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At least 523 records · Page 29Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Smell and taste perception in Drosophila melanogaster larva: toxin expression studies in chemosensory neurons.

GAL4-driven targeted expression of tetanus toxin light chain (UAS-TeTxLC) in a subset of chemosensory neurons of the larval antennomaxillary complex (AMC) and pharynx causes abnormal chemosensory behavior in Drosophila melanogaster. Consistent with strongest staining in the dorsal organ (DO), the presumed olfactory organ of the AMC, tetanus toxin-expressing larvae subjected to an olfactory preference assay show anosmic behavior to most volatile substances tested. Furthermore, we observed reduced responses to sodium chloride, fructose, and sucrose in gustatory plate assays. Surprisingly, the entire subset of labeled sensory neurons from the terminal (maxillary) organ (TO) of the AMC was found to project via the antennal nerve to the larval antennal lobe region. The maxillary nerve remained completely unstained. Hence, a subset of neurons from the TO builds an anatomical entity with projections from the DO. Our results suggest that the AMC contains both olfactory and gustatory sensilla, and that the DO is the main olfactory organ in larvae.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Children's hedonic response to the smell of alcohol: effects of parental drinking habits.

BACKGROUND: Previous research in our laboratory revealed that during the first year of life, infants who had more exposure to alcohol, as inferred from questionnaires about parental alcoholism and alcohol intake, mouthed an ethanol-scented toy more compared with less exposed infants. The present study focused on older children (3.8-6.0 years) to determine whether their hedonic response to the odor of alcohol was related to the drinking habits of their parents. METHODS: Age-appropriate, game-like tasks that were fun for children and minimized the impact of language development were used to examine their preferences and identification of a variety of odors, one of which was beer. RESULTS: The children's preference for the odor of beer varied as a function of the escape drinking of their mothers alone or both parents. That is, children who lived in a household in which one or both parents drank alcohol to escape were significantly more likely to dislike the odor bottle that contained alcohol when compared with children whose parents did not drink to escape. This difference between the groups was odor specific. Additional analyses also revealed that the fathers of children who rejected the beer odor reported drinking significantly more than the fathers of those who liked the odor. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that some early learning about alcohol is based on sensory experiences and anchor it to children's experiences at home and the emotional context in which their parents experience alcohol.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed2000

[Morphofunctional changes in olfactory bulb after elimination of smell stimuli (I). Morphologic study].

We study the olfactory bulb plasticity by olfactory deprivation in the jerbil (Meriones Unguiculatus). We analyze what effects has the odorous stimuli privation in the first days after the birth on the olfactory bulb. We have found that this stimuli absence reduces the size of the bulb in the discussed side and alters the volumes of some of the bulbars layers. This indicates that the structural development of the nervous system specifies of an integrity of their sensorial afferencies.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The attraction of taiga ticks by the smell of the host's fur in nature].

In the "Zhigulevsky" preserve, 46 coarse calico napkins impregnated with 1 ml of an attractant, were placed alternatively as controls and experimental along the road with the interval of 5 meters. The attractant was a methanol wash-off of the hair of a mongrel dog. During 8 hour exposure the experimental napkins were attacked by 20% males and 12.5% females of active ticks living by the road (after the third experiment a complete catch of ticks was carried out). The tick distribution indirectly indicates that the attractant causes a increase of tick horizontal migrations up to 5 meters around the source of odour. The results obtained allow one to suggest a promising granulated attractive and acaricidal agent.

Animals↗