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The article reported the Chinese medicational materias descriptions, the microscopic characteristics and the physical-chemical identification of zhuzicao (Phyllanthus niruni Linn).
OBJECTIVE: To gain a clear idea on the resources of medicinal plants of Polygonum in Gansu. METHODS: Field investigation, specimen collection, taxonomic study, scientific names study and literature retrieval were carried out. RESULTS: The distribution, ecological environment and medicinal parts of 23 species and 7 varieties of Polygonum from Gansu have been clarified. CONCLUSION: The investigation may prove to be useful for the utility and further study of Polygonum in Gansu province.
OBJECTIVE: To identify two types of Pogostemon cablin (Guang Huoxiang), Shipai Huoxiang and Hainan Huoxiang. METHOD: Morphological and microscopical methods. RESULTS: Long bag-like glandular hairs with one-cell head existing in the intercellular space are found in the cortex of stems, mesophyll and parenchyma of midrib. The glandular hairs with special large one-cell head and with a special short and small one-cell stalk, flat bag-like cuticle above secretory cell are caved in the forms of square, triangle, convex len and round-oids are also found in the surface of leaves and stems. The primary pholem fiber bundles with very thick walls are uncontinuous and arranged with a circle in the transverse section of stems; the perimedullary cells contain needle and prism crystals. Above-mentioned characters are differed from other plants of Labiate family. The old stems are cylinderoid forms, branch angles are usually smaller than 60 degrees, the surface of upper, middle stems and young leaves with purple colour are unusual, the palisade ratio are less than 10(5.05 and 9.26 cultivated seperatedly in Guangzhou and Gaoyao), in Shipai Huoxiang. But in Hainan Huoxiang, the old stems are rectangular cylinder, branch angles are usually over 60 degrees, the surface of upper, middle stems and young leaves are commonly purple colour, the palisade ratio are over 10(14.35, 13.18, 13.84 and 14.33 cultivated separatedlly in Wuchuan, Suixi, Leizhou and Hainan). CONCLUSION: Above-mentioned characters may distinguish two types of Pogostemon cablin, Shipai Huoxiang and Hainan Houxiang.
OBJECTIVE: To compare the contents of three valepotrates intraspecifically and intraspecifically in three medicinal Valeriana plants grown in different areas in China. METHODS: The method of RE-HPLC was adopted. RESULTS: The results showed that the contents of three valepotriates in Valeriana jatamansi Jones, V. officinalis L. and V. officinalis var. latifolia Miq. were different. Among them, that of Valeriana jatamansi Jones was the highest. The contents of three valepotrates in Valeriana jatamansi Jones varied significantly from different areas, samples collected from Longli of Guizhou province ranking the highest. The contents of three valepotriates in V. officnalis L. also varied significantly from different areas, samples from Liuba of Shaanxi province showing the highest. The results also showed that the contents of three valepotriates in underground part are all higher than that in aerial part. CONCLUSION: The interspecific and intraspecific differences of valepotriates in three Valeriana plans were obvious.
The separation of triterpene acids was achieved from Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf by TLC after treatment with Ph2CNN or RX under mild condition followed by selective hydrolysis of ester groupings. Three triterpene acids, 3 beta-acetoxyl-16 alpha-hydroxy-lanosta-8,24(31)-diene-21-oic acid (I), 3-oxo-16 alpha-hydroxy-lanosta-7,9(11), 24(31)-trien-21-oic acid (II) and 3 beta, 16 alpha-dihydroxylanosta-7,9(11), 24(31)-trien-21-oic acid (III) were isolated.
OBJECTIVE: To directly and accurately identify Artemisia argyi Levl. et Vant., Artemisia dubia Wall. and Artemisia lavandulaefolia DC. METHODS: Fourier tansform infrared (FTIR) spectrum method was used. RESULT: There were obvious differences among the FTIR spectrums of above-mentioned plants. CONCLUSION: Artemisia argyi Levl. et Vant., Artemisia dubia Wall. and Artemisia lavandulaefolia DC. were directly, fast and accurately identified by FTIR.
According to textual study of herbal drugs and modern scientific research of chemical constituents and pharmacological actions of Plantago asiatica L., the record in the ancient literatures was found to be basically identical to that obtained by modern scientific research. Plantago asiatica from Plantaginaceae family is regarded as the orthodox medicinal herbs through the ages.
OBJECTIVE: To identify Phyllanthus simplex. METHODS: Morphological and histological identification. RESULTS: There are cluster crystals in cortex and mesophyll of the root and the stem from Phyllanthus simplex. Paracytic type stomata are visible. CONCLUSION: Above-mentioned characters can be used for the identification of Phyllanthus simplex.
OBJECTIVE: To establish a new identification and analysis method of Chinese medicinal materia Ligesticum chuanxiong Hort. METHODS: Powder X-ray diffraction Fourier pattern. RESULTS: Experiments and analysis were carried out on five samples. The standard X-ray diffraction Fourier pattern and characteristic diffraction peaks of Ligesticum chuanxiong Hort. were obtained. CONCLUSION: This method can be used for identification of Ligesticum chuanxiong Hort.
OBJECTIVE: To identify Citrus grandis var. tomentosa Hort. and Citrus grandis Osbeck. METHODS: Descriptions and microscopy identification. RESULTS: There are nonglandular hair in the stem epidermis, many starch grains in the stem cortex and many prismatic crystals of calcium oxalate in the phloem of C. grandis var. tomentosa Hart. The palisade tissues of the leave are thick. The outer layer palisade tissues contains prismatic crystals. The cortex of leaf vein is thick. The other characters are similar to C. grandis Osbeck. CONCLUSION: Above-mentioned characters can be used to identify C. grandis var. tomentosa Hort. and C. grandis Osbeck.
Morphological and histological characters of the root and rhizome of Globba racemosa Smith were described and illustrated with line drawing. These studies provided referential information for the identification and quality control.
In the paper, phamacognostical identification and UV-identification of Polygonum perfoliatum L. were studied.
The descriptions, microsopical characters, UV of Dodartia orientalis L. were studied. It can provide a basis for the identification of D. orientalis.
Morphological and histological characters of the rhizome, root and leaf of Alpinia jianganfeng T.L. Wu used as the origin of a traditional Chinese medicine, were described and illustrated with line drawing. These studies provide referential information for the identification and quality control.
Pollen grains, petal, corolla tube and stigma of two species of Flos Lonicerae from 11 habitats in China were examined by the light microscope (LM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The difference between the species, Lonicera japonica and L. hypoglauca, existed in the pollen grains, colporates, exines and the omamentations. Characteristics obviously varied in different species and were closely related to geographic distribution among the species. The results might provide a scientific basis for the quality evaluation of Genuine Crude Drug, and for the identification of varieties.
OBJECTIVE: To provide a new method for identifying Fructus Broussonetiae and its confused species. METHODS: Cluster analysis was adopted for the identification. RESULTS: The method can identify Fructus Broussonetiae and the results are coincident with traditional phytotaxnomy. CONCLUSION: This method can be used for the rapid and accurate differentiation of Fructus Broussonetiae.
The methods for the determination of Aconitum alkaloids in Radix Aconiti Kusnezoffii were established. Volumetric analysis with the indicator of methyl red-bromcresol green and colorimetric analysis with acid dye of bromecresol green under the wavelength of 416 nm were used for the assay of total alkaloids. Colorimetric analysis of hydroxamic acid-Fe was for the assay of total ester-diterpene type Aconitum alkaloids. Three kinds of diester-diterpene type Aconitum alkaloids (aconitine, hypaconitine and mesaconitine) were determined by HPLC method. The HPLC system consisted of C18 as the stationary phase and acetonitrile: buffer (acetic acid-triethylamine, pH 6.25) = 71:29 as the mobile phase. The wavelength was 235 nm.
OBJECTIVE: To identify the botanical origin of the Guijiu in Shosoin of Japan from Tang Dynasty, and trace its medicinal history. METHOD: Anatomical characteristics of the underground parts of Guijiu in Shosoin were compared with those of Hosta plantaginea and H. ventricosa, and research on the medicinal history of Guijiu was made based on its original identification results and describes in herbals. RESULT AND CONCLUSION: Guijiu in Shosoin of Japan was derived from the underground parts of H. plantaginea and is one of Guijiu used in Tang Dynasty and earlier on.