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At least 523 records · Page 29Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Optimizing bag-valve-mask ventilation with a new mouth-to-bag resuscitator.

When ventilating an unintubated patient with a self-inflating bag, high peak inspiratory flow rates may result in high peak airway pressure with subsequent stomach inflation; this may occur frequently when rescuers without daily experience in bag-valve-mask ventilation need to perform advanced airway management. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of a newly developed self-inflating bag (mouth-to-bag resuscitator; Ambu, Glostrup, Denmark) that limits peak inspiratory flow. A bench model simulating a patient with an unintubated airway was used, consisting of a face mask, manikin head, training lung (lung compliance, 100 ml/0.098 kPa (100 ml/cm H(2)O)); airway resistance, 0.39 kPa/l per second (4 cm H(2)O/l/s), oesophagus (LESP, 1.96 kPa (20 cm H(2)O)) and simulated stomach. Twenty nurses were randomised to ventilate the manikin for 1 min (respiratory rate: 12 per minute) with either a standard self-inflating bag or the mouth-to-bag resuscitator, which requires the rescuer to blow up a single-use balloon inside the self-inflating bag, which in turns displaces air towards the patient. When supplemental oxygen is added, ventilation with up to 100% oxygen may be obtained, since expired air is only used as the driving gas. The mouth-to-bag resuscitator therefore allows two instead of one hand sealing the mask on the patient's face. The volunteers were blinded to the experimental design of the model until completion of the experimental protocol. The mouth-to-bag resuscitator versus standard self-inflating bag resulted in significantly (P<0.05) higher mean+/-S.D. mask tidal volumes (1048+/-161 vs. 785+/-174 ml) and lung tidal volumes (911+/-148 vs. 678+/-157 ml), longer inspiratory times (1.7+/-0.4 vs. 1.4+/-0.4 s), but significantly lower peak inspiratory flow rates (50+/-9 vs. 62+/-13 l/min) and mask leakage (10+/-4 vs. 15+/-9%); peak inspiratory pressure (17+/-2 vs. 17+/-2 cm H(2)O) and stomach tidal volumes (16+/-30 vs. 18+/-35 ml) were comparable. In conclusion, employing the mouth-to-bag resuscitator during simulated ventilation of an unintubated patient in respiratory arrest significantly decreased inspiratory flow rate and improved lung tidal volumes, while decreasing mask leakage.

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation↗
PubMed1996

Dynamic rearrangement of the outer mouth of a K+ channel during gating.

With prolonged stimulation, voltage-activated K+ channels close by a gating process called inactivation. This inactivation gating can occur by two distinct molecular mechanisms: N-type, in which a tethered particle blocks the intracellular mouth of the pore, and C-type, which involves a closure of the external mouth. The functional motion involved in C-type inactivation was studied by introducing cysteine residues at the outer mouth of Shaker K+ channels through mutagenesis, and by measuring state-dependent changes in accessibility to chemical modification. Modification of three adjacent residues in the outer mouth was 130-10,000-fold faster in the C-type inactivated state than in the closed state. At one position, state-dependent bridging or crosslinking between subunits was also possible. These results give a consistent picture in which C-type inactivation promotes a local rearrangement and constriction of the channel at the outer mouth.

Cell Line↗
PubMed1989

Implications of a quasispecies genome structure: effect of frequent, naturally occurring amino acid substitutions on the antigenicity of foot-and-mouth disease virus.

We provide evidence that the quasispecies nature (extreme genetic heterogeneity) of foot-and-mouth disease virus is relevant to the virus evading an immune response. A monoclonal antibody neutralizing the viral infectivity (clone SD6) recognizes an epitope located around a highly conserved sequence (amino acid sequence Arg-Gly-Asp-Leu-Ala at positions 141-145) in the capsid protein VP1 of foot-and-mouth disease virus of serotype C1. The amino acid substitutions Ala-138----Thr and Leu-147----Ile (or ----Val) reduced 100-fold the binding titer of monoclonal antibody SD6 to virions or to VP1. The effect of those substitutions was quantitatively reproduced with synthetic peptides representing the relevant sequences. This provides evidence that the two chemically conservative amino acids replacements--and not other substitutions present in the virus quasispecies--are responsible for the modified interaction with neutralizing monoclonal antibody SD6. The three substitutions were fixed in the viral capsid during one occurrence of foot-and-mouth disease and, furthermore, they are of a type found frequently among independent foot-and-mouth disease virus isolates. The results implicate the extreme heterogeneity of foot-and-mouth disease virus as an important element of viral pathogenesis.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2002

Effect of arthrocentesis on TMJ disturbance of mouth closure with loud clicking: a preliminary study.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the short-term effect of arthrocentesis on temporomandibular joint disturbance of mouth closure with loud clicking compared to the effect of one-time pumping into the joint space previous to arthrography. Twenty-one consecutive patients (22 joints) with loud clicking during mouth closure were enrolled. All were unable to smoothly close the mouth without effort. Eleven patients (12 joints) were examined using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to determine disk position. They then underwent arthrocentesis. Ten patients (10 joints) underwent arthrography alone as controls. Six months later, changes in clicking and temporomandibular joint movement were analyzed and the disk position was re-examined. There was improvement of mouth closing and clicking occurred in nine joints from the arthrocentesis group and two joints from the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups. Arthrocentesis may be indicated for patients with temporomandibular joint dysfunction and loud clicking when mouth closing.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Depressive symptoms as an underlying factor of the sensation of dry mouth.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this survey was to study the sensation of oral dryness and its underlying factors in the 55-year-old population of Oulu (a medium-sized Finnish town), 780 of whom (77%) participated. METHOD: In addition to the examination of oral health status and salivary flow rate measurements, depressive symptoms were determined on the basis of the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (ZSDS). The participants were also interviewed about their health, medication, physical health, physical activity, smoking habits, alcohol consumption, and factors related to their work. RESULTS: The prevalence of subjective sensations of dry mouth was 25.8% among men and 33.3% among women (p = 0.025). A statistically significant association was found between a subjective sensation of dry mouth and a low unstimulated flow rate, regular smoking, xerogenic medication, and the presence of at least one illness connected with dry mouth. Those who had a sensation of dry mouth also thought their physical condition and their health to be poorer and more often had a high rate of depressive symptoms. After the confounding factors had been added stepwise into the logistic regression model, depressive symptoms were still significantly associated with the sensation of oral dryness. CONCLUSIONS: When evaluating the causes of the sensation of dry mouth, the possibility of depression as an underlying factor should be considered.

Chi-Square Distribution↗
PubMed2004

Successful Treatment of Dry Mouth and Dry Eye Symptoms in Sjögren's Syndrome Patients With Oral Pilocarpine: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Dose-Adjustment Study.

BACKGROUND: : Sjögren's syndrome is characterized by the presence of xerostomia and/or xerophthalmia. Pilocarpine, a muscarinic cholinergic agonist, has been proven to be efficacious in treating radiation-induced xerostomia (up to 30 mg/day) and symptoms of dry mouth in Sjögren's patients (up to 20 mg/day). OBJECTIVE: : To compare the safety and efficacy of oral pilocarpine (dose-adjusted) versus placebo in the treatment of dry eye and dry mouth symptoms in Sjögren's syndrome at 6 and 12 weeks. METHODS: : In this 11-center, 256-patient placebo-controlled study, the safety and efficacy of oral pilocarpine (20 mg to 30 mg daily) for relief of Sjögren's-related dry mouth and dry eye symptoms was assessed. Changes in symptoms and salivary flow were measured over 12 weeks. RESULTS: : Compared with placebo, salivary flow was significantly increased in the pilocarpine group (P</= 0.0001) after the first dose and throughout the study. Significant improvement in patients' global assessment of dry mouth (P</= 0.0001) with relief in 5 of 7 separate oral symptoms (P</= 0.02) was reported by the treated patients throughout study. Minimal differences in 3 of 8 ocular symptoms were noted at 6 weeks (5-mg dose), but at 12 weeks (5- to 7.5-mg dose), the pilocarpine group demonstrated both significant improvement in global assessment of dry eyes (P</= 0.0001) and relief in 6 of 8 related symptoms (P</= 0.04). The drug was well tolerated at both doses. The most common pilocarpine-related side effects were sweating, urinary frequency, flushing, and chills. CONCLUSIONS: : Significant relief in dry mouth symptoms was noted at 20 mg/day, and significant relief in ocular symptoms, including lower artificial tear requirement, was noted after the dose was increased to 30 mg/day.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2006

A double-blind randomized dose-response study comparing daily doses of 5, 10 and 15 mg controlled-release oxybutynin: balancing efficacy with severity of dry mouth.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy, incidence of dry mouth and overall satisfaction with initial doses of 5, 10 and 15 mg of a new, once-daily, controlled-release (CR) form of oxybutynin for treating urge urinary incontinence (UUI). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients who reported urinary incontinence (UI) (one or more episodes/diary) and voiding frequency (eight or more voids/day) or urgency (one or more episodes/diary) during a 2-week baseline were randomized to once-daily 5, 10 or 15 mg CR oxybutynin for 4 weeks. Daily episodes of UI, voids, urgency, adverse events, dry mouth and satisfaction were recorded in a 3-day diary at baseline and after 4 weeks of treatment. In all, 237 patients were randomized and evaluated. RESULTS: Episodes of UI, voids and urgency were significantly reduced over the study period at all doses. Daily UI episodes were significantly lower with 15 mg/day than 5 and 10 mg/day. Dry mouth symptoms were similar in the 10 and 15 mg/day groups, and higher than in the 5 mg/day group. However, significantly greater overall satisfaction was reported with 15 than 5 mg/day. CONCLUSIONS: There were significant dose-response relationships with CR oxybutynin for both UI episodes and dry mouth. The greatest satisfaction was with 15 mg/day, and the severity of dry mouth was comparable at 10 mg/day, indicating that greater efficacy at the higher dose did not compromise tolerability.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Efficiency of split-mouth designs.

The purpose of this paper is (1) to investigate the similarity of the amount, distribution, and severity of periodontal disease of the within-patient experimental units, (2) to estimate the relative efficiencies of split-mouth designs when compared to whole-mouth designs, and (3) to discuss how stratification on initial pocket depth can result in large differences in the power of the test-statistics in the different disease categories. Periodontal disease characteristics are not always homogeneously distributed over the within-patient experimental units and this heterogeneity can reduce the efficiency of split-mouth designs. In particular, if analyses are stratified on initial pocket depth, sites with an initial probing depth deeper than 6 mm may be small in number and asymmetrically distributed when compared to sites with an initial probing depth less than 6 mm. This may result in large differences of the power of the test statistics among the different disease categories and should lead to a careful interpretation of the statistical significance tests. When disease characteristics are symmetrically distributed over the within-patient experimental units and a sufficient number of sites is present per experimental unit, the split-mouth design can provide moderate to large gains in relative efficiency. In the absence of a symmetric disease distribution, whole-mouth clinical trials may be preferable.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Split-mouth and cross-over designs in dental research.

The presence of paired or multiple organs (arches, quadrants, teeth) and the chronic nature of many dental diseases suggest the use of split-mouth (trials in which each subject receives greater than or equal to 2 treatments, each to a separate section of the mouth) and cross-over research designs (trials in which each subject receives greater than or equal to 2 treatments in sequence). While these designs offer potential savings in resources, their usefulness can be negated if several strict scientific and statistical assumptions are not met. The primary prerequisites for the use of split-mouth and cross-over designs are that: (1) the disease to be investigated is relatively stable and uniformly distributed; (2) the effects of the treatments to be evaluated are short-lived or reversible for cross-over studies, or are localized for split-mouth designs. Other important factors that influence the appropriate use of these designs include: the method of treatment sequencing and assignment, and the cross-over rules used; blinding of patient assignment, patients and observers; assessment of order effects including period, carry-over or spill-over effects; the choice of statistical analysis, the sample size utilized, and the special importance of patients lost to study or of faulty data points. The objective of this study was to review 3 journals for studies using split-mouth or cross-over designs to determine how the assumptions underlying these research designs are considered and applied in dental research. The majority of studies used adequate methods for treatment allocation and sequencing; however, many studies failed to take advantage of the research designs in the statistical analysis of data. In addition, very few studies considered the possibility of order effects or reduced bias through blinding procedures.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1996

Full- versus partial-mouth disinfection in the treatment of periodontal infections. A pilot study: long-term microbiological observations.

A standard periodontal treatment consists of 4 to 6 scalings and rootplanings at a 1- to 2-week interval, which allows reinfection of a previously disinfected area before completion of the treatment. The present pilot study aims to examine the microbiological long-term effects of a full-mouth disinfection. 10 patients with advanced chronic periodontitis were randomly allocated to a test and control group. The patients from the control group received scaling and rootplaning and oral hygiene instructions at a 2-week interval. The full-mouth disinfection (test group) consisted of a full-mouth scaling and rootplaning in 2 visits within 24 h in combination with: tongue brushing with 1% chlorhexidine gel for 1 min, mouth rinsing with 0.2% chlorhexidine solution for 2 min and subgingival irrigation of all pockets (3x in 10 min) with 1% chlorhexidine gel. The patients of the test group were instructed to rinse 2x daily with 0.2% chlorhexidine. Plaque samples were taken at baseline and after 1, 2, 4 and 8 months. Differential phase-contrast microscopy showed a significantly larger reduction of spirochetes and motile organisms in the test group up to month 2 for the single-rooted and up to month 8 for the multi-rooted teeth. Furthermore, the culture data supported the effectiveness of the new treatment strategy. In both groups, the number of anaerobic CFU decreased 1 log around single- and 0.5 log around multi-rooted teeth. The number of anaerobic CFU remained low in the test group, in contrast to the control group. At 1 month, the test group harboured a significantly (p<0.01) lower proportion of pathogenic organisms, but this difference disappeared with time. Moreover, the test sites showed a significantly higher (p<0.02) increase in the proportion of beneficial micro-organisms up to 4 months. These findings suggest that a full-mouth disinfection leads to a significant microbiological improvement up to 2 months, which could be consolidated, although not significant, for the next 6 months.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Oral hygiene practices, periodontal conditions, dentition status and self-reported bad mouth breath among young mothers, Tanzania.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the oral hygiene practices, periodontal conditions, dentition status and self-reported bad mouth breath (S-BMB) among young mothers. STUDY PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted at Muhimbili National Hospital, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. A total of 302 postpartum mothers, aged 14-44 years, were interviewed on oral hygiene practices and S-BMB using structured questionnaire. Oral hygiene, dentition and periodontal status were assessed using the Community Periodontal Index probe and gingival recessions (GR) using Williams Periodontal probe. RESULTS: Tooth brushing practice was 99%; tongue brushing (95%), plastic toothbrush users (96%), chewing stick (1%), wooden toothpicks (76%), dental floss (<1%); and toothpaste (93%). The prevalence of plaque and gingival bleeding on probing was 100%, gum bleeding during tooth brushing (33%), calculus (99%), probing periodontal pocket depth (PPD) 4-5 mm (27%), PPD 6+ mm (3%), GR 1+ mm (27%) and tooth decay (55%). The prevalence of S-BMB was 14%; the S-BMB had higher mean number of sites with plaque compared to the no S-BMB group (P=0.04). Factors associated with S-BMB were gum bleeding on tooth brushing (OR=2.4) and PPD 6+ mm (OR=5.4). CONCLUSION: Self-reported bad mouth breath is a cause of concern among young mothers, and associated significant factors were gum bleeding on tooth brushing and deep periodontal pockets of 6+ mm. Further research involving clinical diagnosis of bad mouth breath and intervention through oral health promotion and periodontal therapy are recommended. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This study provides baseline information on oral health status and the complaint on bad mouth breath which necessitates in the future need for objective assessment, diagnosis and management of bad mouth breath for enhanced social and professional interaction without embarrassment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Effects of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors on mouth to caecum transit time in humans.

The alpha-glucosidase inhibitors acarbose and miglitol have been successfully used to control postprandial hyperglycaemia in diabetics. They probably work by slowing carbohydrate digestion and absorption, but their effect on mouth to caecum transit time has not been studied. The effect acarbose (100 mg), miglitol (100 mg), and placebo on mouth to caecum transit time (380 kcal breakfast with 20 g of lactulose) was investigated in 18 normal volunteers using breath hydrogen analysis. Both miglitol and acarbose significantly increased breath hydrogen excretion (F2,34 = 6.31, p = 0.005) and shortened the mouth to caecum transit time (F2,34 = 3.49, p = 0.04) after breakfast compared with placebo. There was a significant negative correlation between breath hydrogen excretion and mouth to caecum transit time suggesting that with shorter transit times significantly more carbohydrates were spilled into the colon. These results indicate that alpha-glucosidase inhibitors accelerate mouth to caecum transit time by inducing carbohydrate malabsorption.

1-Deoxynojirimycin↗
PubMed2003

Increase in common cold symptoms and mouth ulcers following smoking cessation.

OBJECTIVE: To examine changes in reports of common cold symptoms and mouth ulcers following smoking cessation. It was hypothesised that reports of these symptoms would increase on stopping smoking. DESIGN: Smokers were assessed one week before stopping smoking (baseline), then after one, two, and six weeks of smoking abstinence. PARTICIPANTS: 174 smokers attending a seven week smoking cessation programme combining behavioural support with nicotine patches. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Self reports of cold symptoms, mouth ulcers, and smoking abstinence (validated using expired carbon monoxide) were recorded on each measurement occasion. RESULTS: Following one, two, and six weeks of smoking abstinence 73.0% (127/174), 57.5% (100/174), and 44.8% (78/174) of the participants, respectively, maintained continuous abstinence and provided reports of cold symptoms and mouth ulcers. For those abstinent from smoking for six weeks, relative to baseline, a significant increase in reports of the number of cold symptoms was observed following one and two weeks of smoking abstinence (p = 0.009 and p = 0.038, respectively) and an increase in reports of mouth ulcers after one and two weeks of abstinence (p = 0.004 and p = 0.008, respectively). Following one week of abstinence significant increases in reports of sore throat, coughing, deafness, and sneezing were observed (p = 0.049, p < 0.001, p< 0.039, and p < 0.003, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to systematically document significant increases in cold symptoms and mouth ulcers following smoking cessation. Smokers should be informed that they have an increased chance of experiencing these symptoms on stopping smoking. Being psychologically prepared for these effects may reduce their impact on the attempt to stop smoking.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

No priming of the immune response in newborn brown norway rats dosed with ovalbumin in the mouth.

BACKGROUND: Other researchers have reported that the specific immune response to subsequent antigen challenge is primed in newborn mice or rats dosed orally by gavage. We wanted to investigate if priming of a subsequent specific IgE response could be achieved by dosing newborn rats orally with ovalbumin and if this method could be used in an animal model for food allergy. METHODS: Newborn Brown Norway rats were dosed with ovalbumin in the mouth (100 microg or 6 mg). As young adults, the animals were dosed by gavage for 35 days with 1 mg ovalbumin/day or once intraperitoneally with 100 microg. Control groups were dosed by gavage or intraperitoneally but not as neonates. Additionally, young adult rats were dosed with 1 mg ovalbumin/day in the mouth for 35 days. Sera from individual animals were analysed for specific IgE and specific IgG. RESULTS: In all experiments with neonatal rats the specific IgE and IgG responses were decreased compared to the control groups, however, not always reaching statistical significance. A statistical significant decrease in the specific immune response was found in young adult rats dosed in the mouth as compared to by gavage. CONCLUSIONS: Dosing Brown Norway rats with ovalbumin in the mouth as neonates do not prime the specific immune response. The decrease in immune response found in our experiments when dosing newborn animals in the mouth in opposition to the priming seen by others when dosing by intragastric intubation may be explained by a dissimilar antigen presentation when dosing includes both oral mucosa and gut.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Incisal paths during habitual mouth opening and closing movements of children with anterior reverse bite in the early mixed dentition.

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the pathways of habitual mouth opening and closing in children with anterior reverse bite in the early mixed dentition differed from those of children with normal occlusion. The two subject groups for this study were composed of ten children with anterior reverse bite (reverse bite group) and twelve children with normal occlusion (normal occlusion group), respectively. These movements were measured by an optoelectronic analyzing system with six degrees of freedom. Movements of the incisal point were projected on the sagittal plane to characterize the paths, and sagittal angles between the incisal path and the horizontal plane were calculated and compared. Opening and closing sagittal angles in the reverse bite group were almost equal over the entire pathway, indicating that the pathways of habitual mouth opening and closing were similar. In contrast, all opening and closing sagittal angles in the normal occlusion group were different, especially close to maximum intercuspation, indicating that their pathway of habitual mouth opening differed from their mouth closing pathway. In conclusion, children with anterior reverse bite in the early mixed dentition have different patterns of habitual mouth opening and closing movements than children with normal occlusion.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1987

Systemic cardiovascular and metabolic effects associated with the inhalation of an increased dose of albuterol. Influence of mouth rinsing and gargling.

We designed this investigation to assess the occurrence of systemic beta adrenergic side effects associated with the inhalation of an increased dose of the beta2 receptor agonist albuterol. Since therapeutic aerosols delivered by metered dose inhaler (MDI) are preferentially deposited in the mouth and pharynx, we wished to determine whether mouth rinsing and gargling with water might reduce the magnitude of such side effects by partially removing oral and pharyngeal drug residues. Serum glucose, insulin and potassium concentrations, forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), heart rate (HR), and blood pressure (BP) were measured as parameters of beta-adrenergic stimulation. Each of eight nonmedicated mild asthmatic patients was studied on two separate days after an overnight fast. Measurements were obtained twice before and then repeatedly at various times up to three hours after inhalation of ten albuterol doses (total dose approximately 1 mg) delivered by MDI. On either day the patient did, or did not, rinse the mouth and gargle after drug inhalation. Aerosol-administered albuterol significantly increased HR, FEV1, systolic BP and serum concentrations of glucose and insulin and lowered diastolic BP as early as five min after inhalation, indicating early systemic drug absorption. Peak changes in all measured parameters were observed within 30 min after treatment. Mouth rinsing and gargling removed 24 +/- 11 percent of the total albuterol dose delivered, but did not lower the magnitude or shift the time course of these side effects or bronchodilation. Our data suggest that cardiovascular and metabolic side effects are associated with the inhalation of an increased dose of albuterol and that mouth rinsing and gargling are not effective in reducing the magnitude of these systemic effects.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Plaque pH recovery by mouth-rinses with water.

A transistor pH electrode (pH-ISFET electrode) was placed in each of four human mouths and bacteria were allowed to accumulate on it for 1, 2 or 3 days. Changes of plaque pH were measured in situ after application of sucrose solution (0.1, 1 or 3%) and, then, quick pH recovery by mouth-rinses with water was estimated. Although the acidic pH after application of 0.1% sucrose was easily and quickly recovered from by a few mouth-rinses with water, rather frequent mouth-rinses with water were required to recover from the acidic pH of 2- or 3-day-old plaque after the application of a 1 or 3% sucrose solution. For example, 15 (mean, n = 4) mouth-rinses with water were required for the 3 day-old plaque pH to recover after the application of 3% sucrose solution.

Colony Count, Microbial↗
PubMed1999

Clinical assessment and outcome in 70 patients with complaints of burning or sore mouth symptoms.

OBJECTIVE: To review a series of patients with a burning or sore mouth for elucidation of associated conditions and treatment outcome. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We retrospectively studied 70 consecutive patients with a burning or sore mouth who were encountered at a tertiary-care center between 1979 and 1992. Clinical and laboratory findings were summarized, and follow-up data were analyzed. RESULTS: The study cohort of 56 women and 14 men had a mean age of 59 years. They had had a burning or sore mouth for a mean duration of 2.5 years. Multiple etiologic factors for the burning or sore mouth were present in 37% of the study subjects. The most frequently associated conditions were psychiatric disease (30%), xerostomia (24%), geographic tongue (24%), nutritional deficiencies (21%), and allergic contact stomatitis (13%). With a treatment course tailored to the suspected causal factor, 72% of the patients who had follow-up reported improvement. CONCLUSION: With a directed investigation, one or more causes could be identified in most patients who had a burning or sore mouth. Successful management of these symptoms was possible in a majority of the patients.

Adult↗