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PubMed1982

[Internal migration and mental disorders: new evidence for an old hypothesis].

The relationships between migration and mental illness have been perhaps the most important research topic of Social Psychiatry. Studies on this issue conducted in Latin America have in general reached the conclusion that migration, and the experience of modernization related to it, is a major risk factor of emotional disturbance. This hypothesis was tested with data from a survey based on a representative sample of 1549 adults living in a low-income neighborhood in Bahia, Brazil. The survey employed the QMPA, a 43-item symptom scale which was developed and tested especially for studies in that sociocultural setting; it showed high sensitivity (.93) and specificity (.72) and adequate overall misclassification rate (.12). Seven trained interviewers applied a family questionnaire (20 items on demographic and socioeconomic information) and the QMPA to all the families (493) in the sample. Multiple classification analysis and covariance analysis were used to control for the effect of potential confounding factors. Crude analyses showed a statistically significant association between migration status and poor mental health. However, taking into account the combined effect of age, marital status and education as confounders resulted in non-significant levels for the association under study. Sex and economic position, despite being themselves related to emotional disturbances, did not appear as confounders or interaction terms in these analyses. The results on rural-urban origin did not provide any evidence in support to the modernization hypothesis.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1996

Internal migration in China, 1950-1988.

This paper examines the long-term patterns of migration within China between 1950 and 1988. The analysis uses data from China's 1988 2/1,000 Fertility and Birth Control Survey, which asks respondents about their most recent interprovincial move. The results suggest that long-term migration patterns can be explained by political and economic changes in China. We argue that the approaches we introduce can offer significant insight into long-term migration patterns for countries where historical data on migration are unavailable or unreliable.

China↗
PubMed1986

Effect of cytochalasin B, nocodazole and irradiation on migration and internalization of cells and microspheres in tumor cell spheroids.

The effect of cytochalasin B (CB), nocodazole, and irradiation on the adherence and internalization of 3H-labeled EMT6 spheroid-derived single cells and inert microspheres in unlabeled, intact EMT6 multicellular spheroids has been examined. CB inhibited adhesion and internal migration, whereas nocodazole did not stop adhesion but did prevent later internalization. Treatment of labeled cells with 5, 15 and 25 Gy 250 kV X-rays before adherence did not effect their adherence or later internalization. The same radiation treatments administered to the spheroids either immediately before or after the introduction of unirradiated single cells did not affect adherence, but the depths reached by labeled cells and microspheres were reduced largely because of the consequent reduction in spheroid growth. Microsphere size (9, 15, or 25 microns) and surface charge (negative, or non-ionic) had minimal, if any, effect on the adherence and internalization of these particles.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Migration into, out of, and within Austria-Hungary in 1910].

"The article deals with the history and the geography of migration in the Hapsburg Empire in the year 1910. It describes the size, the spatial diffusion, and the demographic and social structure of different types of migration: internal migration, emigration, and immigration." (SUMMARY IN ENG)

Austria↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ethical concerns in nurse migration.

International nurse migration is natural and to be expected. Recently, however, those who have fostered nurse migration believe that it will solve nursing shortages in developed countries and offer nurse migrants better working conditions and an improved quality of life. Whether natural or manipulated, migration flow patterns largely occur from developing to developed countries. In this article, nurse migration is examined using primary health care (PHC) as an ethical framework. The unmanaged flow of nurse migrants from developing to developed countries is inconsistent with "health for all" principles. Removing key health personnel from countries experiencing resource shortages is contrary to PHC equity. Often, nurse migrants are placed in vulnerable, inequitable work roles, and employing nurse migrants fails to address basic causes of nurse shortages in developed countries, such as dissatisfaction with work conditions and decreased funding for academic settings. Nurse migration policies and procedures can be developed to satisfy PHC ethics criteria if they (1) leave developing countries enhanced rather than depleted, (2) contribute to country health outcomes consistent with essential care for all people, (3) are based on community participation, (4) address common nursing labor issues, and (5) involve equitable and clear financial arrangements.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1987

[An Egyptian national survey on international labor migration (1974-1985)].

International labor migration from Europe is analyzed based on data from the Egyptian Emigration Survey of 1985. "In all, roughly 2 million Egyptians emigrated, as workers or their dependents, between 1974 and 1985, and 1.5 million were abroad at the time of the survey....Emigrants tend to be unaccompanied males (average age 32 years), probably because of tight controls on dependents and difficult living conditions in the receiving countries. The majority are nevertheless married....Both workers and their dependents are increasingly well educated. Destinations have changed over the decade: Libya and Jordan have declined in importance, following political and economic upheavals respectively, while Kuwait and Saudi Arabia are now taking larger numbers of Egyptian workers. Emigration to Iraq seems to be more modest than sometimes reckoned (500,000), and almost entirely made up of single males." The impact of emigration on Egypt is also considered. (SUMMARY IN ENG AND SPA)

Africa↗
PubMed1997

Mexico-United States labor migration flows.

"International migration from Mexico to the United Sates is viewed very differently depending on from which side of the border this phenomenon is observed and evaluated....[It is] imperative to begin a process of ¿demythifying' migration as a necessary and sufficient condition that would allow both countries to come together within the context of bilateral relations and find ways to act jointly to address the impacts of the issue. Such a demythifying effort must begin with scientific research which can help develop a diagnosis of the costs and benefits that labor migration from Mexico to the United States brings to the two countries."

Americas↗
PubMed1995

International labor migration through multinational enterprises.

"This research studies international migration of company transferees. The main purposes are to address how their individual characteristics have influences on their overseas assignment and what kinds of migration patterns are created by the multinational business enterprises. U.S. firms in Taiwan are the primary study focus. By using both quantitative and qualitative data, the results show that although an overseas appointment is mainly based on individual competence, nationality, ethnicity and gender also play crucial roles. And multinationals are important channels for sustainable, return and circular migration."

Americas↗