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Results for “Perceptual Disorders”

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At least 523 records · Page 29Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Auditory perceptual problems in children: considerations for the otolaryngologist and audiologist.

Five cases of children with auditory processing problems are presented. These children had essentially normal peripheral hearing and ENT exam, but were referred with a question of hearing loss. An auditory perceptual test battery including rapidly alternating speech (RASP), binaural fusion, low pass filtered speech (LPFS), competing sentences, staggered spondiac words (SSW), dichotic digits and frequency patterns was employed. Though some of these tests did not show a perceptual deficit, the majority did depict specific types of auditory processing problems. Based on the information provided by this test battery, appropriate diagnosis and therapy can be provided for the patient.

Auditory Perceptual Disorders↗
PubMed2005

Staring in the eye of auditory neglect: comments on 'gaze direction modulates auditory spatial deficits in stroke patients with neglect'.

In the current issue of Cortex, Pavani and colleagues show that directing gaze toward the contralesional hemifield significantly diminishes the auditory deficits associated with unilateral neglect. The authors suggest that this beneficial effect of gaze direction may arise due to the recruitment of crossmodal attentional links between audition and vision. A complementary interpretation of these findings is that directing gaze toward neglected sound sources encourages the recoding of auditory spatial location in a relatively preserved frame of reference, and that it is through this coordinate transformation process that awareness of auditory stimuli may be regained. Rehabilitation strategies aimed at recoding stimuli within relatively preserved reference frames may be a useful step forward in managing unilateral neglect.

Attention↗
PubMed2005

Gaze direction modulates auditory spatial deficits in stroke patients with neglect.

We investigated the effects of eye position on auditory spatial deficits in four patients with left neglect and right-hemisphere damage, using three blocked gaze directions (35 degrees to the right, central, or 35 degrees to the left), while preventing any head-movement to ensure that initial auditory inputs remained constant regardless of eye-in-orbit position. The auditory task required speeded discrimination of sound elevation, with patients moving a central lever up or down according to the vertical position of a peripheral target sound, regardless of its side (left or right). Replicating previous auditory research, the patients' vertical discrimination performance was worse for auditory targets on the contralesional (left) versus the ipsilesional side, indicating neglect-related auditory deficits on this task. Critically, while this worse performance for left than right auditory targets was present (for both reaction times and errors) when gaze was directed centrally or rightwards, it was considerably reduced when gaze was directed leftwards. These results demonstrate that lateral gaze-direction can modulate neglect-related auditory spatial deficits, even though eye-position did not alter the initial auditory inputs. This outcome may relate to audio-visual links in spatial orienting and potentially some retinocentric influences on perceived sound location, although the latter alone could not explain all our results. Such findings might involve multisensory brain structures in which responses to sounds are modulated by eye-in-orbit position.

Attention↗
PubMed1989

The role of individual difference in determining the nature of comprehension defects in aphasia.

This study was concerned with the relationship between locus of lesion and subtypes of language comprehension defect in aphasia. Previous studies had indicated that performance in sound recognition identified two subtypes of aural comprehension deficit and that performance in pantomime recognition identified two subtypes of reading comprehension defect. Defects in sound recognition and pantomime recognition were found in association with a variety of lesion loci. However, comprehension defective aphasics with normal sound recognition or pantomime recognition had lesions closely similar in location and size to those of aphasics who performed poorly on these tests. Findings suggest that whether an aphasic with a language comprehension defect is impaired in sound recognition or pantomime recognition depends, at least in part, on individually variable predisposing factors. It would appear possible that this phenomenon reflects a separate dimension of hemispheric cerebral dominance.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

The potential value of serial cerebral SPECT scanning in the evaluation of psychiatric illness.

Cerebral SPECT imaging has the potential to make an important contribution to clinical psychiatry. Cerebral SPECT scanning, stimulated by the work with PET, is readily available and much less expensive than PET. This paper reports a case demonstrating the potential value of cerebral SPECT scanning with I-123 IMP, specifically in the serial evaluation of a schizophrenic patient with auditory hallucinations. The initial scan revealed focal areas of increased uptake in the caudate nuclei of the basal ganglia, and in the right temporal lobe. After pharmacological treatment with clinical improvement, the follow-up SPECT scan demonstrated significant improvement in the distribution of the radiopharmaceutical.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Word deafness in Wernicke's aphasia.

Three patients with otherwise typical Wernicke's aphasia showed consistent superiority of visual over auditory comprehension. The precedents for and anatomical basis of a selective auditory deficit in Wernicke's aphasia are discussed, including the relationship to pure word deafness. One implication of spared visual language function may be the use of gesture in language therapy for such patients.

Aphasia↗
PubMed1990

[Approaches to therapy of auditory agnosia].

In a 41-year-old stroke patient with bitemporal brain damage, we found severe signs of auditory agnosia 6 months after onset. Recognition of environmental sounds was extremely impaired when tested in a multiple choice sound-picture matching task, whereas auditory discrimination between sounds and picture identifications by written names was almost undisturbed. In a therapy experiment, we tried to enhance sound recognition via semantic categorization and association, imitation of sound and analysis of auditory features, respectively. The stimulation of conscious auditory analysis proved to be increasingly effective over a 4-week period of therapy. We were able to show that the patient's improvement was not only a simple effect of practicing, but it was stable and carried over to nontrained items.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Screening for perceptual skills dysfunction: an up-date.

The paper argues that the primary-care practitioner has an obligation to screen the visual and auditory perceptual skills of all his/her elementary school-aged patients. Two easy-to-administer tests are described, along with guidelines for interpreting and making decisions on the basis of test outcomes.

Auditory Perceptual Disorders↗
PubMed1989

Comparison of SCAN results with other auditory and language measures in a clinical population.

This study was conducted to compare results of SCAN: A Screening Test for Auditory Processing Disorders with other central auditory and language tests. The SCAN, Staggered Spondee Word test (SSW), Competing Sentence test, Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT), and the Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals-Revised (CELF-R) were administered to 155 children between the ages of 6 and 15 years. All subjects were referred for possible auditory or language processing disorders. Results showed significant correlations between the SCAN, SSW, and Competing Sentence test results except for Filtered Word and Auditory Figure Ground subtests of SCAN that were not significantly correlated with the Competing Sentence Test. Significant correlations also existed between SCAN and the PPVT, but there were no significant correlations between SCAN and the CELF-R subtests. Patterns of responses according to histories of Attention Deficit Disorders were also found.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Auditory pattern perception in 'split brain' patients.

Three "split brain" subjects with normal peripheral hearing were tested on identifying monaurally presented auditory intensity and frequency patterns. One subject was tested before commissurotomy, ten days later, and one year after surgery. Results indicated that sectioning the corpus callosum dramatically affects the ability to verbally report both intensity and frequency patterns. However, the ability of the subjects to correctly "hum" frequency patterns was not impaired. Thus, it appears for a correct verbal report of an auditory pattern, interhemispheric transfer of acoustic information is required, while "humming" the pattern does not. Further application of this finding implicates auditory pattern tasks as as a potentially valuable test for detecting problems of higher auditory processing, particularly those affecting interhemispheric interaction.

Auditory Pathways↗
PubMed2005

Visual processing in schizophrenia: Structural equation modeling of visual masking performance.

Schizophrenic patients consistently demonstrate performance deficits on visual masking procedures. In visual masking, the subject's ability to process a target stimulus is reduced by another stimulus (mask) presented either before (forward masking) or after (backward masking) the target. Masking procedures employed in schizophrenia research have used several experimental paradigms. Most early studies have used high-energy masks (i.e., the mask is stronger than the target) and spatially overlapping target and mask. More recently, studies have begun to employ relatively weak (i.e., low-energy) masks, as well as masks that surround, but do not spatially overlap, the target. Data for forward and backward masking components of four masking conditions (target location and identification with a high-energy mask, target identification with a low-energy mask, and target identification with equal energy paracontrast/metacontrast) were collected from 75 patients with schizophrenia. Based on theoretical distinctions among masking procedures, we compared four models of visual masking using structural equation modeling. Although high zero-order correlations were found among the masking parameters, a four-factor model, in which factors were separated on the type of response (target location and identification), the shape of the function (monotonic and non-monotonic), and the overlap of the stimuli (overlapping and non-overlapping), provided the best fit for the data. These findings suggest that the four masking procedures used in this study may tap unique aspects of visual processing and are not redundant. The results also support theories of the different mechanisms underlying performance on these measures.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Audio-visual integration in schizophrenia.

Integration of information provided simultaneously by audition and vision was studied in a group of 18 schizophrenic patients. They were compared to a control group, consisting of 12 normal adults of comparable age and education. By administering two tasks, each focusing on one aspect of audio-visual integration, the study could differentiate between a spatial integration deficit and a speech-based integration deficit. Experiment 1 studied audio-visual interactions in the spatial localisation of sounds. Experiment 2 investigated integration of auditory and visual speech. The schizophrenic group performed as the control group on the sound localisation task, but in the audio-visual speech task, there was an impairment in lipreading as well as a smaller impact of lipreading on auditory speech information. Combined with findings about functional and neuro-anatomical specificity of intersensory integration, the data suggest that there is an integration deficit in the schizophrenic group that is related to the processing of phonetic information.

Adult↗