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PubMed2002

[Anne Conway's mysterious illness and its philosophical consequences].

This article presents the influence of Anne Conway's illness on her philosophical views. Anne Conway (1631-1679) was an English thinker of the Cambridge Platonist school. In the article the symptoms of the illness and the method of the treatment are described. Also, some of Conway's philosophical concepts, which in the opinion of the author of the article were influenced by the feeling of pain, are presented. These are: the substantial monism, the rejection of the concept of death as the annihilation of a particular being, the importance of pain in the individual's self-improvement.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed1999

The concept of adequate causation and Max Weber's comparative sociology of religion.

Max Weber's The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, studied in isolation, shows mainly an elective affinity or an adequacy on the level of meaning between the Protestant ethic and the 'spirit' of capitalism. Here it is suggested that Weber's subsequent essays on 'The Economic Ethics of World Religions' are the result of his opinion that adequacy on the level of meaning needs and can be verified by causal adequacy. After some introductory remarks, particularly on elective affinity, the paper tries to develop the concept of adequate causation and the related concept of objective possibility on the basis of the work of v. Kries on whom Weber heavily relied. In the second part, this concept is used to show how the study of the economic ethics of India, China, Rome and orthodox Russia can support the thesis that the 'spirit' of capitalism, although it may not have been caused by the Protestant ethic, was perhaps adequately caused by it.

Capitalism↗
PubMed2003

Particles of the soul. The medical and Lutheran context of Daniel Sennert's atomism.

Daniel Sennert was a well-known and influential representative of early 17th-century atomism. He used Aristolelian hylomorphic terminology to put forward medical new ideas on the relationship between matter and soul. His belief in a mere multiplication of preexistent forms/souls since the Creation and in a coexistence of dominant and subordinate forms in natural things led him to the notion of atoms of the soul which via seman could transfer the human soul form one generation to the next. Focussing on the professional and cultural context of Sennert's theory rather than on its retrospective importance in the history of chemistry, this paper argues that it was a largely medical framework from which Sennert developed these ideas, and it stresses Sennert's strong Lutheran allegiances as a major driving force, especially behind his atomist traducianism, i.e. his claim that the human soul was propagated per traducem in tiny particles of matter rather than merely being infused days or weeks after conception, as Catholics and Calvinists alike asserted.

History, 17th Century↗