Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Questionnaire Design”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 523 records · Page 29Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

Relationship of nutritional status to health and societal participation in children with cerebral palsy.

OBJECTIVES: To describe nutritional status in a population-based sample of children with moderate or severe cerebral palsy (CP) and to explore the relationships between nutritional status and health and functional outcomes. STUDY DESIGN: A population-based strategy was used to enroll children with CP at 6 geographic sites. Research assistants performed anthropometric assessment, determined severity of motor impairment, and interviewed caregivers with the Child Health Questionnaire and a questionnaire designed specifically for this study. Anthropometric measures were converted to Z scores and the relationship between health and nutritional status was assessed using regression models. RESULTS: Among the 235 participants, indicators of malnutrition were common. Poor nutritional status correlated with increased health care utilization (hospitalizations, doctor visits) and decreased participation in usual activities by the child and parent. CONCLUSIONS: Malnutrition is common in children with moderate or severe CP and associated with poorer health status and limitations in societal participation. Further studies are needed to determine the nature of these associations and how to manage nutrition in children with CP to optimize growth and health outcomes.

Absenteeism↗
PubMed1997

Revision of a parent-completed development screening tool: Ages and Stages Questionnaires.

Examined the Ages and Stages Questionnaires (ASQ), a series of 11 developmental questionnaires designed to be completed by parents and caregivers of young children from 4 to 48 months of age. The ASQ were recently revised and additional psychometric data were gathered. Analyses on over 7,000 questionnaires indicated high test-retest reliability, interobserver reliability, and internal consistency. Concurrent validity using standardized measures yielded on overall agreement of 85%, with a range of 76-91%. Specificity was high across questionnaire intervals while sensitivity was lower and varied across intervals. Use of parent-completed screening tools such as the ASQ is attractive in terms of cost-effectiveness, parental involvement, and flexibility in administration procedures.

Case-Control Studies↗
PubMed1997

Health practices of critical care nurses: are these nurses good role models for patients?

BACKGROUND: Few studies have explored the health practices of critical care nurses. Critical care nurses routinely teach patients about using healthy practices such as low-fat diets, exercise, and routine screening examinations. However, it may be even more important that the nurses themselves have a healthy lifestyle, thus serving as role models for patients. Nurses are selling a product, and that product is health. The best salespersons are those who are genuinely committed to their product and model its benefits. Therefore, critical care nurses' healthful practices can have a profound effect on their patients. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this descriptive exploratory study was to examine critical care nurses' responses to three questions about health practices in their daily lives: (1) What are critical care nurses doing currently to stay healthy? (2) Do they anticipate making any changes in their lifestyle in the future? (3) Would they recommend their lifestyle to their patients? METHODS: One hundred twenty-seven critical care nurses attending a midwestern critical care conference completed a two-part questionnaire designed to produce a health profile. In a man-on-the-street approach, 23 nurses participated in an interview via video camera. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data retrieved from the questionnaires. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed for themes with a constant comparative method. RESULTS: More than 70% of the critical care nurses who responded engage in exercise and follow a healthy, low-fat diet. Seventy-one percent said that they anticipate making a change in their lifestyle in the future, and 70% said that they would recommend their lifestyle to their patients. Five themes emerged from the videotaped interviews: (1) Heart-healthy practices predominated the responses. (2) Incorporating a healthy lifestyle was easy for some and a struggle for others. (3) Critical care nurses readily listed barriers to healthy living. (4) The nurses had a positive attitude about their healthy lifestyles and felt optimistic about being role models for their patients. (5) Future plans were either singular in focus or limited to maintenance of current health habits. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of the nurses reported practicing a healthy lifestyle and thought that they were good role models for patients.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Predicting the risk for gastrointestinal toxicity in patients taking NSAIDs: the Gastrointestinal Toxicity Survey.

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are among the most widely used drugs in the world, but their use is often associated with adverse gastrointestinal (GI) events that may be life threatening in some patients. Development of simple questionnaires for predicting GI events in individuals taking NSAIDs may help to prevent use of these drugs in high-risk patients. The present study was undertaken to test a new questionnaire designed to identify patients at high risk for NSAID-associated GI events--the Gastrointestinal Toxicity Survey (NSAID Induced) (GITS [NI]). In this study, results for GITS (NI) were compared with those for an established questionnaire, the Stanford Calculator of Risk for Events (SCORE), in a small cohort of 400 patients. Feasible generalized least squares (FGLS) and multinomial logistic (MNL) regression were used to perform the comparison. The overall correlation between results for GITS (NI) responses and the total score for the SCORE questionnaire was 0.962 (P < .0001). The agreement between the 2 instruments with respect to their ability to predict the same risk for NSAID-induced GI events was similar for both FGLS and MNL. For 4 levels of risk, the agreement was approximately 80% between the 2 instruments. For 3 levels of risk, the agreement was approximately 90%. This study showed that results obtained with GITS (NI) are highly correlated with those from SCORE and that GITS (NI) may provide physicians with information that will help them avoid administering NSAIDs to patients who are at high risk for adverse GI reactions.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal↗
PubMed2001

The primary and secondary care interface: the educational needs of nursing staff for the provision of seamless care.

AIM: To identify nurses' perceived deficits in the knowledge and skills required to provide effective seamless care, so that appropriate training could be provided. BACKGROUND: A clear understanding of nursing staff roles, skills and resources is paramount to work at the primary/secondary care interface. Nursing staff require an educational model that will provide a clear understanding of how their roles coalesce with other healthcare professionals. There is little evidence that examines the educational needs of nurses related to changing care boundaries. DESIGN/METHODS: The study used methodological triangulation to explore these issues within current practice. Focus groups were used to generate items for inclusion in the questionnaire. Questionnaire design was based on an importance-performance analysis. This procedure has been effective in developing health care marketing strategies. A stratified random sample of nursing staff (n=722) from the participating trusts received the questionnaire, eliciting a response rate of 172 (23.8%). RESULTS: Factor analysis provided a list of seven training categories in order of training need priority: information technology, awareness of roles, communications within seamless care, working across boundaries, professional issues, practice-related issues, delivery of patient/client care issues. There were no differences in nurses' training needs across NHS trusts. However, differences were highlighted for staff located in primary or secondary settings or working across the interface. CONCLUSIONS: Despite there being a vast range of training issues the majority of nurses appear to have a clear idea of their training needs for the provision of seamless care. A training programme required which targets the specific needs of nursing staff working at different positions across the primary/secondary care interface.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1999

Assessing patient satisfaction across the continuum of ambulatory care: a revalidation and validation of care-specific surveys.

The need to develop reliable and valid measures of patient satisfaction in ambulatory care settings is underscored by the rapid growth and changes in this health care arena as well as the requirement to monitor and gauge quality of care. The purpose of this article is to provide evidence for the reliability and validity of patient satisfaction questionnaires designed specifically for three points of care across the ambulatory care continuum. These points are outpatient testing and physical therapy services, outpatient surgery, and home health care. The present effort represents an evaluation of revised questionnaires for the first two points and an initial assessment of the psychometric properties of the questionnaire for the third. The present results support the internal reliability and construct validity of each questionnaire. In addition, differences were found on select facility characteristics based on each questionnaire.

Ambulatory Care↗
PubMed1990

Does anonymity increase response rate in postal questionnaire surveys about sensitive subjects? A randomised trial.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to determine whether complete anonymity improves the response rates to a postal questionnaire. DESIGN: The study derived from a series of postal surveys on AIDS knowledge conducted on six different dates in 1986 and 1987. The sample was randomly divided into two, each group being sent the same questionnaire. One group was informed that the replies were anonymous, the other that they were not. The latter were sent reminders. SETTING: Recipients of the questionnaires were drawn from the Southampton electoral rolls. PARTICIPANTS: 300 people in each survey (total 1800) were sent questionnaires, representing on each occasion a different 1:500 systematic sample. RESULTS: Response rate was 49% for the anonymous questionnaires and 51% for the numbered questionnaires. Reminders boosted the response in the numbered group to 72%. CONCLUSIONS: There is no evidence that anonymity improves response to postal questionnaires, but the use of reminders may do so.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed2003

The utilitarian argument for medical confidentiality: a pilot study of patients' views.

OBJECTIVES: To develop and pilot a questionnaire based assessment of the importance patients place on medical confidentiality, whether they support disclosure of confidential information to protect third parties, and whether they consider that this would impair full disclosure in medical consultations. DESIGN: Questionnaire administered to 30 consecutive patients attending a GP surgery. RESULTS: Overall patients valued confidentiality, felt that other patients might be deterred from seeking treatment if it were not guaranteed, but did not think that they would withhold information for this reason themselves. CONCLUSIONS: When presented with brief details of five clinical situations in which a breach of confidentiality might be considered, a clear majority of subjects believed that doctors should disclose information in two of the situations, but subjects were not confident that doctors would do so. In three situations, about half felt that disclosure was justified--these included the only scenario in which disclosure was clearly mandated by statute. There was little change in patients' general attitude to confidentiality after considering the scenarios. However, the views expressed were often inconsistent with responses to the clinical scenarios, suggesting that complex opinions were not accurately reflected in the responses. The format of the questionnaire has been amended, and the study will be repeated with other groups of patients.

Automobile Driving↗
PubMed1985

Comparative acceptance of three transdermal nitroglycerin placebo patches.

Factors that might affect patient acceptance of transdermal drug-delivery system patches were evaluated in healthy volunteers using placebo patches. Placebo transdermal nitroglycerin patches (Transderm-Nitro 5 placebo, Ciba Pharmaceutical Company; Nitro-Dur 10 cm2 placebo, Key Pharmaceuticals; and Nitrodisc 5 placebo, Searle Laboratories) were supplied by the manufacturers. Eighty-two healthy subjects were randomly assigned to begin using one of the three brands of patches. Using a Latin-square crossover design, subjects applied each brand of patch daily for five days and crossed over to the other brands on study days 6 and 11. At the end of each study phase, subjects completed a written questionnaire designed to evaluate their overall acceptance of each brand of patch. A total of 80 subjects completed all three phases of the study. According to forced rank preference, 84% of subjects preferred the Ciba patch to one of the other two brands. Subjects judged the Ciba patch to be the easiest of the three brands to use and reported significantly fewer side effects and skin irritation while using the Ciba patch; they also preferred the size of the Ciba patch and experienced significantly fewer problems with adherence of the Ciba patch. A significant percentage of subjects indicated that they would prefer a transdermal patch over tablets or ointment. Most subjects preferred the Ciba patch over the Key patch or Searle patch.

Adhesiveness↗
PubMed1997

[Depression in older persons. Associated factors].

OBJECTIVE: To determine the proportion of elderly people with depressive disorders and study the possible association with sociodemographic factors, self-perception of health, cognitive function, diseases suffered, drug consumption, sleep disorders and use of services. DESIGN: An observational crossover study using a home interview. SETTING: Community-based. PARTICIPANTS: 787 elderly people aged 65 and over, not institutionalised and living in the city of Albacete. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: A questionnaire designed for the study was used to gather data on the sociodemographic variables, self-perception of health, diseases suffered, drug consumption, cognitive function, sleep disorders and contacts with the health service. The variables found by logistic regression to be associated independently to the presence of depressive disorders were: being female (OR = 2.75), habitually suffering sleep disorders (OR = 2.75), having self-perception of poor health (OR = 17.61) and cognitive deterioration (OR = 2.45). CONCLUSIONS: It would be advisable to apply a screening test to detect depressive disorders in elderly people with associated factors (being female, having sleep disorders, self-perception of poor health and cognitive deterioration), so that they could benefit from early diagnosis and adequate treatment.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

[Study on the quality of life in patients with prostate cancer].

It was proposed by FDA that, the increase of survival rate and the improvement of quality of life must both be considered in cancer treatment. Based on the questionnaire designed by European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC), the author studied the quality of life in 102 cases of prostate cancer and in 102 controls. With factor analysis method, a 30-item questionnaire was divided into six aspects to evaluate patients' quality of life: (1) activities of daily life; (2) family and social life; (3) physical symptoms of prostate cancer; (4) fatigue and malaise; (5) psychologic disturbance and distress and (6) sexual dysfunction. The results showed that there was statistical importance between each item when comparing case and control groups which proved the questionnaire an appropriate approach in assessing quality of life in patients with prostate cancer.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2003

Understanding the motivations, concerns, and desires of human immunodeficiency virus 1-serodiscordant couples wishing to have children through assisted reproduction.

OBJECTIVE: To survey the attitudes of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-serodiscordant couples interested in assisted reproduction and better characterize their motivations for reproducing. METHODS: A prospectively designed questionnaire and open-ended interview of 50 consecutive HIV-serodiscordant couples interested in undergoing assisted reproduction to avoid transmission of virus were studied. Demographic characteristics and attitudes regarding beginning a family were obtained. By design, males were HIV seropositive (age, 38.0 +/- 5.4 years, range 26-51 years) and healthy. Women were HIV seronegative (age, 34.5 +/- 5.1 years, range 24-45 years). Most couples were married (44 of 50) and in long-term relationships (duration of relationship, 8.9 +/- 4.9 years, range 1-20 years). RESULTS: Before presentation, nine of 50 couples had conceived and delivered a child (three of nine instances with knowledge of paternal HIV status). Previous timed intercourse occurred in 8% of couples (four of 50). Six individuals stated they would proceed with timed intercourse if no other alternatives existed. Forty-eight percent said they would prefer artificial insemination with donor sperm in lieu, if assisted reproduction failed or were unavailable. Forty-three percent of respondents would pursue "posthumous conception" if cryopreserved sperm or embryos were available in the event of the partner's death. Most couples discussed the possibility of single parenting (45 of 50; 90%) or the possibility for adoptive parenting (29 of 50; 58%). Couples were aware of risk, and 92% (46 of 50) understood that their child might contract HIV. CONCLUSION: Human immunodeficiency virus-serodiscordant couples are actively seeking reproductive assistance and often consider or practice unsafe measures to achieve pregnancy. Reproductive issues and concerns unique to these couples need to be addressed before treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

A study of oral pain experience in sickle cell patients.

This study was designed to measure the degree of association between dental pain and its frequency during sickle cell crisis. Randomized study and control groups, each consisting of outpatient clinic patients, were selected. Each subject was interviewed via a questionnaire designed to record information describing immediate and past experiences of dental pain and its characteristics. The results were analyzed statistically. This investigation showed that there is an increase of dental pain, in the apparent absence of specific pathosis, in sickle cell patients during crisis. It was found that 36% of these patients had experienced some significant transitory pain in the oral-maxillofacial complex either alone or as part of the crisis syndrome.

Anemia, Sickle Cell↗
PubMed1993

Measuring quality of life in the frail elderly.

This study was carried out to develop and test the Geriatric Quality of Life Questionnaire (GQLQ), a health-related qualify of life (HRQL) questionnaire designed for the frail elderly. One hundred patients were asked to identify areas of their daily lives affected by their health. The GQLQ, developed on the basis of the results, the Rand Physical and Emotional Function Questionnaires, and the Barthel Index, were administered serially to a group of 76 patients participating in a randomized trial of a Geriatric Day Hospital. Participants in all phases of the study were over 65 years of age, living in their own home but with sufficient functional status impairment to compromise their ability to live independently. The GQLQ includes 25 questions focusing on activities of daily living (ADL), symptoms, and emotional function. In the ADL and Symptom domains respondents define personal problem areas. The responsiveness coefficients of the GQLQ ADL and Symptom domains (0.26 and 0.30 respectively) were similar to those of the Rand Physical Function instrument and the Barthel Index (0.29 and 0.20). The responsiveness coefficient of the GQLQ Emotional Function domain (0.50) was similar to that of the Rand Emotional Function instrument (0.63). Correlations between the GQLQ ADL domain and the Barthel Index (0.41), and between GQLQ and the Rand Physical Function instrument (0.30), were similar to the correlation between the Barthel Index and Rand Physical Function (0.40). While the GQLQ captures important areas of health-related quality of life impairment for the frail elderly, we failed to show any advantages in either responsiveness or validity to existing, simpler measures. New, specific instruments should be tested in head-to-head comparisons with existing measures, particularly generic instruments, before dissemination.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2005

UK dentists' attitudes and behaviour towards Atraumatic Restorative Treatment for primary teeth.

BACKGROUND: Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART) was introduced a decade ago as a minimal intervention treatment for caries in unindustrialised countries, but UK general dental practitioners (GDPs) may also be using this technique. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the materials and techniques used by a group of UK GDPs to treat caries in primary teeth. METHOD: A questionnaire, designed to determine GDPs' use of materials and techniques in the restoration of caries in primary teeth, was distributed to 600 GDPs in Scotland and England, with an explanatory letter and reply-paid envelope. The questionnaire included colour illustrations of two carious cavities in primary molar teeth and a request that respondents draw the cavity outline that they would use on the illustrations. The cavity outlines were assessed independently by two examiners. All other data were collated and analysed. RESULTS: 390 usable replies were received, a response rate of 65%. Of the respondents, 99% treated child patients and 42% of respondents were aware of ART. For treatment of a small Class II cavity, 37% drew a cavity outline without extension beyond removal of caries and a majority suggested use of an adhesive material (51% glass ionomer, 13% compomer). For cavity preparation, 47% of respondents used a drill, 10% an excavator and 41% used both. For treatment of a large occluso-lingual cavity, again most used an adhesive technique (44% glass ionomer, 12% compomer) for its restoration, while 50% used a drill, 7% an excavator and 42% used both for cavity preparation. CONCLUSION: Most respondents used adhesive materials for restoration of caries in primary molars, but, despite 42% of respondents stating that they were aware of the treatment, "true" ART was adopted by fewer than 10% of respondents.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed2000

Psychiatric symptoms and deviance in early adolescence predict heavy alcohol use 3 years later.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to discover whether the heavy use of alcohol in adolescence is associated with earlier psychiatric symptoms and deviance, gender, family structure and socio-economic situation of the family (SES). METHODS: Questionnaires designed to reveal psychiatric symptoms and deviance were filled in by parents (Rutter A2 Scale), teachers (Rutter B2 Scale) and the children themselves (CDI) at the age of 12 years. The Rutter scales are behaviourally orientated questionnaires, and the CDI is a self-report of depression. Information concerning alcohol use was obtained from the children at the age of 15 years. RESULTS: Both male and female heavy users of alcohol had more commonly displayed externalizing behaviour and hyperactivity at school 3 years earlier than had their same-sex peers. Furthermore, female heavy users in particular had displayed hyperactivity at home. The probability that a boy who used alcohol excessively at the age of 15 years had already been deviant 3 years earlier was increased on the teachers' scale, and that of a girl was increased on the CDI. Logistic regression analysis using parent-assessed symptoms and self-reported depressive symptoms showed that externalizing behaviours and depression were the factors predicting the heavy use of alcohol in adolescence when gender, SES and family structure were controlled. When teacher-assessed symptoms and self-reported symptoms were used, externalizing behaviour predicted heavy alcohol use at the age of 15 years when gender, SES and family structure were controlled. CONCLUSIONS: Children with behavioural deviance and depression are at risk of later excessive alcohol use. Further research is warranted to determine whether psychiatric treatment could reduce the risk of future heavy alcohol use.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Nurses' perceptions of critical incidents.

AIMS OF THE STUDY: To determine: (1) the types of clinical events nurses perceived as 'critical'; and (2) whether nurses' experiences of critical incidents were associated with any demographic variables such as qualifications and current area of work. BACKGROUND: A review of the literature revealed little research has investigated in detail which clinical events nurses perceived as 'critical', apart from two North American studies. Exploratory research of Australian nurses was undertaken to confirm and contrast their understandings and views with those of other work specialties and North American findings. DESIGN/METHODS: Two hundred and twenty-seven full-time registered nurses at a metropolitan medical centre responded to a survey questionnaire designed for the study based on findings of earlier studies regarding critical incidents. RESULTS: Respondents viewed the sexual abuse of a child and death of a child as the most critical of events listed on the questionnaire and an emergency situation as the most frequent and stressful incident in the previous year. Factor analysis indicated the existence of three types of critical incident represented by Grief, Emergency, and Risk Scales. Events on the Grief scale were most stressful for respondents. Although several significant relationships were found for demographics with the Grief and Risk Scales, findings were considered tentative because of disproportionate representation on many of the demographics. CONCLUSION: Further research is necessary to substantiate the findings of the study. However, the identification of the scales provided a concise way of conceptualizing the essential elements of critical incidents.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Change in disability status as a predictor of long-term survival after myocardial infarction in the elderly.

Seventy-five consecutive patients discharged from a geriatric medical ward after a proven myocardial infarction and still alive at three months were followed for three years. Twenty-two died. Sixty-five patients replied to a postal questionnaire designed to assess their degree of psychological impairment and disability sent at the end of the first and third month after discharge. The predictive value of an increased independency rating between the two administrations of the questionnaire for survival was 77%. The predictive value of a decreased independency rating for mortality was 52%. The only clinical feature noted on admission, whose frequency differed significantly between the group who died and those who survived, was a systolic blood pressure of 160 mmHg or more on admission but this was a less satisfactory predictor than change in disability status. Patients who improve their disability status in the few months after a myocardial infarction also have a low long-term mortality and can safely be excluded from out-patient follow-up.

Aged↗