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At least 523 records · Page 29Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

[Diffused traumatic dirt and decorative tattooing. Removal by Q-switched lasers].

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Pigment fanning or spread is one complication of decorative tattooing, but is also seen after traumatic tattoos. The reason for this spreading remains unclear. While excision of the diffused pigment was previously considered the treatment of choice, today destruction of the pigment with Q-switched laser systems is the therapy with the highest efficiency and lowest rate of side effects. Therefore areas of pigment spread should be excised only in rare exceptional cases. PATIENTS/METHODS: 4 patients with pigment fanning after permanent make up and traumatic tattooing of the periorbital region were treated with the Q-switched ruby (694 nm) and Q-switched Nd:YAG (1064 nm) lasers. RESULTS: All patients showed a significant (70-80%) clearance of the spread pigment; two had complete clearing. Side effects such as hyper- or hypopigmentation, scarring or ink darkening were not seen. CONCLUSIONS: The Q-switched ruby- and Q-switched Nd:YAG-lasers are a therapeutic modality for pigment fanning with high efficiency and low rate of side effects. Attempts of explanation for pigment spread after tattoos are given, but further histological and electron microscopical investigations are needed to find the pathogenetic mechanism.

Child↗
PubMed1995

Holographic imaging of human brain preparations--a step toward virtual medicine.

BACKGROUND: Holography is the only technique that can record the full tri-dimensional quality of an object, and allow the observer to easily see this as an image that is truly 3-D. The pulsed laser can capture even a moving object's three dimensional form as a hologram because of its short wavelength. METHODS: Using a modification of the Klinger processing sequence, formalin-fixed human brains were subjected to periods of freezing and thawing. This assisted the visual demarcation between white and gray matter during neuroanatomical dissection. Holographic methodology with the Lumonic HLS2 pulsed ruby laser was employed to create three dimensional images from brain preparations. RESULTS: Master holograms of the human brain preparations demonstrating the various pathways such as vision, cortico-spinal, etc. are made using the ruby laser at wavelength 694.3 nanometers. From this master an infinite number of holograms can be copied. CONCLUSION: By providing immediate three dimensional information, holograms uniquely facilitate the spontaneous understanding of human neuroanatomical relationships which cannot be as efficiently learned with photographs or diagrams. This points the way toward future educational and biomedical applications of this emerging technology.

Brain↗
PubMed1994

Sensory and autonomic innervation of the rat eyelid: neuronal origins and peptide phenotypes.

Neuronal origins, peptide phenotypes and target distributions were determined for sensory and autonomic nerves projecting to the eyelid. The retrograde tracer, Fluoro-Ruby, was injected into the superior tarsal muscle and meibomian gland of Sprague-Dawley rats. Labelled neurons were observed within the pterygopalatine (31 +/- 6 of a total of 8238 +/- 1610 ganglion neurons), trigeminal (173 +/- 43 of 62,082 +/- 5869) and superior cervical ganglia (184 +/- 35 of 21,900 +/- 1741). Immunostaining revealed vasoactive intestinal polypeptide immunoreactivity (VIP-ir) in nearly all Fluoro-Ruby-labelled pterygopalatine ganglion neurons (86 +/- 5%) but only rarely in trigeminal (0.3 +/- 0.3%) or superior cervical (1.4 +/- 1.4%) ganglion neurons. Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-ir was not observed in pterygopalatine or superior cervical ganglion somata, but was present in 24 +/- 4% of trigeminal neurons. Bright dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH) immunofluorescence was observed in the majority of eyelid-projecting neurons within the superior cervical ganglia (65 +/- 5%) and lighter staining was detected in pterygopalatine neurons (63 +/- 3%), but no DBH-ir was observed in trigeminal neurons. Examination of eyelid sections revealed dense VIP-ir innervation of meibomian gland acini and vasculature and modest distribution within tarsal muscle. CGRP-ir fibers surrounded ductal and vascular elements of the meibomian gland and the perimeter of tarsal muscle. DBH-ir fibers were associated with meibomian gland blood vessels and acini, and were more densely distributed within tarsal muscle. This study provides evidence for prominent meibomian gland innervation by parasympathetic pterygopalatine ganglion VIP-ir neurons, with more restricted innervation by sensory trigeminal CGRP-ir and sympathetic neurons. Tarsal muscle receives abundant sympathetic innervation, as well as moderate parasympathetic and sensory CGRP-ir projections. The eyelid contains substantial non-CGRP-ir sensory innervation, the targets of which remain undetermined. The distribution of identified autonomic and sensory fibers is consistent with the idea that meibomian gland function, as well as that of the tarsal muscle, is regulated by peripheral innervation.

Animals↗
PubMed2026

tRUBY: A convenient in planta tool for the detection of protein-DNA and protein-protein interactions.

Elucidating molecular interactions such as protein-DNA (PDIs) and protein-protein (PPIs) has traditionally relied on yeast-based 1-hybrid (1H) and 2-hybrid (2H) systems. To provide an alternative platform that better reflects the native cellular environment of plants, we optimized the tRUBY reporter system for 1H and 2H assays in Nicotiana benthamiana, enabling direct in planta analysis of PDIs and PPIs. Specifically, the 2A peptide sequence used for co-expressing the 3 betalain biosynthetic genes-responsible for the visible RUBY coloration-was replaced with T2A from the Thosea asigna virus in place of P2A or F2A from mammalian-pathogenic Picornaviridae viruses, improving biosafety for agricultural applications. The resulting tRUBY-1H and tRUBY-2H systems operate under near-physiological conditions with physiologically relevant expression levels, enabling quantitative, multiplexed, and directly compatible protein-level analyses, thereby offering high sensitivity and flexibility for advanced molecular studies. Ultimately, these systems demonstrate that the streamlined, cost-effective, and visually scorable in planta platform provided by RUBY is well-suited for intuitive, non-destructive monitoring of molecular interactions in plant tissues.

Nicotiana↗
PubMed2005

Remote Raman and fluorescence studies of mineral samples.

In the present study, we investigated remote laser-induced fluorescence (LIF), at a distance of 4.8 m, of a variety of natural minerals and rocks, and Hawaiian Ti (Cordyline terminalis) plant leaves. These minerals included calcite cleavage, calcite onex and calcite travertine, gypsum, fluorapatite, Dover flint and chalk, chalcedony and nephelene syenite, and rubies containing rock. Pulsed laser excitation of the samples at 355 and 266 nm often resulted in strong fluorescence. The LIF bands in the violet-blue region at approximately 413 and approximately 437 nm were observed only in the spectrum of calcite cleavage. The green LIF bands with band maxima in the narrow range of approximately 501-504 nm were observed in the spectra of all the minerals with the exception of the nephelene syenite and ruby rocks. The LIF red bands were observed in the range approximately 685-711 nm in all samples. Excitation with 532 nm wavelength laser gave broad but relatively low fluorescence background in the low-frequency region of the Raman spectra of these minerals. One microsecond signal gating was effective in removing nearly all background fluorescence (with peak at approximately 610 nm) from calcite cleavage Raman spectra, indicating that the fluorescence was probably from long-lifetime inorganic phosphorescence.

Carbonates↗
PubMed2005

Rapid and specific identification of four Agrobacterium species and biovars using multiplex PCR.

On the basis of 23S rRNA gene sequences, 1 universal forward and 4 taxon (species/biovar)-specific reverse primers were designed for multiplex PCR to aid in identification and differentiation of Agrobacterium rubi, Agrobacterium vitis and Agrobacterium biovars 1 and 2. In reactions with DNA of 119 bacterial strains belonging to: Agrobacterium, Allorhizobium, Mesorhizobium, Rhizobium, Sinorhizobium and Phyllobacterium, as well as phytopathogenic bacteria representing various genera, the primers developed for identification of A. vitis, A. rubi or Agrobacterium biovar 1 amplified only DNA of strains belonging to these taxa, producing fragments of the expected sizes: 478, 1006 and 184bp, respectively. However, in the case of the primer developed for identification of Agrobacterium biovar 2, the characteristic 1066bp PCR product was obtained not only with DNA of this biovar, but also with DNA of 3 atypical biovar 1 strains and some rhizobial strains. Differentiation between Agrobacterium biovar 2 and the other strains was possible using the restriction analysis of this product with endonuclease Alw26I. The method developed is an excellent tool for rapid classification of these 4 taxa of Agrobacterium.

Bacterial Typing Techniques↗
PubMed2003

Incidence of side effects after laser hair removal.

BACKGROUND: Despite the widespread use of lasers for hair removal there are few data published on the incidence of side effects from this treatment. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to generate data on a large number of patients receiving laser hair removal to obtain an accurate assessment of the incidence and type of side effects resulting from treatment. METHODS: A multicenter prospective study of patients presenting for laser hair removal was conducted to determine incidence of side effects in relation to skin type and laser or lasers used. RESULTS: Laser hair removal is associated with a low incidence of side effects that are self-limiting in the majority of cases. The highest incidence of side effects was seen in patients with darker skin treated with the long-pulsed ruby laser. CONCLUSIONS: Laser hair removal is inherently safe. For darker Fitzpatrick skin types the long-pulsed neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser is preferred to the ruby laser.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Laser treatment of tattoos in darkly pigmented patients: efficacy and side effects.

BACKGROUND: Many modalities for the treatment of tattoos and pigmented lesions produce a greater risk of complications in Fitzpatrick types V and VI skin because of an increased incidence of adverse pigmentary changes and keloidal scarring. In fair-skinned persons Q-switched lasers have proved effective in removing pigmented lesions and tattoos without scarring. OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to determine the efficacy and effects of Q-switched lasers on a small series of darkly pigmented patients with tattoos. METHODS: Four patients of Ethiopian origin with facial and neck tribal tattoos were treated with both the Q-switched ruby and Nd:YAG lasers. One black woman with a multicolored tattoo on the mid chest was treated with the Q-switched ruby laser. RESULTS: Clearing of all lesions was seen. The treatments did not result in scarring or permanent pigment changes other than the ones intended. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that in darkly pigmented patients, Q-switched laser treatment of tattoos can be performed successfully. The longer wavelength Q-switched Nd:YAG laser is recommended when removing tattoos in darker complected persons. A test treatment is advised before treatment of large skin areas.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Morphological evidence of collateral sprouting of intact afferent and motor axons of the rat ulnar nerve demonstrated by one type of tracer molecule.

In our experimental paradigm we sutured the distal stump of a transected musculocutaneous nerve to an intact ulnar nerve of the rat in an end-to-side fashion. We demonstrated the formation of collateral sprouts from intact afferent and motor axons by application of one type of molecule conjugated by two different fluorophores (Fluoro-Ruby and Fluoro-Emerald). Fluoro-Ruby and Fluoro-Emerald were applied distal to end-to-side suture into fresh cut ends of the ulnar and musculocutaneous nerves, respectively. Formation of collateral sprouts was evidenced by findings of mixed (a yellow to orange color) fluorescence labeling of spinal motoneurons and dorsal root ganglia neurons. Colocalization of two different tracers retrogradely transported to the neurons was verified by the individual green and red fluorescence profiles analyzed by means of the computer-assisted image-analyzing system. Our results unequivocally demonstrate that a nerve stump attached to an intact nerve can induce collateral sprouting of both afferent and motor axons.

Afferent Pathways↗
PubMed2004

Detection and quantification of protein residues in food grade amino acids and nucleic acids using a dot-blot fluorescent staining method.

Food allergies represent an important health problem in industrialized countries, such that detection and quantitative analysis of the protein considered to be the main allergen is crucial. A dot-blot fluorescent staining method for the detection and quantitative analysis of protein residues in food grade amino acids and nucleic acids is presented. This method combines fluorescence staining with dot-blotting onto PVDF membrane. Several standard proteins, such as bovine serum albumin (66 kDa), lysozyme (14 kDa), ubiquitin (8.6 kDa), bovine insulin (5.7 kDa), and oxidized insulin B chain (3.5 kDa), were detectable at 0.1 ppm using SYPRO Ruby blot stain. Twenty-five different amino acids and two different nucleic acids of food grade were analyzed using this method combined with an internal standard addition method using BSA as an internal standard. All amino acids and nucleic acids were dissolved in 3.6% aqueous HCl and dot-blotted onto PVDF membrane before a large amount of amino acids and nucleic acid were removed. Protein residues and the internal standard protein immobilized on the membrane were stained using SYPRO ruby blot stain. The internal standard in all samples was detectable at 0.1 ppm. Samples were dissolved at 120 or 70 mg/mL, according to their solubility under acidic conditions. The detection limit of protein residues per weight was 0.8-1.4 ppm in amino acids and nucleic acids; residual protein was not detected in any sample.

Allergens↗
PubMed2003

Ru2 and Ru encode mouse orthologs of the genes mutated in human Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome types 5 and 6.

Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) is a genetically heterogeneous disease involving abnormalities of melanosomes, platelet dense granules and lysosomes. Here we have used positional candidate and transgenic rescue approaches to identify the genes mutated in ruby-eye 2 and ruby-eye mice (ru2 and ru, respectively), two 'mimic' mouse models of HPS. We also show that these genes are orthologs of the genes mutated in individuals with HPS types 5 and 6, respectively, and that their protein products directly interact. Both genes are previously unknown and are found only in higher eukaryotes, and together represent a new class of genes that have evolved in higher organisms to govern the synthesis of highly specialized lysosome-related organelles.

Adaptor Protein Complex 3↗
PubMed2004

Crystal structure of a high-pressure/high-temperature phase of alumina by in situ X-ray diffraction.

Alumina (alpha-Al(2)O(3)) has been widely used as a pressure calibrant in static high-pressure experiments and as a window material in dynamic shock-wave experiments; it is also a model material in ceramic science. So understanding its high-pressure stability and physical properties is crucial for interpreting such experimental data, and for testing theoretical calculations. Here we report an in situ X-ray diffraction study of alumina (doped with Cr(3+)) up to 136 GPa and 2,350 K. We observe a phase transformation that occurs above 96 GPa and at high temperatures. Rietveld full-profile refinements show that the high-pressure phase has the Rh(2)O(3) (II) (Pbcn) structure, consistent with theoretical predictions. This phase is structurally related to corundum, but the AlO(6) polyhedra are highly distorted, with the interatomic bond lengths ranging from 1.690 to 1.847 A at 113 GPa. Ruby luminescence spectra from Cr(3+) impurities within the quenched samples under ambient conditions show significant red shifts and broadening, consistent with the different local environments of chromium atoms in the high-pressure structure inferred from diffraction. Our results suggest that the ruby pressure scale needs to be re-examined in the high-pressure phase, and that shock-wave experiments using sapphire windows need to be re-evaluated.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1997

Laser treatment for further depigmentation in vitiligo.

BACKGROUND: In patients with vitiligo, sometimes the greatest part of the skin has already lost its melanocytes. The remaining pigmented patches can be removed by using strong bleaching creams, but many adverse events have been reported with this treatment. A new depigmentation therapy could be treatment with a Fluby laser. METHODS: Before treatment, the patients filled out a questionnaire about their vitiligo history. Eight patients with remaining pigmentation of the arms, hands, and face were treated once with a Ruby laser. Patients were monitored for developing repigmentation during the 9 months after treatment. RESULTS: In patients with a positive Koebner phenomenon, a permanent state of depigmentation was reached after laser therapy. None of the treated patients showed severe side-effects. CONCLUSIONS: Ruby laser treatment can be an effective, fast, and safe method for removing cosmetically disturbing remnants of normal pigmentation in vitiligo patients with a positive Koebner phenomenon.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Developmental fates of the first four blastomeres of the chaetognath Paraspadella gotoi: relationship to protostomes.

Experimental analysis of the development of chaetognaths is virtually lacking. To elucidate developmental fates, single blastomeres of the 2-cell and 4-cell embryos of Paraspadella gotoi were injected with a lineage-tracing dye (Fluoro-Ruby or DiI). The distribution of the labels was observed in the hatchlings. In a previous study, embryos were injected at the 2-cell stage with Fluoro-Ruby and two sets of complementary labeling patterns (DL and VR, and DR and VL) were found. The same results were obtained when DiI was used as a tracer dye. The 4-cell embryo consists of the animal and vegetal cross-furrow cells in a tetrahedral arrangement and one of the vegetal cross-furrow cells typically contains the germ plasm. When single cells were injected at the 4-cell stage, four labeling patterns were observed (D, V, L and R). These four patterns represent subsets of the four patterns observed in the hatchling injected at the 2-cell stage. The V pattern is probably generated from the blastomere containing the germ plasm. It was found that the positions of the blastomeres at the 4-cell stage corresponded to the future body axes, similar to classic spiralians and modified spiralians such as crustaceans. Furthermore, it was confirmed that second cleavage occurs in a leiotropic fashion, which is seen in the second cleavage of the classic spiralians. Chaetognaths may have some similarities to protostomes in their developmental program.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Multiple color changes following laser therapy of cosmetic tattoos.

OBJECTIVE: To emphasize the wisdom of small test areas when treating cosmetic tattoos and the need for multiple laser systems. METHODS: A 48-year-old woman requested removal of permanent makeup (cosmetic tattoos) of her eyebrows and around her lips. Physical examination revealed a brown tattoo of both eyebrows and dark red lip liner around both lips. A test area was performed on the red tattoo of the lips. A frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser (532 nm, 2.0 J/cm2, 2 mm spot size) was used for the lip area, while the same laser at 1064 nm, 3.9 J cm2, 2 mm spot size was utilized for the eyebrows. The lip area immediately turned black. The patient returned for follow-up 1 month later; the black ink on the lip was treated with the same laser at 1064 nm, 3 mm spot size, 4.2 J/cm2, with satisfactory resolution in two monthly treatments. Both brown eyebrow turned bright orange and were treated with 532 nm, 3 mm, 3.0 J/cm2. One month later the eyebrows were a mixture of yellow ink and dark green. The yellow area was treated with 532 nm, 3 mm, 2.3 J/cm2, while the dark green was treated with the 1064 nm, 3 mm spot size, 4.2 J/cm2. One month later little improvement was noted, so Q-switched ruby laser at 694 nm, 6 mm spot size, 16 J/cm2 was utilized. An additional four monthly treatments were given utilizing a combination of both ruby and 532 nm ND:YAG lasers for green and yellow pigment, respectively. RESULTS: Significant but incomplete resolution of the tattoo ink was achieved. CONCLUSION: Multiple laser systems are needed to remove cosmetic tattoos. Test areas must be done before treatment.

Eyebrows↗
PubMed1999

Survival and lung pathology of mouse models of Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome and Chediak-Higashi syndrome.

Hermansky-Pudlak Syndrome (HPS), a recessively inherited disease in humans, affects the biosynthesis/processing of the related intracellular organelles: lysosomes, melanosomes, and platelet dense granules. The disease is multigenic in both humans and mice where 14 separate genes have been demonstrated to be causative. Patients often die prematurely with severe lung abnormalities. Patients with the related Chediak-Higashi Syndrome (CHS) likewise have significantly reduced life spans. Long-term survival and lung histomorphology were analyzed in a pilot experiment involving several genetically defined singly and doubly mutant mouse HPS mutants and the beige CHS mutant to determine whether these parameters are altered in the mouse models. The mutants differed widely in both longevity and lung architecture. Mice doubly homozygous for the pale ear and ruby eye or for the muted and pearl genes had the shortest life spans with none surviving the two-year experimental duration. Life spans were similarly severely reduced in the beige and gunmetal mutants. Intermediate life spans were apparent in the pearl, pallid, and cocoa mutants whereas minimal effects were noted in ruby eye, muted, light ear, and cocoa mutants. Enlarged air spaces were noted in histologic sections of lungs of several of the mutants. For the most part, the severity of lung abnormalities was inversely proportional to the long-term survival of these various mutants, suggesting that lung pathology may contribute to mortality, as has been suggested for human HPS patients.

Albinism, Oculocutaneous↗
PubMed2004

The Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome 3 (cocoa) protein is a component of the biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles complex-2 (BLOC-2).

Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) is a genetically heterogeneous inherited disease affecting vesicle trafficking among lysosome-related organelles. The Hps3, Hps5, and Hps6 genes are mutated in the cocoa, ruby-eye-2, and ruby-eye mouse pigment mutants, respectively, and their human orthologs are mutated in HPS3, HPS5, and HPS6 patients. These three genes encode novel proteins of unknown function. The phenotypes of Hps5/Hps5,Hps6/Hps6 and Hps3/Hps3,Hps6/Hps6 double mutant mice mimic, in coat and eye colors, in melanosome ultrastructure, and in levels of platelet dense granule serotonin, the corresponding phenotypes of single mutants. These facts suggest that the proteins encoded by these genes act within the same pathway or protein complex in vivo to regulate vesicle trafficking. Further, the Hps5 protein is destabilized within tissues of Hps3 and Hps6 mutants, as is the Hps6 protein within tissues of Hps3 and Hps5 mutants. Also, proteins encoded by these genes co-immunoprecipitate and occur in a complex of 350 kDa as determined by sucrose gradient and gel filtration analyses. Together, these results indicate that the Hps3, Hps5, and Hps6 proteins regulate vesicle trafficking to lysosome-related organelles at the physiological level as components of the BLOC-2 (biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles complex-2) protein complex and suggest that the pathogenesis and future therapies of HPS3, HPS5, and HPS6 patients are likely to be similar. Interaction of the Hps5 and Hps6 proteins within BLOC-2 is abolished by the three-amino acid deletion in the Hps6(ru) mutant allele, indicating that these three amino acids are important for normal BLOC-2 complex formation.

Alleles↗
PubMed2002

Effect of cabbage cultivars with varying levels of resistance to aphids on the performance of the parasitoid, Aphidius colemani (Hymenoptera: Braconidae).

The effect of aphid resistance in plant cultivars on parasitism of Myzus persicae (Sulzer) and Brevicoryne brassicae (Linnaeus) by Aphidius colemani Viereck was investigated under laboratory conditions using three cultivars of common cabbage, Brassica oleracea var. capitata. Significantly greater aphid populations were found on cv. Derby Day (green-leaved, susceptible to both aphid species), regardless of the presence or absence of parasitoids, compared with cv. Minicole (green-leaved, partially resistant with antibiosis factors for B. brassicae) or cv. Ruby Ball (red-leaved, partially resistant with antixenosis factors for B. brassicae). Minicole had the greatest proportion of parasitized aphids and Derby Day the least. A significantly lower percentage of emerged parasitoids were recorded on Minicole for both aphid species compared with Derby Day and Ruby Ball. The implication of the results are discussed in relation to the integrated control of aphids.

Animals↗