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PubMed1985

Schools of the allied health professions and the future: report of a Delphi study.

During the 1982-83 academic year, ten members of the College of Health Deans participated in a five-round Delphi study to identify objectives for schools of the allied health professions through the year 1991. There was consensus among the deans participating that 29 potential developments in health and health care are highly likely to occur by 1991 and that 13 objectives relative to these developments are of highest importance to schools of the allied health professions.

Delphi Technique↗
PubMed1985

Early dental journalism: a mirror of the development of dentistry as a profession.

The rise of dentistry from a mechanical trade to a profession has often been attributed to the so-called "triumvirate" of organization, education, and journal literature. This essay focuses on one part of the triumvirate, examining the role of journals in the growth of dentistry as a profession, from the appearance of the first journal in 1839 to the publication of the Index to Dental Literature in 1921. Rather than discussing the history of individual titles, it identifies some of the broader issues and problems that confronted early dental journalism. The evolution of dental journals from trade house publications to independent scientific literature mirrored the movement toward professional status in dentistry during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMed1985

Tenure and the allied health professions: issues and alternatives.

This article traces the development of tenure from its origins to modern times. External and internal pressures and constraints which have led to a debate on the nature and need for the existence of tenure are described. The traditional and alternative tenure models are set forth. The impact of the tenure process upon the allied health professions is discussed, and the authors recommend that the allied health professions should strive for professional parity by adopting the traditional criteria for tenure.

Allied Health Personnel↗
PubMed1985

Environment, ideology, and role performance: a contextual needs assessment for an allied health profession.

Two major issues for semiprofessions are the lack of a clearly defined and unique theory base and the degree to which practitioners can maintain their identity while conforming to the expectations of their work settings. Thus, an important aspect to an educational needs assessment for allied health professions is an examination of the interaction between a theory-based ideology of practice and environmental demands. This paper describes a survey that was conducted as a needs assessment for occupational therapy. By examining the presence of ideologies in a field characterized by identity confusion and by ascertaining the relative susceptibility of these ideologies to environmental influences, the survey was seen as a beginning step toward development of a proactive, change-oriented needs assessment for an allied health profession.

Environment↗
PubMed1977

[Sarcoidosis and profession (author's transl)].

This paper is basing on hitherto not published results of a dynamic community-related epidemiologic study, passed by data processing on sarcoidosis within the territory of the district of Cottbus (860000 inhabitants). The completely registered new cases of sarciodosis during the years 1961-1975 (1647 cases) have been recorded using the following epidemiologic parameters: profession, age, sex, education, residential district, personal status and so on. The classification according to professional groups was carried out correspondingly to an appropriate modification of the professional catalogue of the WHO. Under consideration of the hitherto very contradictory data in literature--the result of our investigation points to the importance of this epidemiologic parameter. Conclusions could be drawn also as to morbidity, pathogenesis and prophylaxis results. The correlation between profession, education and residential district allows interpretations on the causes of regional differences in the incidence of sardoidosis in rural districts. In the district of Cottbus there is an accumulation of sarcoidosis in rural districts respectively in professional branches prevailing there.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

The physician's assistant profession: results of a 1978 survey of graduates.

The authors describe the major findings of a 1978 national survey of 4,500 physician's assistants. Seventy-four percent of the respondents were working in primary care specialties, and two-thirds were located primarily in institutions rather than private practice settings. Almost half (47 percent) of the respondents were working in communities of fewer than 50,000 persons. Physician's assistants were more likely than physicians to be working in nonurban areas. The average income of a physician's assistant in 1978 was $17,611, and there was little variation by major specialty or practice-setting categories. Since 1974 there appeared to have been a shift within the profession toward employment in family practice, in institutional settings, and in urban areas. There also had been a notable increase in numbers of women, persons with more extensive educational backgrounds, and persons with civilian allied health backgrounds in the physician's assistant profession.

Humans↗
PubMed1983

[Profession and origin of patients with neurosyphilitic diseases in a psychiatric hospital over a 50-year period].

Through informations obtained at the statistical and medical register service, it was done a descriptive study of some epidemiological aspects of neurosyphilis and general progressive paralysis at the Juliano Moreira Hospital, Bahia, Brasil, in a period of 50 years (1930-1979). For this purpose medical dossiers, obituaries, ingoing and outgoing register books, the census and nosocomial bulletin were referred. The distribution of disease was analysed comparing profession and origin according to sex, diagnosis, decade and time before and after penicillin therapy. The results allowed us to conclude that: a) The professions that we found more frequently were: formers, merchants, housewives, stoneworkers, public officials, tailors, soldiers, shoemakers, laborer workers; b) During the periods of war, we observed an increase in the number of ill soldiers; c) Patients coming from the urban zone were more frequently affected by the disease.

Brazil↗
PubMed1983

Criteria, purposes, and methods for evaluating the clinical competence of students in the allied health professions.

A review is presented of the methods related to the development of criteria and methods for evaluating the clinical competence of students in the allied health professions. The evaluation instrument should reflect the competencies expected of the student at the entry level of the profession and should be objective, valid, reliable, and practical. Since strengths and limitations are inherent in all types of evaluative techniques, a combination of techniques is desirable. The evaluation process should serve as a means of assessing student performance, improving instruction, evaluating program goals and objectives, and encouraging student development.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed1982

Women in male-dominated professions.

The problems faced by women pharmacists are discussed in relation to the literature on women in male-dominated fields. Subconscious stereotypes preclude the occurrence of true equality for women pharmacists in many hospitals. Some people have predicted that the clinical pharmacist role will be primarily filled by men since men are perceived to have the time commitment, aggressiveness, and rapport with physicians that is considered necessary for that role. Women in health professions are perceived to be dedicated to service and not self-interest, and people expect them to drop out of the labor force to raise families, thus obviating the need for promotions and salary increases. Research has shown that women in male-dominated fields place more importance on success values than do women in other fields. Fear of success, defined as anxiety about doing well when competing with men, can be a problem for women, particularly if they have a strong affiliative need. It is important that women in male-dominated professions become actively involved in professional organizations to facilitate their gaining a professional identity. In addition, these women need to be encouraged to seek out managerial positions and to be given a clearer understanding that being a manager can be combined with family and household responsibilities. People can eliminate stereotypes from their thinking only if, after they admit the stereotypes exist, they make a conscious effort to not treat women pharmacists on the basis of what women pharmacists have done in the past.

Administrative Personnel↗
PubMed1982

Determining priorities for state components of the American Society of Allied Health Professions.

The purpose of this study was to identify the goals and objectives considered essential by the members of the Texas Society of Allied Health Professions (TSAHP), as well as other state affiliates and chapters of the American Society of Allied Health Professions (ASAHP). Initially, a survey instrument was developed through a Delphi exercise that involved 21 allied health professionals from TSAHP. The exercise generated a 56-item instrument, which was labeled the TSAHP Priority Rating Scale (TPRS). The TPRS was used to survey the memberships of the five functioning state components to ASAHP (as of January 31, 1979). The total membership of the combined components was 477, of which 316 (66%) responded to the survey. From the data it was possible to determine those priorities considered most important by the members of each functioning state component. The data also indicated general consensus among the state components regarding what those priorities should be.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Skill domains for allied health professions.

Seven highly generalizable cognitive affective skill domains have been postulated as broad goals worthy of being incorporated into educational programs in the helping professions. Previous research found that, allowing for marked differences between disciplines, helping professionals perceived all the skill domains to be required areas of competence for effective professional practice and to be relatively teachable. However, with the exception of basic professional/technical skills, the professionals were less sure such competencies should be used as criteria for student selection and evaluation and were certain these skill areas are not being used in this manner. This study replicates and extends previous research by focusing exclusively on education in the allied health professions. New findings are virtually identical to those found in other disciplines. The contrast between what is needed and can be done and what is felt should be and is being done bodes ill for efforts to establish explicit affective curricular goals and instructional procedures in allied health professional education.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed1995

Position on allied health professions education and funding.

ASAHP recommends that the federal government should, as the largest consumer of health care, play a central role in partnership with state governments and private institutions in reducing shortages of allied health personnel. Furthermore, ASAHP believes that this role should encompass attracting students (particularly from minority and underserved portions of the population) both to academic allied health programs through the provision of entry-level traineeships and advanced programs which prepare allied health professionals for careers as educators and researchers. No federal programs were authorized specifically to support allied health education during the period from 1981 to 1989. PL 100-607, the Health Professions Reauthorization Act of 1988, authorized $6 million ($2 million in each of three categories), but only $737,000 was appropriated in FY 1990 for Allied Health Grants and Contracts. The Bureau of Health Professions subsequently received 122 proposals in February 1990, representing more than $10,000,000 in requests for this limited amount. Since then, the Bureau has received an average of 100 proposals for each annual funding cycle. In addition to providing continuation grants for existing projects, the Bureau is currently able to award an average of 10 new grants each year. The $3,935,000 appropriated for FY 1995 will be used to fund perhaps another 12 to 15 initiatives. ASAHP believes that substantially more financial assistance is required than what is currently being appropriated. Furthermore, the most suitable venue for the federal government to affect reductions in the shortage of allied health professionals is through the advanced training portion of the Section 766 Program, which remains unfunded.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMed1995

[Klaus Grawe's confession and the psychoanalytic profession].

1994 saw the publication of the volume Psychotherapie im Wandel. Von der Konfession zur Profession ("Psychotherapy in Transition. From Confession to Profession") by K. Grawe et al. This book did much to fuel the professional policy debate on the purpose and efficiency of long-term and high-frequency analytic psychotherapies. The author examines Grawe's book, comparing its methodological approach with other (largely US-American) studies on psychotherapeutic research, and concludes that the studies analysed by Grawe do not do justice to the realities of psychoanalytic therapy. He advocates more naturalist designs reflecting the change from controlled therapies in institutions to clinical treatment in private practices. Finally he criticises psychoanalysts for having failed to provide evaluation of long-term and high-frequency analysis.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Celebrating the Year of Oral Health: changing public expectation and challenges for the profession.

The year 1994 was designated as the Year of Oral Health by the World Health Organization. The remarkable progress in oral health achieved in the United States over the past several decades is cause for celebration; however, the gains have not been equitably distributed and many challenges remain if good oral health is to become a reality for all Americans. Members of the dental profession in general, and Fellows of the American College of Dentists in particular, have a responsibility to be aware of not only the health of our individual patients but also the oral health of the public as a whole. Many opportunities to improve dental practice on the individual and community level exist. By taking action to better meet the overall oral health needs of society, the dentist can increase professional satisfaction, improve the health of the public, and enhance the status of the dental profession.

Dentistry↗
PubMed1994

Medicaid reform: an opportunity for the osteopathic medical profession.

Established in 1965 to provide medical care for the impoverished, the Medicaid program has pitted state governments against the federal government, and made adversaries of the providers. The authors examine the legislative history of the program and the rapid growth of expenditures that have led states to cut benefits, tighten eligibility requirements, and slash payments to providers. The call for comprehensive healthcare reform and universal access put Medicaid at the forefront of proposed changes. The osteopathic medical profession, which already provides a quarter of the care in the program, has an opportunity to lead in innovation to promote program efficiencies, and to affirm the profession's commitment to serve vulnerable populations.

Forecasting↗
PubMed1993

Effective strategies and programs to increase minority participation in the health professions for the 21st century.

Efforts in the 1960s and early 1970s aggressively met the national health care challenge to increase minority enrollment in health professions schools. These efforts resulted from an academic and community-based collaboration supported by public and private funding. This review was undertaken to inventory the strategies and programs of that period and to highlight effective strategies. A literature review of minority program studies was conducted to catalog specific strategies and programmatic activities. Criteria used to evaluate effectiveness were also assessed. Publication of any studies and evaluations of these programs are limited; longitudinal studies are scarce. Evaluative criteria of that time combined quantitative and qualitative measures that were not applied uniformly and consistently. The inventory of programmatic activity ranged from career awareness days to establishment of health career "magnet" schools. The review found that three strategies--awareness development, enrichment/reinforcement, and prematriculation--were effectively applied in programs across all areas of the health professions studied, that is, MODVOPP (medicine, optometry, dentistry, veterinary science, osteopathy, podiatry, and pharmacy), nursing, and allied health. Today these strategies continue to be effectively applied, but the hostile social climate and dwindling funding threaten the progress made. Revitalization of past efforts is imperative.

Education↗
PubMed1996

Research ethics and the medical profession. Report of the Advisory Committee on Human Radiation Experiments.

The Advisory Committee on Human Radiation Experiments was convened by President Clinton in January 1994 in response to allegations of unethical practices in radiation experiments involving human subjects that were sponsored by the US government between 1944 and 1974. The committee's Final Report was released in October 1995. In addition to analyzing the history of the ethics of medical research involving human subjects, the committee reviewed current federal policies and procedures for protection of human subjects. In this article, the committee's findings are discussed as they relate to the patient-physician relationship, the issue of trust, and the specific role of the physician-investigator in all types of human experimentation. The committee found evidence of discussion of the conduct of human research at the highest levels of the government and within the medical profession, particularly with regard to risk, during the 1940s and 1950s. However, in both federal policy and professional practice, requirements for consent were more likely to apply to "healthy volunteers" than to patient-subjects (ie, those with disease or illness). Today, consensus exists that duties to obtain informed consent apply to all human subjects, whether healthy or sick, regardless of the risk or potential for medical benefit from participation in the research and regardless of the nature of sponsorship or funding (eg, federal, military, or private). Based on a finding of serious deficiencies in the current system of protections for human subjects, the committee offers a number of recommendations, including changes in institutional review boards; in the interpretation of ethics rules and policies; in oversight, accountability, and sanctions for ethics violations; and in compensation for research injuries. More than public policy changes, however, the committee recommends that the medical profession intensify its commitment to the ethics of research involving human subjects.

Advisory Committees↗