Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Menstruation Disorders”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 523 records · Page 29Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Effect of prior pregnancy and combined oral contraceptives on baseline menstrual blood loss and bleeding response to intrauterine devices.

No effect of pregnancy was found on baseline menstrual blood loss (MBL) in women within one year of parturition or abortion. The increased bleeding response of women to intrauterine devices (IUDs) was found to be independent of pregnancy status during the year preceding IUD sertion. Women pregnant within a year of insertion had no different MBL than those pregnant more than a year prior to insertion. MBL quantified in subjects within three months of discontinuing combined oral contraceptives (OCs) was significantly lower than in prior non-OC users. Furthermore, MBL was significantly reduced in the former group during the first three menses following IUD insertion. At the sixth and twelfth menses post-insertion, MBL was still lower in prior OC users, but the difference between users and non-users was less and no longer statistically significant.

Contraceptive Devices, Female↗
PubMed1979

A comparative study of the effect of the Progestasert TM and Gravigard IUDs on dysmenorrhoea.

Data obtained from questionnaires on the occurrence of dysmenorrhoea in women using IUDs inserted randomly (146 of them Progestasert and 149 Copper 7) are analyzed. In both groups a reduction in the intensity of menstrual cramps was observed over 12 months of use. Although these reductions are significant in each group, they are slightly higher in Progestasert users. However, on comparing the reduction tendencies of both groups, the difference between them is not significant. No significant differences become apparent either when comparing premenstrual and intermenstrual camps. The usefulness of simple questionnaires directed at detecting the nature of pain in currently used family planning forms for IUD users is discussed.

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMed1979

Intravaginal contraception with the synthetic progestin, R2010.

Four women used polysiloxane vaginal rings of core design containing 50 mg of norgestrienone (17 alpha-ethynyl-17 beta-hydroxy-estra-4,9,11,trien-3-one). The treatment was given in three-week cycles, leaving one treatment-free week between the cycles. The patterns of bleeding were registered and plasma norgestrienone (R2010), estradiol, progesterone, and gonadotropins were determined. Altogether twelve cycles were studied. The patterns of bleeding were unsatisfactory; only one subject had regular bleedings, and two of these were preceded by a luteal phase. The mean plasma concentration of norgestrienone (R2010) produced by the rings was 0.9 ng/ml. Ovulation was observed in 25% of cycles studied. Some follicular activity was present in every subject as judged by estradiol peaks. Excluding LH peaks in subjects who ovulated, mild pituitary suppression was achieved by this treatment. The only side-effect complained of was acne in one subject. The ring was regarded as easy to use.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

First year clinical experience with six levonorgestrel rods as subdermal contraception.

Previous clinical experience with six levonorgestrel subdermal capsules showed a very good contraceptive effectiveness and continuation rate, but with a high proportion of bleeding disturbances, particularly of increased bleeding. It was hypothesized that bleeding could be reduced by higher plasma levels of the steroid, using subdermal rods instead of capsules, as rods have been shown to have a release rate 3 or 4 times that of the capsules. Fifty volunteers were enrolled in a study of the clinical performance of 6 subdermal levonorgestrel rods. Results were compared with a previous experience with 100 volunteers who wore 6 levonorgestrel capsules for a year in the same clinic. Requirement for volunteers to enter the study were the same for capsules and rods. The proportion of women wearing 6 subdermal rods who had increased bleeding was about one half as for the women using 6 levonorgestrel capsules. On the other hand, women using rods had about twice the incidence of amenhorrea, and about four times more hypomenorrhea (4 days or less of bleeding in a 90-day period). There were no pregnancies among the rod users and the discontinuation rate for medical reasons was not higher than for capsule users in the same clinic.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

A randomized, single blind comparative trial of norethindrone enanthate and depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate in Bangladesh.

A randomized, single blind comparative trial of norethindrone enanthate (NET-ENT) and depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) was conducted in the Model Clinic, Decca, Bangladesh, to determine if there were differences in reported side effects, reasons for discontinuation and discontinuation rates of these two injectables. On all follow-up visits the proportion of women reporting no bleeding (amenorrhea) was higher for the DMPA clients compared to the NET-ENT clients. Concurrent with these findings, the proportion of women reporting irregular bleeding was consistently higher for the NET-ENT clients. Concurrent with these findings, the proportion of women reporting irregular bleeding was consistently higher for the NET-ENT clients compared to those receiving DMPA. By the fourth injection, less than 15% of the clients in both drug groups still reported having regular cyclic bleeding (4 of the 26 DMPA clients and 4 of the 28 NET-ENT clients). Five of the 133 women on DMPA and 6 of the 106 women on NET-ENT became pregnant while using the injectables. At the end of one year of follow-up, 14 of the 133 DMPA and 14 of the 106 NET-ENT clients were still continuing (came back for a fifth injection).

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Clinical and endocrinologic study of continuous levonorgestrel administration from subcutaneous solid polydimethylsiloxane rods.

Three solid polydimethylsiloxane (Silastic) rods containing levonorgestrel were inserted into the subcutaneous tissue of the volar aspect of the forearm of 8 women. Serum samples were drawn three times a week for 2 months and weekly thereafter for 2 years in 3 of the subjects. The other subjects had serum drawn during the twelfth and last treatment months. Levonorgestrel, estradiol and progesterone were measured in all samples. The subject kept a bleeding record. In comparison to an earlier clinical trial in which 6 hollow capsules of Silastic filled with levonorgestrel were used, the 3 solid levonorgestrel-containing rods provided higher serum levels of levonorgestrel, fewer serum estradiol peaks, only a single episode of ovulation and better bleeding performance.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

A multicenter study of levonorgestrel-estradiol contraceptive vaginal rings. II-Subjective and objective measures of effects. An international comparative trial.

Comparative clinical trials of 2 sizes of contraceptive vaginal rings and of an oral contraceptive were undertaken at 8 investigational sites (9 clinics). More than 500 women enrolled on each of the 3 study regimens. Side effects of the rings and of Nordette, the oral contraceptive, were evaluated by noting spontaneous complaints, by recording medications taken and by physical examination. Inquiries about changes in the frequency of specific conditions were made at the end of the subjects participation in the first year of the study. The incidence of spontaneous complaints was similar among users of the 2 different-sized rings and of the pill.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Norethisterone enanthate as an injectable contraceptive in puerperal and non-puerperal women.

Norethisterone enanthate (NET-EN) was intramuscularly administered to 5 puerperal women and 20 non-puerperal women for a total of 366 months. Contraceptive effectiveness and side effects of the drug were evaluated. Basal levels of LH, FSH, prolactin (PRL), estradiol 17 beta (E2) and progesterone (P) were measured in blood samples collected from 5 non-puerperal women, while LH, FSH, PRL and norethisterone (NET) plasma levels were evaluated in puerperal women. NET was also assayed in plasma from breast-fed newborns. No woman became pregnant. Side effects consisted of only menstrual abnormalities. Ovulation (P plasma levels higher than 2000 pg/ml) was achieved in 3 patients during the first month of NET-EN treatment but luteal function appeared to be insufficient. In puerperal women, NET plasma levels showed a course similar to the one observed outside puerperium. Lactation was not inhibited, and NET transfer to newborn through milk was negligible, since NET was undetectable in newborn plasma when maximal levels were measured in the mother. It was concluded that NET-EN is an effective contraceptive drug, deprived of major side effects, and particularly useful in women affected by metabolic diseases or during puerperium.

Chorionic Gonadotropin↗
PubMed1982

The Prentif contraceptive cervical cap: a contemporary study of its clinical safety and effectiveness.

Because they seemed to be an overlooked, underutilized, and underdeveloped means of contraception, cervical caps were offered to patients in a private gynecological practice and the first 413 acceptors were sent a detailed questionnaire about their experiences. The 371 who responded provided generous amounts of information helpful in assessing not only cap safety and effectiveness, which are dealt with herein, but also in assessing acceptability which is dealt with in the companion article that follows. With regard to safety considerations, "cervical erosion" was not found to contraindicate cap use and no other significant safety hazards were encountered, although two concerns were suggested for further evaluation. The failure rate was 8.4 per 100 women per year by the life table method. Of 25 failures, 11 were labeled method failures and 14 were labeled human failures by the respondents themselves. The role of cap dislodgement as a cause of method failures is analyzed. It is concluded that caps are as safe and effective as diaphragms and that for many women they are the most suitable form of contraception available. It is reasonable to expect that they will soon be able to be approved for general use.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

A five-year clinical trial of levonorgestrel silastic implants (Norplant TM).

Silastic implants containing the progestin, levonorgestrel, were tested as a long-term contraceptive system in 101 women. During five full years of use, no pregnancies occurred. The 5-year continuation rate was 54%. Menstrual irregularities were the most frequent reason for termination of use but only during the first year. More than half of the terminations for this reason were in the first year. Some of the subjects elected to continue use of the implants beyond 5 years, allowing release rate data to be obtained through 6 years. From the second through the sixth year of use, the implants delivered a constant 30 micrograms per day of levonorgestrel to the subjects, and even after six years 57% of the original steroid content remained in the capsules. Return of fertility following removal was essentially immediate and not related to time of use. Medical reasons for removal were infrequent and no pattern was discernible.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

A clinical trial of norethisterone oenanthate (Norigest) injected every two months.

A clinical trial was carried out in which Norigest (200 mg norethisterone oenanthate) was administered by intramuscular injection every 56 days into 383 women studied for 5,521 woman-months of use. No pregnancies occurred. Continuation rates at the end of one, two and three years were 76.6%, 63.7% and 33.8%. Only minor side-effects were recorded. After one year of use, 20.1% women had gained more than 2 kg in weight and 14.8% had lost more than 2 kg. There was marked disruption of the menstrual pattern and irregular bleeding was the major cause of discontinuation. In 38% of the injection intervals analysed, women were amenorrhoeic. Norigest proved an effective and acceptable method of fertility control.

Amenorrhea↗
PubMed1982

Development and evaluation of an inhibitor-releasing matrix for intrauterine devices.

Antifibrinolytic agents when released into the uterine cavity decrease menorrhagia associated with IUD use. Our objective was to develop a matrix that could be incorporated onto an IUD and release anti-fibrinolytic agents. The copolymer ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) was selected for detailed study because it has the advantage over other materials in that it can release large molecular weight substances for more than 100 days, and allows incorporation of large amounts of anti-fibrinolytic agents with different molecular weights. Two compounds, tranexamic acid (AMCA, MW=157) and Trasylol (Kunitz pancreatic trypsin inhibitor, (MW=6,500) were incorporated into the EVA matrix and their release rates measured. In vitro studies with AMCA showed that after the initial burst, a constant high release rate was obtained over a prolonged period of time. The in utero release rate of AMCA from the EVA matrix in rabbits was similar to that obtained in vitro. By contrast, the release rate of Trasylol decreased to low levels during incubation in vitro. The release rate of Trasylol in utero however, appeared to be higher than that in vitro.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

The zoapatle IV--toxicological and clinical studies.

The zoapatle aqueous crude extract has been used in Mexico for the last 5 centuries for the induction of labor, treatment of post-partum bleeding problems, and as a menses inducer. Today, it is sold in street markets, and its long documented history of use by humans could be taken as indirect evidence of a lack of toxicity. Rigorous pharmacological and clinical studies described here, fully confirm the empirical observations.

Animals↗