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PubMed2005

Survival of intimate partner violence as experienced by women.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: The study set out to describe women's experiences of intimate partner violence, the consequences of such violence, the help they received and women's experiences of their survival. BACKGROUND: Social and health professionals do not have sufficient ability to identify and help families who suffer from intimate partner violence. Methods for identifying and treating partner violence not have been developed adequately. METHOD: The study was conducted in Finland by loosely formulated open-ended interviews with seven battered women. The data were analysed by inductive qualitative content analysis. FINDINGS: Women had past experience of maltreatment and a distressing climate at their parental home. Women experienced both themselves and their spouse as having weak identities; their ideals, patterns of marriage and sexuality were different. Violence occurred in situations of disagreement. Women tried to strike a balance between independence and dependence in the relationship. The different forms of couple violence were interlinked. The women sought help when their health and social relationships got worse. An awareness of the problem, taking action, counselling and social relationships helped them survive. Religiousness was a factor that involved commitment to the couple relationship, made religious demands on women and promoted the recovery of integrity. CONCLUSIONS: Intimate partner violence was associated with the family model, childhood experience of maltreatment, the partners' weak identity and conflicts between individualism and familism. Social and healthcare professionals need competence in early intervention and skills to discuss moral principles, sexuality, and violence in a way that is free of prejudice and condemning attitudes. Spiritual approaches in the context of interventions should be taken into consideration. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: In a clinical context, nurses should be aware of the symptoms of violence, and they should have skills in dealing with intimate moral and spiritual issues.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Fertility in myotonic dystrophy in Saguenay-Lac-St-Jean: a historical perspective.

Myotonic dystrophy (MD) is an autosomal dominant disorder that has a high prevalence in Saguenay-Lac-St-Jean. A case-control study, based on a population register, of 373 MD patients who married in this region between 1855 and 1971 was conducted to determine whether their fertility was affected by the disorder. Six demographic parameters, that is the number of children, the age at marriage, the ages at the time of birth of the first and the last child, the interval between the marriage and the birth of the first child, and the interval between consecutive births, were analyzed. The mean number of children born to MD and control individuals was not different (P > 0.05). However, MD males had more children than MD females although they have started delaying their marriage since 1921. Fertility fell significantly in both the MD and control groups during the period of observation. This change reflects the decline in fertility of French Canadians in general during this period, but mainly after 1940.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Psychological adjustment of Yoruba adolescents as influenced by family type: a research note.

This research examines the influence of family type on the psychological adjustment of Yoruba adolescents. Using a sample of 116 adolescents, 69 males and 47 females, with mean age of 17.8 years of age (S.D. = 1.72), the results reveal that male adolescents from monogamous families experience better psychological adjustment than their polygynous counterparts, whereas no such difference exists in the levels of psychological adjustment of female adolescents from both family types. These findings suggest that (i) sex-role prescription influences psychological adjustment of adolescents in Yoruba societies, and (ii) female children enjoy more protective upbringing in polygynous families than their male counterparts.

Africa↗
PubMed1983

Epidemiological determinants of vesicovaginal fistulas.

Between 1969 and 1980 1443 patients with vesicovaginal fistulas were operated on in Ahmadu Bello University Hospital in Northern Nigeria. They have been studied in relation to their obstetric, social and environmental background. The preventable nature of the lesion was explored particularly with respect to age, parity and obstructed labour, and to traditional practices including 'gishiri cutting', which alone accounts for 13% of all the fistulas. Vesicovaginal fistulas are still a major cause for concern in many developing countries; measures for prevention include universal education and improved status of women in society as well as improved and accessible medical services.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Forecasting Australian marriage rates.

"The paper discusses the problem of modelling demographic variables for the purpose of forecasting. Two empirical model selection procedures are applied to suggest final form forecasting equations for Australian marriage rates. The suggested models are then assessed by comparing their post-sample forecast performance with that of univariate ARMA-type models of marriage rates which are regarded as approximations to marriage rate final equation models. In this instance the ARMA models are preferred for forecasting purposes. The properties of the ARMA model forecasts are then examined and the modelling strategy is contrasted with the regression method used by Withers."

Australia↗
PubMed1982

China's Marriage Law: a model for family responsibilities and relationships.

China's Marriage Law of 1981 is presented with a brief commentary. The law encompasses the responsibilities of spouses, parents, children, grandparents, and siblings to one another. The new law is contrasted with the 1950 Marriage Law, which prohibited such feudal practices of former times as arranged marriages and child betrothals. The 1981 law is concerned with equality and the lawful needs of women, children, and the aged. Family planning is encouraged. Divorce is made easier to obtain. Adoptees and stepchildren are provided for. The law provides a legislative model for personal relationships.

Adoption↗
PubMed1981

Continued follow-up study of 120 persons born after refusal of application for therapeutic abortion.

An investigation material consisting of 120 persons who were born after refusal of an application for therapeutic abortion, with the same number of controls, has previously been followed up by the writers to the age of 21 years. This follow-up study has now been extended to completion of the 35th year. It is found that in social-psychiatric respects the index cases as a group are still somewhat worse situated than the control cases. However, the differences have to a certain extent levelled out and during the later part of the observation period no statistically significant differences can be demonstrated for any single variable.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Sexual partner change and condom use among urban factory workers in northwest Tanzania.

OBJECTIVE: To describe sexual partner change and condom use at the intake of a cohort study of urban factory workers in Tanzania. METHODS: From October 1991 to March 1992, 926 male and 170 female factory workers were interviewed using a structured, pre-coded questionnaire. Questionnaire reliability was assessed by pre-testing and comparison with results of unstructured interviews and carrying out repeat questionnaires on a sub-sample. RESULTS: Almost half of both men and women had had sexual intercourse by their 17th birthday. The period of premarital sex had an interquartile range of 2 to 10 years in men and 0 to 2.5 years in women. Having had sexual intercourse in the past month with more than one partner was reported by 22% of the men and 5% of the women. Factors associated with multiple partners in men were being born in or near Mwanza Region, having low education and low income, and being married. Condoms had been used in the past month by 3% only, mainly with casual partners. Condom use in men was associated with being young, living in town, being born in Kagera Region, high education and high income, being circumcised, and having causal or steady (non- martial) partners. CONCLUSION: Information, education and communication (IEC) on sexual relationships and condom use should start at an early age, and include education at primary schools. Much sexual partner change appears to occur through steady (non-marital) partnerships, indicating the need for IEC to be expanded beyond groups such as commercial sex workers and their clients.

Adolescent↗