tissue equivalence of phantom materials. The material used for this investigation was Standard Dosimetry Agarose (SDA) gel, which is useful in MRI dosimetry. Depth doses in gel and water were calculated for mono-energetic electron beams of 6, 12 and 20 MeV, and photon beams of 60 keV and 6 MV. For each radiation quality the depth dose distributions are in close agreement.

Models, Structural↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Chronic disease associated with long-term concentrations of nitrogen dioxide.

A prospective epidemiologic cohort study of 6,000 residentially stable and non-smoking Seventh-day Adventists (SDA) in California was conducted to evaluate long-term cumulative levels of ambient nitrogen dioxide (NO2) in association with several chronic diseases. These diseases included respiratory symptoms, cancer, myocardial infarction (MI), and all natural causes mortality. Cumulative ambient concentrations of NO2 were estimated for each study subject using monthly interpolations from fixed site monitoring stations and applying these estimates to the monthly residence and work place zip code histories of study participants. In addition, a personal NO2 exposure study on a randomly selected sample of 650 people in southern California was conducted to predict total personal NO2 exposure using household and lifestyle characteristics and ambient NO2 concentrations. It was found that good predictability could be obtained (correlation coefficient between predicted and observed values = 0.79) from a model predicting personal NO2. The resulting regression equations from the personal NO2 exposure study were applied to the epidemiologic study cohort to adjust ambient concentrations of NO2.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Confirmatory method for sulfonamide residues in animal tissues by gas chromatography and pulsed positive ion-negative ion-chemical ionization mass spectrometry.

A confirmatory method has been developed for determination of 13 sulfonamides in edible tissues. The assay involves extraction from a solution resulting from a screening procedure by liquid chromatography and subsequent derivatization. Sulfachloropyridazine (SCP), sulfadiazine (SDA), sulfadimethoxine (SDM), sulfamethazine (SMZ), sulfamerazine (SME), sulfamethoxazole (SMX), sulfamethoxypyridazine (SMP), sulfapyridine (SPR), sulfaquinoxaline (SQX), and sulfathiazole (STA) were detected as the N1-methyl-N4-trifluoroacetyl derivatives, sulfaguanidine (SGU) as the same derivative after cyclization by hexafluoroacetylacetone, and sulfacetamide (SAC) as the methyl derivative. These sulfonamides were detected by gas chromatography and pulsed positive ion-negative ion-chemical ionization mass spectrometry with methane as the reactant gas, whereas sulfanilamide (SAA) was determined as the methyl derivative by electron-impact ionization.

Acylation↗
PubMed1993

[Ultrastructural study on spermatogenesis and sustentacular cell of the testes of Schistosoma japonicum].

This paper deals with the ultrastructural study of the spermatogenesis and sustentacular cell of the testes of Schistosoma japonicum by means of TEM. Albeit several papers have reported on the ultrastructural studies of the testes of male reproductive organ of S. mansoni, no systemic observation on the spermatogenesis of schistosome and ultrastructure of the testes of S. japonicum was available. The authors described the characteristics of the spermatogonium, spermatocyte and different appearance of spermatids. The latter was subdivided into 4 types, namely, Sda, Sdb, Sdc and Sdd, which could be identified by the features of nuclear shape and the density of matrix, the distribution of the mitochondria in the cytoplasm, the appearing and the formation of the acrosome-like structure, the presentation and elimination of the residual bodies, etc. The spermatids were embedded and interdigitated among the sustentacular cells, forming a complicated picture in the field of TEM. The acrosome-like structure and the inclusion of residual bodies were revealed in developing spermatids. The origin and the characteristics of these structures were discussed.

Acrosome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Hematologic changes associated with infection of mice by Cryptococcus neoformans].

The pathogenicity of the L, P and E strains of C. neoformans was studied in 3-5 weeks old CD1 male mice. Cell suspensions containing the most (L), and the least (E) pathogenic strains were inoculated intracerebrally (IC), and intraperitoneally (IP). After 14 days total and differential counts were made for erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets, yeasts from infected organs were recovered in Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA). The capsular material from C. neoformans was used to stimulate in vivo and in vitro platelet production. Mice inoculated with the L strain, showed increase of neutrophils and platelets, decrease of lymphocytes, the yeast was recovered from spleen, liver and lungs and from brain of mice injected by the IC route. In contrast, strain E produced an increase of neutrophils, reduction of lymphocytes, and was only isolated from the brain of mice inoculated IC. The capsular material stimulated the production and maturation of megakaryocytes only in vitro. The development of the infection and the yeast dissemination were associated with increases in the number of platelets, probably as a result of the stimulant effect of the capsular material on the maturation of megakaryocytes.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[Paradoxic changes in the morphology of blood pressure wave in hypertensive heart diseases].

UNLABELLED: The objective is to study the relation between left ventricular (LV) effect (index of LV mass (LVMI) and index of inotropic state) and arterial compliance determined but the proximal aortic pressure waveform and by the carotid femoral pulse wave velocity. MATERIAL: 72 untreated hypertensives; systolic blood pressure (SBP) 170 +/- 18 mmHg/diastolic blood pressure (DBP); heart rate: 69 +/- 9 batt/min; age: 48 +/- 13 years; duration of hypertension 4.6 +/- 4.8 years; sex ratio 49 M/23 F. OBJECTIVE: Proximal aortic pressure waveform (carotid artery) was studied by applanation tonometry. We derived the index of amplification (AI = Pmax-Pinflex)/PP, %), pulse pressure (PP), the maximum rate of rise of pressure (dpdt, mmHg.s-1). Echocardiography was used to define the index of LV mass (VLMI), end systolic volume (ESV), end systolic stress (ESS), myocardial contractile force (ESS/ESV), inotropic state (SBP/ESV). Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity was determined by mechanogram (PWW m/s). RESULTS: 1. Relationship of physiological changes of AI and SDA to age, height, PP, DBP, PWV, and LVMI were observed in table I (r-Pearson cor. coefficient, * < p 0.05; **: p < 0.001). [table: see text] In stepwise regression analysis, even allowing for BP, age, and height, there was no relationship between LVMI and the index of aortic amplification (AI). 2. In the subjects with LVH (LVMI > 110 g/m2) we found a bimodal distribution of the AI which defines two groups in agreement with the Murgo Classification. [table: see text] In type B, where AI is weaker, the indices of aortic rigidity are reduced, there is an increased ESS and a paradoxal fall in LV performances. CONCLUSION: Analysis of proximal aortic pressure waveform don't allow to predict index of LV mass. These results suggest that in the sphere of LV aortic compiling the reduction of LV function contributes to modification of the BP waveform with diminution of dpdt and the index of amplification.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Purification and characterization of human liver-specific membrane lipoprotein (LSP).

A liver-specific lipoprotein (LSP) which is present in 105,000 g supernatants of human liver has previously been shown to produce a lesion resembling chronic active hepatitis in rabbits immunized with human liver fractions containing this lipoprotein. In addition, it has been implicated as the principal target antigen involved in the liver cell cytotoxicity exhibited in vitro by lymphocytes from patients with chronic active hepatitis. The organ-specificity and species cross-reactivity of LSP is confirmed. Although very labile, is has been prepared in a stable form by gel filtration of Sepharose 6B in a Tris buffer containing 1 mm disodium EDTA. LSP is also stable in a borate buffer containing EDTA but is unstable in a number of other buffer systems tested. When prepared by this method it contains approximately 2% albumin as the only detectable contaminant. Gel filtration studies on the apoprotein of LSP revealed that it has an apparent mol. wt of between 4 X 10(6) and 20 X 10(6). SDA-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicated that the lipoprotein may be composed of up to thirteen sub-units of different molecular sizes.

Blood Proteins↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of estradiol on Candida albicans growth.

The size of colonies growing on Sabouraud's dextrose agar (SDA) supplemented with 1 microM beta estradiol (1,3,5[10]-estratiene-3,17B-diol) was compared to those growing without the estrogen supplement. Data (video pixel counts) were obtained by video capture and image analysis and revealed that yeast strains were not uniformly stimulated by estradiol. One estrogen-responsive strain was evaluated in a chemically defined medium to evaluate growth in the presence of 17-alpha and 17-beta isomers of estradiol. The beta isomer promoted more rapid growth of the test organism and resulted in greater biomass production than the alpha isomer. Understanding of the role of mammalian hormones as growth promoting signals may provide information on this organism's shift from saprophytic to commensal to pathogenic status in vivo. Strain variation in response to estrogen may provide an explanation for differences in virulence.

Candida albicans↗
PubMed1996

[Comparison between gastric and esophageal mechano-sensitivity in patients with functional dyspepsia].

UNLABELLED: Patients with non ulcer dyspepsia (NUD) and lowered mechano sensitivity thresholds in stomach may have lowered mechano sensitivity thresholds in oesophagus also. The aim was to check this hypothesis. METHODS: 39 patients with NUD (11 men and 24 women, mean age 57 years, SEM 3.72, range 17-86) and 20 controls (10 men, 10 women, mean age 49.3 years, SEM 3.72, range 31-66) were studied. Organis diseases were discarded. Gastric mechano sensitivity was studied with a latex balloon of low compliance, 8 cm length, connected to a manometer. Balloon was inflated "in ramp" at 10 ml/sec, and "first sensation", discomfort", and "pain" were registered. At 900 ml inflation was stopped if pain was not evoked. Oesophageal mechano sensitivity was studied with another latex balloon of low compliance which, after inflated with 15 ml. of air, was 3.5 cm. in diameter. Esophageal balloon was inflated "in ramp" (1 ml/sec) up 15 ml. and deflated in 2 cm step from 36 to 22 cm from SDA. Inflation was stopped when symptoms (pain or discomfort were evoked. Oesophageal acid perfusion test was performed. RESULTS: 83.4% of controls completed up 700 ml. of gastric distension vs. 35.9% of patients with NUD (p > 0.001). No significative differences in intra-balloon pressure slope were observed between both groups. 79.2% of NUD patients had chest pain with oesophageal ballon distension = < 7 ml. vs. 5% in controls (p > 0.001). Mean volumes were 7.03 ml. (NUD) and 11.9% (controls) (p = 0.001), 63% of dyspeptic patients with lowered gastric sensitivity thresholds (< 700 ml) had oesophagic symptoms with inflation volumes = < 7 ml. There was a positive correlation in stomach and oesophageal mechano sensitivities variations (r = 0.75, +/- 0.58, p > 0.01). When analyzed with that results, oesophageal acid perfusion test showed 38.5% of "mixed sensitivities" (both mechano- and chemo-), 30.7% of "mechano sensorials" (negative acid test, positive balloon test), and 10.3% of :chemo sensorials" (positive acid test only). In 20.5% both tests were normal at the moment they were done. These results agreed with our previous experiences in oesophagus. CONCLUSIONS: It was concluded that a significative proportion of NUD patients had lowered thresholds for mechano stimulation of stomach and oesophagus at the time that both tests were done. Such alterations support the hypothesis that a more general mechano-sensitivity alteration is present in patients with NUD.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

[The bonding strength between plat castable ceramics and mild fusing alloy].

Plat castable ceramics (PCC) was bonded to SDA-I mild fusing alloy using three bonding agents, and the tensile bond strengths were tested respectively in order to select the best bonding agent and the best way of surface treatment. The results obtained with scanning electron microscope and X-ray energy spectrum showed that the bonding behavior of TF agent was the best one. The greatest tensille bond strength (24.37 MPa) was obtained with TF agent when the surface of PCC was etched by hydrofluoric acid and the alloy was painted with KH-570. Remarkable tensile bond strengths were noted in the group where EM agent was used with PCC etched by hydrofluoric acid and alloy treated with sandblasting (15.20 MPa), and in the group where Porcelite dual cure cement was applied with PCC painted by KH-570 and alloy treated with sandblasting (15.25 MPa).

Dental Bonding↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Erosive azotemic osteoarthropathy of the hands in chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis.

OBJECTIVE: We studied the prevalence and significance of erosive azotemic osteoarthropathy (EAO) and its relationship with other osteoarticular abnormalities of dialysis-associated arthropathy (DAA). METHODS: 112 patients undergoing maintenance dialysis were studied: 63 hemodialysis (HD) and 49 continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). X-ray of the hands, shoulders, pelvis and cervical spine were examined for destructive spondyloarthropathy (SDA), bone cysts (BC), EAO and subperiosteal resorption. Beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2-m) and PTH were also measured. RESULTS: Fifteen patients (13%) had EAO, usually in several joints of the hands, DIPs being the most frequently affected. Both patients on HD and those on CAPD had EAO, although the prevalence was higher in the HD group, 12 (19%) vs. 3 (6%). Patients with EAO were older (p < 0.05) and had more carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) (p < 0.05) and BC (p < 0.01). Only 3 out of 15 patients with EAO had severe secondary hyperparathyroidism (sHPTH) (PTH > 500), while 9/15 had neither radiologic nor laboratory evidence of sHPTH. No differences were found regarding the duration of dialysis, or beta 2-m or PTH level. CONCLUSION: EAO is not related to sHPTH and should be included within the spectrum of the clinical manifestations of DAA. Due to its location and radiologic picture, it is possible that etiologic factors leading to primary osteoarthritis may play a role in the development and evolution of EAO.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Qualitative and quantitative parameters for prognosis in renal carcinoma in early and advanced stages].

AIM OF THE STUDY: A minority of stage I renal cell cancers have a bad prognosis, a minority of those in stage II-IV may behave favorably. Are there parameters which characterize such cases? In this study, a number of qualitative and quantitative parameters are used to detect differences between cases with at least 9 years of survival and those with a survival of less than 9 years. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 133 cases of renal cell cancer were subdivided into stage subgroups: Robson's I; Robson's II-IV. The following data and parameters were registered and/or measured: sex, stage, tumor size, histological type, mean nuclear profile area (mA) and pleomorphism (standard deviation of mean nuclear profile area--SDA) nuclear grade (NG) and combined nuclear grade (CNG), DNA index, cell proliferation, as determined by mitotic index (MI), per cent of PCNA positive cells (PCNA + cells %), per cent of S-phase cells (SP cells %), p53 and EGFR expression, intratumoral T lymphocytes. RESULTS: Older patients have a worse prognosis independently of the stage. Stage is the most discriminant qualitative parameter; tumor dimensions and both nuclear and combined nuclear grade are important too. Mean nuclear profile area and pleomorphism are also discriminant, while no prognostic value of histological type is shown and histology is not related to other parameters. Higher DNA index characterizes cases with worse prognosis, as well as MI, SP cells %, PCNA + cells %, and EGFR expression. No significant differences are detected for p53 expression and lymphoid infiltrates. A minority of patients with stage I tumors die within 9 years of diagnosis. They are older than survivors with the same stage, their tumors have larger nuclear area and greater pleomorphism, and are more frequently aneuploid with higher DNA index. A minority of patients with stage II-IV tumors survive at least 9 years from the time of diagnosis. They are younger than non-survivors in the same stages and have lower MI and PCNA positivity in the tumors, while other parameters are not discriminant.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1997

[Amino acid sequence of the protein in a pure proteinic calculus].

OBJECTIVE: The fact that for an equivalent oversaturation of solutes, urine of lithiasic patients has a greater tendency to form crystals, indicate that urine of stone-formers may contain substances that promote crystallization. METHODS: A renal calculus was analyzed by infra-red spectrophotometry, x-ray dispersion energy spectrophotometry, ultraviolet absorption spectrophotometry, acid hydrolysis cationic exchange chromatography, SDA-Page gel electropheresis with Coomassie Blue and amino acid sequence. RESULTS: It was a pure protein calculus formed by a beta 2-microglobulin anomaly. It was a residue that had lost its first 19 amino acids and phenylalanine replaced serine in position 19 CONCLUSIONS: Changes in the amino acid sequence of urinary proteins can cause these to behave like urinary calculus-promoting substances.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Study of major volatiles in wines and discriminant analysis applied to classification according to region.

The major volatiles of eighty eight wines (white, rosè and red) from Madrid were studied. The samples came from the three districts forming the "Vinos de Madrid" DO (Denominación de Origen) region: Arganda, Navalcarnero and San Martín, and were analyzed by gas chromatography. The resulting data were treated by Stepwise Discriminant Analysis (SDA) in order to ascertain the efficacity of these compounds in classifying the wines according to their geographical origin. The results confirm that the above components were of little use in classifying the red and white wines and, although a correct classification percentage of 90.91% was obtained for the rosés when all the variables were used, this too was considered unsatisfactory.

Chromatography, Gas↗