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PubMed1993

[Prostate cancer in Scandinavia. Variations in practice and attitude to radical treatment].

Some controversy persists as to the optimal assessment and treatment of prostate cancer, a lack of consensus reflected in differences in clinical practice. Our survey among departments of urology and general surgery in the Nordic countries showed Danish physicians to be the most conservative, while the most active intervention strategies were found in Finland.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1993

[When is Scandinavia getting specialized trauma care? Report from a leading trauma center in the USA].

The specialized care provided at the trauma centre in Baltimore, Maryland, in the USA is described. By means of a sophisticated communications system, prehospital and hospital care are coordinated with a view to providing optimal care to people with various types of injuries. It is suggested how the American experience might be applied to conditions in the Nordic countries in order to improve the quality of trauma care.

Aircraft↗
PubMed1993

Socioeconomic differences in fetal and infant mortality in Scandinavia.

This study demonstrates that socioeconomic differences do exist in all three Scandinavian countries, and these differences have implications for perinatal and infant survival. Using parental education as a proxy for socioeconomic conditions, the association with perinatal survival seems to be stronger in Denmark and Norway than in Sweden. For postneonatal mortality the association is equally strong in the three countries. Data from one of the countries (Norway) demonstrates the joint importance of parental education, and the association with paternal education is equally strong as that with maternal education. If father and mother have the lowest level of education, their offspring has 50 to 80% higher perinatal and infant mortality risks. These observations call for further research into the association between social variables and health in order to tease out causal relationships which might lead to future preventive actions.

Educational Status↗
PubMed1995

Medicolegal investigative system and sudden death in Scandinavia.

The Nordic region consists of Denmark, with the autonomous territories of the Faeroes and Greenland, Finland, with the autonomous Aland Islands, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden. However, this review deals only with the situation in Norway, Denmark, Sweden and Finland. In these four countries only a physician can confirm that a person is dead and practically any physician can certify a death due to natural causes if he knows the cause of death. A clinical autopsy can be performed to confirm the diagnosis with the permission of the relatives. The regulations concerning the reporting and investigation of sudden unexpected and non-natural deaths are very similar in all Nordic countries. In general those deaths, which are criminal, suspicious, accidental, suicidal, sudden and unexpected, unexplained or in any way not due to natural causes, cannot be certified by a doctor and must be reported to the police for medico-legal investigation. Forensic Medicine exists as a medical specialty at present only in Finland and Sweden. The total autopsy rates vary from country to country, with the lowest autopsy rate in Norway-10.6% of all deaths, followed by Denmark-16%, Sweden-22% and Finland-31.1%. Despite the apparent similarities in legislation regarding those deaths which should be referred for medicolegal examination, the practices differ so much in the different countries that it is, in fact, not possible to make many valid comparisons. The number of Group XVI-cases (symptoms and ill-defined causes of death) of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) in the mortality statistics of each Nordic country seems to be inversely correlated to the autopsy rate. This gives some indication of the efficacy of the certification of death in a given country. Finland, having the highest autopsy rate, has the lowest number of ill-defined causes of death. The declining autopsy rate in all Nordic countries seems to be in line with the international trend. If this tendency continues, it will, without doubt, have a negative impact on the reliability of mortality statistics in general and, in the individual case, increase the possibility of incorrect classification of the mode of death. In the worst instance this might result in failure to detect homicide.

Autopsy↗
PubMed1977

Sudden coronary death in Scandinavia. A report from Scandinavian coronary heart disease registers.

UNLABELLED: All cases of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and sudden death due to coronary heart disease have been registered in two Swedish and two Finnish cities during a 1-year period. The incidence increased steeply with age in both sexes and was in all age groups far higher in males than in females. The age-related incidence in both Finnish cities was definitely higher than in Gothenburg, Sweden, while the other Swedish register city, Boden, had an intermediate position. THE CASE: fatality rate within one year was 44.2% for males and 37.4% for females. This difference was already apparent in the first hour after the onset of the attack, when the case: fatality rate was 15.5% for males and 9.3% for females. A history of previous cardiovascular disease was much more common in AMI patients than in the general population. It was also slightly more common in subjects who died suddenly than in AMI patients who did not die suddenly.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1996

[Crib death and infant mortality in Scandinavia 1988-1993].

During the years 1970-1989 there was a marked increase in cot death in the Nordic countries Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden. Since 1990 cot death has decreased dramatically, especially in Norway and Denmark. Mortality rates have decreased by 74 per cent between 1989 and 1993 in Norway and by 69 per cent between 1991 and 1993 in Denmark. Investigations in Norway during the same period have shown a change in the sleeping positions of infants, from prone positions to supine/side positions. Infant mortality rates have decreased in all the Nordic countries and in 1993 varied from 5.45 per thousand live births in Denmark to 4.40 in Finland.

Humans↗