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Results for “POULTRY DISEASES”

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At least 523 records · Page 29Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

Single and mixed infections of avian infectious bronchitis virus and Mycoplasma gallisepticum.

Comparative studies of the clinical signs, pathological changes, multiplication of the pathogens and serological responses were made of groups of chickens infected with either or both avian infectious bronchitis virus and Mycoplasma gallisepticum. Electron microscopic examination of thin sections of infected tracheas showed that the multiplication of M. gallisepticum was greatly enhanced in the tracheas of chickens which had been previously or simultaneously infected with avian infectious bronchitis virus. The enhanced multiplication of mycoplasmas resulted in more severe clinical signs, pathological effects and serological responses. These findings confirm the general belief that avian infectious bronchitis infection may precipitate latent mycoplasma infection. Similar experiments were made in the allantoic sacs of 10-day embryonated hens' eggs. The results again show that there was at least a one hundred-fold increase in the multiplication of M. gallisepticum in eggs simultaneously or previously infected with avian infectious bronchitis virus. These findings emphasize the importance of using mycoplasma-free eggs for the production of virus vaccines.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Increasing number of Salmonella paratyphi B isolates from slaughtered poultry sent in to the national Salmonella reference laboratory].

In the last years the number of isolations of Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar paratyphi B (S. paratyphi B) sent to the national salmonella reference laboratory of Germany has increased steadily. Most of the isolates originated from fowl or poultry products. The bacteriological, serological and biochemical properties of the isolates were investigated. Special emphasis was given to the utilization of d-tartrate which subgroups the serovar. All of them belonged to the d-tartrate positive variant, which is generally considered less virulent for humans and was formerly called S. java. The performance of various tests is compared and in addition the possibility of the spread within the production line is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

[Study of immunity in coccidiosis in chickens experimentally infected with Marek's disease].

The immunity was studied against coccidiosis in birds that had preliminary been infected with Marek's disease. Results showed that birds infected with Marek's disease are unable to build up stable immunity against an oocyst infection of Eimeria tenella. The rate of mortality due to Marek's disease in birds infected with the virus of Marek's disease and additionally infected with oocysts of E. tenella was higher as compared with that in birds that were infected only with the virus of Marek's disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

The involvement of biotin in preventing the fatty liver and kidney syndrome in chicks.

Three experiments were carried out to investigate the involvement of vitamins in the fatty liver and kidney syndrome. The compounds studied, singly and in combination, were thiamin, riboflavin, nicotinic acid, pyridoxine, pantothenic acid, biotin, folic acid vitamin B12, ascorbic acid, choline and inositol and of these, only biotin prevented the syndrome. The minimum levels of supplemental dietary biotin required to prevent mortality varied from 0-05 to 0-15 mg/kg, depending on the diet. These levels were higher than the amounts required for maximum liveweight.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1992

[Pathologic changes in the organs in chickens after infection with the turkey herpesvirus THV-BIO-I].

The objective of our work was to investigate the dynamics of pathological lesions of chicken organs after infection with high doses of turkey herpesvirus THV-BIO-I. This virus strain is commonly used in form of the Marvak vaccine against Marek's disease of poultry in Czechoslovakia. High doses of the vaccine are used in practice with respect to the epizootological situation. The incidence of pathological lesions in the organs of Brown Leghorn chickens was investigated in a five-week experiment. One-day chickens were infected intramuscularly with the HVT strain at the doses of approximately 10(2), 10(3) and 10(4) PFU in 0.2 ml of infective inoculum per chick. The body weights of ten chickens of each group were recorded at intervals of 1, 2, 3 and 5 weeks after infection, serological examination was performed for precipitating antibodies to MDV and the feather was examined for MDV-antigen. Bursae Fabricii and spleens were weighed. Thymus, bursae Fabricii, spleens, peripheral nerves (n. ischiadicus and pl. brachialis) and gonads were sampled for histopathological examination. Neither maternal nor post-infection antibodies were found in any chick. Cytolytic lesion severity of lymphoid organs was scored using the scale of immunosuppression degrees (0-4). Morphological criteria were published in a previous paper (Halouzka and Jurajda, 1991b). The differences observed in the weights of bursa Fabricii and spleen between the infected and control chickens were not statistically significant. The observed lymphoid infiltrations in the skin, gonads, nerves and other tissues following the HVT infection are well-known and correlate with the infection dose.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Isolation and study of biological properties of non-oncogenic Marek's disease herpesviruses in chickens. 2. Characterization in vivo].

In a previous paper (Jurajda and Halouzka, 1992) the in vitro isolation of two chicken herpesviruses of Marek's disease (M and K strains) was described and results of their characterization were presented. The present paper deals with the in vivo characterization of both isolates: pathogenicity and immunosuppressive characteristics of isolates were observed in a five-week test period, along with the development and production dynamics of antibodies and viral antigen in the feathers of experimentally infected chickens of the Brown Leghorn breed. A technique of double immunodiffusion in agar gel according to Ouchterlony, modified by Woernl (1966), was used to determine the presence of antibodies to Marek's disease virus (MDV) in blood serum and of precipitating MDV-antigen in feather quills of tested chickens. Isolate multiplication and titration were performed in a system of chicken embryonal fibroblasts (CEF) (Jurajda et al., 1984). Chickens were infected i.m. with three virus doses - 10(2) to 10(4) PFU per chicken while the dose 10(4) corresponded to the titre of 10,800 PFU/0.2 ml for M isolate and to the titre of 8,600 PFU/0.2 ml for K isolate. The nature and rate of regressive changes in lymphatic organs were determined according to criteria described by Halouzka and Jurajda (1991). The results are summarized in Tabs. I and II. Neither of the isolates evoked clinical or pathomorphological macroscopic symptoms of the disease. M isolate induced microscopic MD-specific changes in the peripheral nerves (of C type) and only moderate and transient signs of immunosuppression in 11% of infected chickens.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Evaluation of the etiopathogenic significance of E. coli serotypes 0 1--0 25].

A study was carried out on the incidence of E. coli serogroups 01--025, under different clinical and epidemiologic conditions, with a view to evaluating their etiopathogenic significance and the efficiency of immunofluoresence as a rapid laboratory method of diagnosis. A total number of 1542 samples were collected from humans (1075 feces samples and 467 urine samples from cases of urinary infection), and 387 from animals. The samples were collected from cases of enteritis and from healthy children and adults: 285 samples from infantile enteritis cases; 200 samples from adults with enteritis; 31 samples from healthy children: and 559 samples from healthy adults. These E. coli serogroups were found in humans, in both pathologic and normal conditions. The proportion of isolations of E. coli serogroups 01--025 was greater in the feces samples from healthy subjects than in the samples from enternal or urinary infections (48.80% as against 23.21%), demonstrating the opportunist character of these germs. Positive results were obtained in 30.23% of the products of animal origin (monkeys, dogs, chickens), pointing to the wide spread of these serogroups in nature. Serogroups 04 and 025 were predominant in both the human and animal products. The rapid immunofluorescence diagnosis cannot be applied to these serogroups owing to the multiple and varied antigenic fractions. The laboratory diagnosis can only be established in pure cultures by identification of the groups, by biochemical and serolgic methods, by agglutination reactions on slides and in test tubes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Immunization of day-old chickens against Newcastle disease.

The avirulent Newcastle disease virus strain designated NDV-6/10, selected by B. Lomniczi at the Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, is completely safe for day-old chickens by aerosol vaccination. Aerosol immunization using the Hungarian-made MASTERDROP generator (particle size: maximum 7 microns) caused no vaccination reactions among 206,000 chickens with different maternal antibody levels. Other vaccines given simultaneously did not significantly affect the protection elicited against Newcastle disease (ND). Almost 100% and 90% of the aerosolized chickens survived subcutaneous challenge with 10(6) LD50 NDV at 30 and 50 days old, respectively. A single immunization is sufficient for broilers; however, parent flocks should be revaccinated at 7 so 8 weeks old.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Protection of chickens from Newcastle and Marek's diseases with a recombinant herpesvirus of turkeys vaccine expressing the Newcastle disease virus fusion protein.

Recombinant strains of herpesvirus of turkeys (HVT) were constructed that contain either the fusion protein gene or the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase gene of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) inserted into a nonessential gene of HVT. Expression of the NDV antigens was regulated from a strong promoter element derived from the Rous sarcoma virus long terminal repeat. Recombinant HVT strains were stable and fully infectious in cell culture and in chickens. Chickens receiving a single intra-abdominal inoculation at 1 day of age with recombinant HVT expressing the NDV fusion protein had an immunological response and were protected (> 90%) against lethal intramuscular challenge at 28 days of age with the neurotropic velogenic NDV strain Texas GB. Recombinant HVT expressing the NDV hemagglutinin-neuraminidase provided partial protection (47%) against the same challenge. Chickens vaccinated with recombinant HVT vaccines had low levels of protection against NDV replication in the trachea when challenged ocularly. Recombinant HVT vaccines and the parent HVT strain provided similar levels of protection to chickens challenged with the very virulent RB1B strain of Marek's disease virus, indicating that insertion of foreign sequences into the HVT genome did not compromise the ability of HVT to protect against Marek's disease.

Animals↗