[A SIMPLE DEVICE FOR THE OPTIC PRINTING OF DIAPOSITIVES].
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Equipment and Supplies↗
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Results for “Optical Devices”
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[Devic neuro-optic myelitis; arterio- and arteriolosclerosis; anatomo-clinical study of a case].
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Arteriolosclerosis↗
Effect of protein on hemoglobin and hematocrit assays with a conductivity-based point-of-care testing device: comparison with optical methods.
Point-of-care testing (POCT) for blood hemoglobin and hematocrit (H/H) levels provides rapid patient assessment including the need for transfusion. Conductivity-based methods of blood H/H determinations can be influenced by plasma protein concentration. To assess this factor, we measured H/H levels at varying protein concentrations using two POCT instruments: iSTAT-1 (conductivity method) and Hemocue (optical method). These H/H results were compared to results obtained by our core laboratory hematology analyzer (GenS). Anticoagulated whole blood was centrifuged to sediment the red blood cells; the plasma was removed to serve as source of protein for mixing studies. A series of reconstituted samples was prepared with varying H/H and protein levels. To mimic hemodilution in clinical practice, samples were diluted with saline or lactated Ringer's solutions. Following H/H analysis, the samples were centrifuged and protein determined in the supernatant plasmas. The H/H results obtained with the Hemocue instrument correlated exactly with those of the GenS analyzer at protein concentrations from 0.7 to 6.2 g/dl. The correlation was unaffected when hemodilution was performed with either saline (r = 0.999) or lactated Ringer's (r = 1.000). The H/H results obtained with the iSTAT-1 instrument gave slightly less correlation with those of the GenS analyzer (r = 0.978 - 0.980) over this protein range. However, the iSTAT-1 results were generally lower than the GenS results, with discrepancies up to 2 g/dL for hemoglobin values and up to 4% for hematocrits at the lowest protein concentration. Therefore, it is recommended that H/H testing in patients with suspected hypoproteinemia or substantial hemodilution should be tested with a non-conductivity-based method.
Blood Proteins↗
Annular fog extension tube--a device for producing optically colored title slides.
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Fiber Optic Technology↗
Demonstration of a linear optical true-time delay device by use of a microelectromechanical mirror array.
We present the design and proof-of-concept demonstration of an optical device capable of producing true-time delay(s) (TTD)(s) for phased array antennas. This TTD device uses a free-space approach consisting of a single microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) mirror array in a multiple reflection spherical mirror configuration based on the White cell. Divergence is avoided by periodic refocusing by the mirrors. By using the MEMS mirror to switch between paths of different lengths, time delays are generated. Six different delays in 1-ns increments were demonstrated by using the Texas Instruments Digital Micromirror Device as the switching element. Losses of 1.6 to 5.2 dB per bounce and crosstalk of -27 dB were also measured, both resulting primarily from diffraction from holes in each pixel and the inter-pixel gaps of the MEMS.
Journal Article↗
Comparison of two video-assisted techniques for the difficult intubation.
BACKGROUND: Two recently developed video-optical intubation devices, the video-optical intubation stylet (VOIS) and the angled video intubation laryngoscope (AVIL) were compared for intubation times and success rate in a simulated difficult tracheal intubation setting. METHODS: Thirty anaesthetists were asked to perform 5 intubation attempts with both techniques. Intubation times were recorded and the subjective degree of difficulty and preference for each technique were requested. RESULTS: Intubation time with the VOIS was shorter (17.4+/-6.8 s) than with the AVIL (22.8+/-13.4 s; P=0.0001). Four of the 150 intubation attempts with the AVIL were scored as unsuccessful, due to prolonged intubation time (>60 s). The estimated degree of difficulty was not significantly different. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, both video-assisted intubation devices, the video-optical intubation stylet and the angled video intubation laryngoscope, can be considered to be simple and effective tools which facilitate tracheal intubation and which require only brief instruction and training.
Humans↗
[A device for immobilizing small biological objects under light optical study].
A device constructed on the base of a slide and a coverslip is proposed for immobilisation of small biological objects. The device permits performance of gradual and reversible squeezing of live micro-objects. Using the above device it is possible to watch one and the same living object, (for example, a ciliate) repeatedly within a prolonged period of time.
Animals↗
Location of glaucoma drainage devices relative to the optic nerve.
BACKGROUND: Limited data are available to guide optimal positioning of glaucoma drainage devices (GDD) in relation to the limbus and optic nerve. The authors aim to provide guidelines for appropriate and safe GDD implantation. METHOD: The optimal positioning of five different GDD were evaluated using necropsy eyes of varying axial lengths. The dependent variable that was measured was the maximum distance that a GDD could be placed posterior to the limbus while remaining 2 mm away from the optic nerve. RESULTS: The average maximum distance posterior to the limbus of the anterior plate edge ranged between 9.0-15.0 mm in the superotemporal quadrant for the GDD tested. The distances for superonasal, inferonasal, and inferotemporal quadrants ranged between 8.0-14.0 mm, 9.0-14.0 mm, and 11.0-17.0 mm, respectively. The Molteno device could be placed most posteriorly while remaining 2 mm away from the nerve. The Ahmed FP7 and S2 were the least amenable to posterior placement before encroaching on the 2 mm limit. CONCLUSION: The maximum distance that a GDD can be placed posterior to the limbus, before encroachment around the optic nerve, varies between different devices and quadrants of placement. Taking a measurement of the exact distance of the plate from the limbus during GDD surgery is recommended.
Eye↗
Autosoliton propagation and mapping problem in optical fiber lines with lumped nonlinear devices.
A theoretical model is developed to describe the propagation of ultrashort optical pulses in fiber transmission systems in the quasilinear regime, with periodically inserted in-line nonlinear optical devices.
Journal Article↗
A motor-driven ventricular assist device controlled with an optical encoder system.
An electric motor-driven ventricular assist device has been developed for long-term use inside the body. The system is composed of a pusher-plate-type blood pump and an actuator consisting of an electrical motor and a ball screw. Cyclic change of the direction of motor rotation makes a back-and-forth axial movement of the ball screw shaft. The shaft, which is detached from the pump diaphragm, pushes the diaphragm via a pusher plate to eject blood during systole; blood is sucked by the diaphragm resilience during diastole. Using the output signals from a newly designed, incremental-type, miniature optical rotary encoder mounted inside the actuator, the input voltage of the motor is optimally controlled referring to the phase difference between the current position of the moving rotor and the electrical reference signal of the rotation generated by a microprocessor-based controller. In vitro performance tests indicated that the system fulfills required specifications. The maximum efficiency was 11%, which was about twice as high as that obtained with the previous open-loop prototype system. In the air, the surface temperature of the actuator elevated to 20 degrees C above the room temperature. An acute in vivo test showed its feasibility as a left ventricular assist device. Analysis of the energy loss in each component of the system indicated that redesign and precise assembly of the mechanical parts could increase the system efficiency.
Algorithms↗
[Influence of sun radiation on optical properties of liquid crystal display device].
Sunlight affects mainly the light stability and life of liquid crystal display device, which will lead to rapid aging of the device. By measuring the optical properties of liquid crystal display devices radiated with different time by spectrophotometer, the influences of long time sunlight radiation on the optical properties of the device were studied, and the changes of its optical properties were analyzed. The results indicate that structural and optical properties of liquid crystal slices of calculator LCD (B group) and telephone LCD (C group) are similar and the qualities are relatively good, while the aging problem of personal computer LCD (A group) liquid crystal slice is more serious than those of B and C groups, moreover, the qualities of liquid crystal slices in A group are worse. The structural and optical properties of liquid crystal display device will change accordingly after long time sunlight radiation. The surface of liquid crystal display device will become yellow and nigrescent, and the spectrum transmission properties will decline markedly, which is related to liquid crystal materials and manufacturing techniques.
English Abstract↗
[Investigation on optical limiting performance in solution of cobalt porphyrin].
The nonlinear optical effects of cobalt porphyrin have been investigated with three CW laser lines of 457.9, 488 and 514.5 nm, respectively. Three curves with peak followed by valley using the single beam z-scan technique were obtained. According to M Sheik-bahae's theory the sample has a negative nonlinear refractive index, that is, there is a thermal self-defocusing effect. Three curves of transmittance show a decrease with the increase in the incident laser power, which means that the sample has reverse saturated absorption property under the three laser wavelengths. It's well known that both thermal self-defocusing effect and reverse saturated absorption can lead to optical limiting. It was found that cobalt porphyrin has the optical limiting effect under those wavelengths, and that the critical value of optical limiting decreases with the decrease in laser wavelength. Furthermore, the effect of optical limiting is very good and the critical value is very low, so it's a new optical limiting material with a great potential application value. For that, it is possible to use the co-operation of both effects from cobalt porphyrin to produce a new kind of optical limiting device.
Absorption↗
All-optical 1 x N switching device by use of the phase modulation of spatial solitons.
We proposed a new all-optical switching device by using the phase modulation of spatial solitons. The proposed structure is composed of an asymmetric nonlinear Mach-Zehnder interferometer (NMZI) with different lengths for the two arms, the uniform nonlinear medium, and the nonlinear output waveguides. The asymmetric NMZI functions like a phase shifter. The all-optical switching scheme employs angular deflection of spatial solitons controlled by phase modulation created in the asymmetric NMZI. By properly launching the input power and varying the lengths of the delay branch and the uniform nonlinear medium, it is possible for this device to be generalized to a 1 x N all-optical switching device.
Journal Article↗
[Device for aligning the optical center finder of an x-ray diagnostic apparatus].
The device of unique design (patent N 591691) incorporating a frame with a radiopaque wire spiral is described. With the device, the deviation of X-ray applicator's central beam can be detected from moire patterns on the X-ray film. By knowing the deviation from the centre required corrections for the direction of the central beam can be carried out by means of adjusting screws in the central mount. The device allows fast and highly accurate detection of the central beam deviation for the X-ray applicator. It features simple design, easy-of-use, and reliable operation.
Radiography↗
Voltage-controllable wavelength-selective optical switching based on multiply cascaded long-period fiber gratings.
A novel wavelength-selective optical switching device based on multiply cascaded long-period fiber gratings is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The on and off states of each channel in the optical switching device can be effectively switched by voltage-controllable coil heaters. The device has advantages of multichannel operation, multiwavelength selectivity, and bandwidth controllability. It can be useful for applications in multiwavelength operational signal gating, optical switching devices, routers, and multiplexers in optical communication systems.
Journal Article↗
New medical device perspectives from integrated optics and fibre optics.
Integrated optics technology has a great potential for medical device applications. This article explains the technology and how it can be used with particular reference to in vitro diagnostics and endoscopy.
Biosensing Techniques↗
Brain tissue pO2 related to SjvO2, ICP, and CPP in severe brain injury.
The aim of this report is to present first experience in comparing the course of brain tissue oxygen pressure values (PtiO2) to changes in jugular vein oxygen saturation (SjvO2), intracranial pressure (ICP), and cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) after severe brain injury. PtiO2 monitoring was done using a polarographic Clark type microcatheter (LICOX pO2 probe) (GMS, Kiel, Germany) with a diameter of 0.5 mm and a sensitive area 7.9 mm long inserted in a right frontal position. The microcatheter was connected to a LICOX pO2 device. A fiber-optic catheter was used to measure SjvO2 and placed into the right internal jugular vein. The ICP monitoring was performed with a fiber-optic intraparenchymal device (Camino Laboratories, San Diego, Calif.) inserted in a left frontal position. Consistent correlations could be noticed between reduced PtiO2 and higher ICP and lower CPP levels. However, the absolute value of a single SjvO2 data point seemed to be less relevant diagnostically than its trend over a period of time. Owing to their experience, the authors suppose that PtiO2 monitoring will be a very important and reliable tool in the treatment of brain injury in the future, especially in its correlation to ICP and CPP.
Adolescent↗
Development of a microfluidic platform with an optical imaging microarray capable of attomolar target DNA detection.
In this paper, DNA hybridization in a microfluidic manifold is performed using fluorescence detection on a fiber-optic microarray. The microfluidic device integrates optics, sample transport, and fluidic interconnects on a single platform. A high-density optical imaging fiber array containing oligonucleotide-labeled microspheres was developed. DNA hybridization was observed at concentrations as low as 10 aM with response times of less than 15 min at a flow rate of 1 microL/min using 50 microL of target DNA samples. The fast response times coupled with the low sample volumes and the use of a high-density, fiber-optic microarray format make this method highly advantageous. This paper describes the initial development, optimization, and integration of the microfluidic platform with imaging fiber arrays.
Bacillus thuringiensis↗