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At least 523 records · Page 29Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

Is the increase in notifications of Chlamydia trachomatis infections in Sweden the result of changes in prevalence, sampling frequency or diagnostic methods?

Based on clinical and laboratory surveillance data, trends in the incidence rates of genital Chlamydia trachomatis infections in Sweden between 1991 and 1999 were analysed according to age group and sex. The influence of changes in laboratory methods on the reported infections was assessed. After a decrease in the incidence rate of infection of 36% between 1991 and 1994, followed by a period of stability, a 20% increase was observed between 1997 and 1999 (from 157 to 189/100,000). Between 1991 and 1999 the female:male ratio decreased from 1.7 to 1.4. Incidence rates started to increase in 1994 in the 15-19 y age group for both sexes. Crude Chlamydia positivity increased from 4.1% (352,050 people tested) in 1994 to 5.4% (305,946 people tested) in 1999. This increase in Chlamydia positivity was seen both in laboratories that had changed to more sensitive methods and in those that had not. Changes in laboratory methods can therefore only partially explain the increase in notified cases. Increased screening of men may have contributed to the increase, but rising incidence rates in all young age groups of both sexes suggest a true increase in prevalence.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Gender inequalities in tuberculosis: aspects of infection, notification rates, and compliance.

Tuberculosis (TB) kills approximately 1 million women per year and it is estimated that almost 1 billion women and girls are infected with TB worldwide. Gender aspects of TB have been neglected in the research, and little attention is given to gender in TB-control programs. This review brings together the most important publications on gender and TB during 1999 and 2000 and illuminates areas where gender has an impact on the disease and its control. Even though only a limited number of publications on gender aspects of TB are available, some interesting findings were presented during the past year. Studies from Vietnam have shown that women with pulmonary TB are diagnosed on average 2 weeks later than men because of delays from the health care provider. In a study of persons with cough it was found that men were given sputum examinations more often than women. These and other findings are discussed in relation to the hypothesis that women with TB are under-notified.

Disease Notification↗
PubMed2005

Ecological correlation among prevalence of asthma symptoms, rhinoconjunctivitis and atopic eczema with notifications of tuberculosis and measles in the Brazilian population.

This study aims to assess the relationship among incidence of tuberculosis and measles, in the general population, within the year of birth and the prevalence of asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis and atopic eczema in teenagers from different Brazilian cities enrolled in the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) phases I and III. Positive answers to the questions: 'Have you had wheezing or whistling in the chest in the past 12 months?', 'In the past 12 months, has this nose problem been accompanied by itchy-watery eyes?' and 'Has this itchy rash at any time affected any of the following places: the folds of the elbows, behind the knees, in front of the ankles, under the buttocks, or around the neck, ears or eyes?' identified the teenagers with asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis, and atopic eczema, respectively. The incidence of tuberculosis and measles, in the general population, observed in the year of birth of the enrolled teenagers (1981/82 and 1988/89) were obtained from governmental agencies: National Foundation of Health (FUNASA) and Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). They were compared with the prevalence of asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis and atopic eczema reported in both ISAAC phases I and III. Although we observed reduction of the incidence of tuberculosis and measles in the general population in all cities, the prevalence of asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis and atopic eczema remained stable in most of the centers. In Pernambuco and Paraná, there has been a significant increase in the prevalence of rhinoconjunctivitis. These data do not corroborate the findings of an inverse relationship between the prevalence of atopic diseases and the decreasing incidence of tuberculosis and measles.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Questionnaire analysis of BSE cases in France detected by active surveillance and the reasons for non-notification.

A mandatory reporting system (MRS) was set up in France in December 1990 to detect animals showing clinical signs of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE). Since June 2000, four active surveillance programmes dedicated to fallen stock and slaughtered cattle have been implemented to reinforce the MRS. The clinical status of the cases detected through these programmes was investigated to understand why the MRS had failed to detect them. Up to September 1, 2002, 181 cases had been analysed (126 fallen stock and 55 slaughtered cattle). Almost all the fallen stock cases were animals which had been showing clinical signs, and two thirds of them had shown signs which should have led to a suspicion of BSE. No clinical signs had been reported for two thirds of the slaughtered cattle cases and 10 (8 per cent) of the fallen stock cases.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Confidentiality. 13: The notification of infectious diseases.

Jenny Rose was a paediatric community nurse who regularly visited a child with a chronic lung condition who was being nursed at home. On one visit she noticed that the child's mother, Jane, appeared to be very pale and thin and was told that the mother had a severe gastric disorder with diarrhoea. From the description of the illness, Jenny thought that Jane might be suffering from typhoid. Jane worked as a cook in a restaurant, was unwilling to seek medical advice and intended going to work that night. Jenny was concerned that Jane could have a serious notifiable infectious disease and therefore be a danger to customers in the restaurant. Jane insisted that Jenny should keep the information confidential. Where does Jenny stand?

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Tuberculosis notifications in Australia, 2001.

In 2001, there were 997 cases of tuberculosis (TB) reported to the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System, of which, 967 were new cases of TB and 30 cases were relapses. The incidence rate of TB in Australia in 2001 was 5.1 cases per 100,000 population. The highest incidence of TB was reported in people born overseas (19.3 cases per 100,000 population), followed by Indigenous Australians (9.8 cases per 100,000 population). In contrast, the incidence rate of TB in the non-Indigenous Australian-born population was 1.0 cases per 100,000 population. This pattern of TB incidence rates amongst the sub-populations of Australia has been observed for over 10 years. Eighty-six per cent of TB cases completed treatment in 2001. Treatment was unsuccessful in 7 cases and only 22 cases defaulted. The National Tuberculosis Advisory Committee has published a National Strategic Plan with performance indicators to ensure that this enviable record of TB control is maintained and improved.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Tuberculosis notifications in Australia, 2002.

In 2002, there were 1,028 cases of tuberculosis (TB) reported to the National Notifiable Disease Surveillance System, of which 997 were new cases, 30 were relapses and 1 unknown. The incidence rate of TB in Australia in 2002 was 5.2 cases per 100,000 population. The highest incidence of TB was reported in people born overseas (20.2 cases per 100,000 population), followed by Indigenous Australians (8.5 cases per 100,000 population). By contrast, the incidence rate of TB in the nonIndigenous Australian-born population was 1.1 cases per 100,000 population. This pattern of TB incidence rates amongst the sub-populations of Australia has been observed for over 10 years. The rates were evaluated against the performance indicators set by the National Tuberculosis Advisory Committee to ensure that Australia's record of TB control is maintained and improved.

Adolescent↗