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PubMed1990

Apomorphine facilitates male sexual behavior of rhesus monkeys.

In the present study, a novel sexual behavior paradigm was used to study the effects of the dopamine agonist, apomorphine, on male sexual behavior of rhesus monkeys. In Experiment 1, the effects of apomorphine treatment were assessed by observing the behavioral responses of male rhesus to a sexually receptive female monkey that they could see, hear, and smell, but could not physically contact. Apomorphine treatment produced a spectrum of behavioral effects that differed depending on the dose of drug administered. Low doses of apomorphine (25-100 micrograms/kg) stimulated yawning, moderate doses (50-200 micrograms/kg) facilitated male sexual responses associated with the genitals including penile erection and masturbation, and high doses (greater than 200 micrograms/kg) elicited stereotypic behavior. Experiment 2 examined whether the behavioral responses of male monkeys to apomorphine treatment were influenced by the stimulus female. Apomorphine treatment facilitated penile erections in tests in which a stimulus female was present, but did not facilitate erections in tests in which she was absent. In sum, these experiments provide preliminary evidence that dopaminergic mechanisms may play a role in the regulation of male sexual behavior of rhesus monkeys.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Sexual abuse of English boys and girls: the importance of anal examination.

Child sexual abuse is attracting increasing attention in the United Kingdom. In Leeds this is reflected in the work of two pediatricians who receive multiagency, direct referrals for children of all ages. Over two years 1,368 referrals were received for all kinds of abuse and neglect, including 608 for suspected sexual abuse (Hobbs & Wynne, 1987a), of which 337 (243 girls, 94 boys) were confirmed or probable cases. The abuses included genital touching, masturbation, oral, vaginal and anal penetration. Of these abuses, 30% (which were frequently multiple) involved and penetration by finger or penis; and 42% of 337 children exhibited one or more anal findings, rising to 60% of 115 children in the 0-5 years of age group. The diagnosis of abuse was made from results of multidisciplinary assessment including medical examination. Genital findings were present in 3% of boys and 50% of girls. Anal findings included erythema; swelling (tyre); laxity; shortening or eversion; reflex anal dilatation (dilatation); fissures; venous congestion; reversible and permanent skin changes; twitching; funnelling; hematoma and bruising; as well as signs of infection. The pattern of anal signs varied with the age of the child and chronicity of abuse, as judged from the history. Healing and resolution of anal physical findings on follow-up were observed from days to months after initial examination. The general absence of these findings in the group of children judged not to have been sexually abused supports a cause and effect hypothesis, but further research is required. Medical examination of every child where symptoms, signs, or situation raise the possibility of abuse or neglect must include anal inspection, but instrumental or digital examination is not recommended.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

The premenstrual syndrome. A psychological evaluation.

The aim of the present study was to verify the presence of certain psychological factors in women complaining of the premenstrual syndrome which would differentiate these women from others. Of 42 women initially interviewed, 25 were finally selected for study, on the basis of clear premenstrual/menstrual symptoms. Twenty-three women who did not suffer premenstrual symptoms acted as controls. Women suffering from the premenstrual syndrome had significantly higher levels of 'trait' anxiety (STAI), 'neuroticism' (EPI-B), and more negative attitudes towards their bodies, genitals, sex and masturbation, as measured by a 'Role Acceptance Scale'. Both premenstrual syndrome sufferers and controls held negative attitudes toward menarche and menses.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Behavioral and hormonal effects of prolonged high doses of LHRH in male impotency.

Eight married men with secondary impotency on a nonorganic, non-psychiatric disease basis injected themselves with placebo subcutaneously (SC) twice a day (b.i.d.) for the first week in a single blind design followed by two periods of four weeks with LHRH (3 mg b.i.d. for four weeks) and placebo (b.i.d. for four weeks) in a double blind crossover design. Outcome was assessed by daily questionnaires. There were no significant differences between the effects of LHRH and placebo on frequency of intercourse, spontaneous erections, and wife's rating of her husband's libido. On these measurements, small, non-significant, trends toward improvement were associated with LHRH. The patients' rating of their own libido was higher (p less than 0.05) during the first week on LHRH compared to the first week of the four weeks of placebo, but the magnitude of the differences was minimal. Frequency of masturbation did not increase with LHRH. In contrast to other studies, men with premasturbatory activity improved less and there was no improvement in potency in the two month follow-up after LHRH. Baseline LH, FSH, testosterone and prolactin were all within normal limits. The LH and FSH response to LHRH decreased over the 28 days but testosterone levels and response to LHRH increased. Since there was a small trend toward improvement after LHRH, clinical trials with LHRH analogs should be explored.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Do prostitutes need more health education regarding sexually transmitted diseases and the HIV infection? Experience in a Belgian city.

From December 1988 till April 1989 154 women who worked in clubs (120) and behind windows (34) in and around Ghent, Belgium, were interviewed about knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection in their professional life. Television scored best (98%) as a source of information for AIDS. A leaflet posted in every door in 1987 was mentioned in 60%. Less than half the women gave more than 7 correct answers on 11 questions about safety of sex techniques. Intercourse with condom, the sexual act mostly done, was considered safer than deep kissing, masturbation and even massage. In 10 to 20% of the professional sex contacts no condoms were used, which leads to 1000 to 4000 unprotected contacts every week in the sex industry in Ghent (population 500,000). Condom use with the private partner is exceptional. Proposals for condom use almost invariably come from the women themselves instead of from their clients. We conclude that up till now health education efforts to prostitutes and their clients were not sufficient and that they should be intensified.

Belgium↗
PubMed1992

Sexual behaviour related to psycho-social factors in a population of Danish homosexual and bisexual men.

An anonymous self-administered questionnaire was distributed to (1) male members of the Danish Gay and Lesbian Association (2) through a gay magazine and (3) to readers of a gay pornographic magazine. For the purpose of this study sexual practices were classified into three categories taking into account the HIV-status of the respondent and his partner(s): safe sex (mutual masturbation, sex with condoms, sex without condoms between two HIV-positives), potentially safe sex (oral-genital sex without condoms irrespective of HIV-status, anal-genital sex without condoms between two HIV-negatives), unsafe sex (anal-genital sex without condoms between discordant partners or partners of unknown HIV status). Of the 2058 respondents 29.7% had had unsafe sex in the last 12 months. Multivariate analysis by recursive graphical models showed that sexual practice was directly related (that is conditionally dependent given the rest of the variables) to having a steady partner. Among men without a steady partner sexual practice was also directly related to age and number of partners showing an increase in unsafe sex with number of partners and a decrease with age. Thus of the men 16-19 years of age 43.5% had had unsafe sex irrespective of number of partners vs 5.7% of men older than 44 years and with one to two partners. Sexual practice was not directly related to any other demographic or psychosocial factor in the study. The adopted classification of sexual practice preclude that the high occurrence of unsafe sex could be explained by unsafe sex taking place among partners of concordant HIV status. The results emphasize the need for further preventive efforts to reduce transmission of HIV among homosexual men.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Issues of gender in gamete donation.

Gamete donation refers to the practice whereby either semen or eggs are donated by a third party to enable infertile individuals or couples to become parents. This paper examines the way in which gender is deployed as a resource for organizing the meanings attached to that practice. The gender aspects of gamete donation are not always immediately apparent since semen and egg donation are often described as being essentially the same. However, a closer examination indicates that behind the claim of equivalence lies a set of unstated assumptions about their difference. These assumptions are tied to ideas about the ways in which men and women are thought to behave more generally in relation to reproduction and the family. This paper draws on two sources of empirical data to reveal how these assumptions are used: first, data from a detailed analysis of the Warnock Report (established by the British Government in 1982 to inquire into and make recommendations on techniques of human fertilization and embryology), which includes a cross-national and historical comparison with other government reports; second, data from a series of in-depth interviews with members of the Warnock Committee. The analysis of the reports suggests that historically semen donation was associated with 'deviant' sexuality (masturbation, adultery, illegitimacy) though paradoxically the extant nature of semen donation was then used to justify the acceptance of egg donation in later reports. This is despite the fact that in these later reports there are clear, albeit implicit, distinctions drawn between the two procedures in terms of donor motivation, the risks of being a donor, and the consequences of donation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Advisory Committees↗
PubMed1996

Influence of donor insemination on sexual functions of recipients.

This paper presents the results of an investigation by personal interviews by the author, concerning different characteristics of sexual behaviour in 156 women during the period in which donor insemination was performed. The questions concerned sexual desire, orgasm, masturbation, libido alterations during the menstrual cycle, libido of wife compared to libido of husband, influence of sex films and sex books on sexual desire. The conclusion that can be drawn from this study is that donor insemination did not disturb the sexual part of marital life in the interviewed group of women.

Female↗
PubMed1993

Sexual behaviour and attitudes of Danish middle-aged men-methodological considerations.

A Danish cohort-investigation of health risk-factors (started in 1976) included descriptions of the sexuality of the participants. This paper examines the validity/representativity of the results of the sexological investigation of the male participants, when in 1987 they were 51 years old. Remaining results will be published in separate articles about each main theme. The participants, 439 men, completed a questionnaire concerning sexuality (behaviour, attitudes and experience) and had their serum-LH and serum-free testosterone measured. Thereafter 100 of the 439 men were interviewed. The present examination shows that the participants are representative of same-aged men from all over Denmark concerning the sexological results. The answer ratio of the questionnaire was 70-95% and the non-responders of the questionnaire gave different interview answers than the rest. Complemented with their answers (answer ratio of nearly 100%) the interview results are more representative than the results of the questionnaire. The interview information is in this study considered more valid than the information obtained by the questionnaire--because the former more frequently than the latter contain answers embarrassing to the participants (e.g. high frequency of masturbation) or difficult for them to recall. The interview thereby adds vital information to that of the questionnaire.

Attitude↗
PubMed1995

Adolescent readers' responses to the booklet on sex.

PURPOSE: To investigate the reception and the readers' reactions to a booklet about sex, which is mailed annually to all 16-year old Finnish adolescents. METHODS: Eight hundred youngsters were randomly selected to the study. A questionnaire was sent to them six weeks after the mailing of the booklet, The Sextiin. After three rounds, a response rate of 65% (N = 521) was achieved. RESULTS: The booklet reached 97% of the respondents, of whom 72% read all of it. The respondents' attitudes towards and reactions to the Sextiin were mainly positive. They reacted least positively to the articles on homosexuality and masturbation. Twelve percent of the respondents indicated that they opened the condom package that was attached to the Sextiin. CONCLUSIONS: The study shows that the campaign reached its target group well. As the adolescents' reactions to the Sextiin proved to be mainly positive, a claim for further use of the mass media for educational purposes is justified.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

[Rupture of corpora cavernosa: clinical practice].

Rupture of corpora cavernosa is a rare disease in young adults. In western countries, the most frequent cause is the so-called "faux pas du coït". In the Middle East, masturbation and penis manipulations aimed at stopping morning erection are the most frequent causes. The fracture which is audible by the patient is accompanied by a rapid detumescence with progressive onset of a haematoma. Diagnosis is based on clinical findings but radiological investigations such as MRI, ultrasonography or cavernography may help localizing the exact fracture site. The treatment of albugineal ruptures is surgery, in an elective manner whenever possible; it consists in the eviction of the subcutaneous haematoma, the suture of the albuginea and treatment of a potentially associated urethral rupture. Conservative treatment is exceptional and limited to patients who reject surgery, since it generates more complications: painful erections, persistent haematoma with a risk of infection, arteriovenous fistula, impotence, and unrecognized urethral rupture. Patients must be clearly informed on all these complications.

Hematoma↗
PubMed2004

Children and adolescents as sexual beings: cross-cultural perspectives.

This article offers a broad perspective on child and adolescent behaviors, which are seen by different Western definitions as associated with sexual/erotic implications. This article also demonstrates that basic definitions or meanings that many modern Western societies consider important are viewed as unimportant in other societies. Topics such as masturbation, child-adult sexual activities or cross-generational marriages, same-sex activities, and sexual indoctrination are viewed differently among many groups.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Quantitative assessment of seminal vesicle and prostate drug concentrations by use of a noninvasive method.

BACKGROUND: The male genital tract is a complex collection of anatomically and biochemically distinct compartments that contribute to the ejaculate. Understanding the pharmacokinetics in these compartments should inform rational therapeutics involving these glands. METHODS: Nineteen men were administered a single dose of 600 mg chloroquine (base) and 975 mg aspirin before providing a semen sample by masturbation with fractionation into a 5-compartment collection device. Fractions were assayed for fructose (unique seminal vesicle marker), prostate-specific antigen (unique prostate marker), salicylate, and chloroquine. Seminal vesicle and prostate concentrations of salicylate and chloroquine were estimated via a novel analytic method involving a multilevel latent-variable model implemented by use of Bayesian methods. RESULTS: The geometric mean chloroquine semen/blood ratio was 4.02 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.36-6.86); for salicylate, the primary metabolite of aspirin, the semen/blood ratio was 0.10 (95% CI, 0.08-0.14). The estimated mean prostate/seminal vesicle ratio for salicylate, 0.38 (95% CI by Bayesian methods, 0.12-0.73), was consistent with our hypothesis that salicylate would achieve higher concentrations in the seminal vesicle than in the prostate. Chloroquine, however, did not demonstrate a statistically significant seminal vesicle/prostate difference (4.41; 95% CI by Bayesian methods, 0.14-30.52). CONCLUSIONS: We successfully demonstrated the quantitative, noninvasive estimation of drug concentrations in the prostate gland fluid distinct from the seminal vesicle fluid using our optimized method of split-ejaculate collection and a novel mixed-effects model with Bayesian estimation. Our methods can be applied to gland-specific quantitation of drugs and other substances of interest, thus enabling pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and pathophysiologic studies to inform rational therapeutics within different glands of the male genital tract.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Acceptability and satisfaction using Quick Start with the contraceptive vaginal ring versus an oral contraceptive.

BACKGROUND: Many women discontinue their use of hormonal contraception, and even those who continue so may have difficulty using oral contraceptive pills consistently. New delivery systems, including the vaginal ring, may be easier to use, but user acceptability and satisfaction with these new methods may be affected by women's experience with their bodies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data for this study were collected as part of a randomized clinical trial on 201 women comparing immediate start of vaginal ring use with immediate start of low-dose oral contraceptive use. We assessed user satisfaction and method continuation 3 months after ring or pill initiation. RESULTS: At 3 months, 174 of 201 subjects (87%) had follow-up interviews. Among the 174 study participants with follow-up data, 61% of ring subjects and 34% of pill subjects were very satisfied with their methods (p=.003). For posttrial contraception, 79% of ring subjects chose to continue with the ring whereas 59% of pill subjects chose to continue with the pill (p<.001). Women who reported greater comfort in touching their genitals, greater frequency of masturbation, more comfort with intercourse and past use of vaginal contraceptives and products were not more likely than others to be satisfied with the ring or to continue using it for birth control. CONCLUSION: Women who were allocated to vaginal ring use, regardless of their baseline characteristics or behavior, were likely to be highly satisfied with the method and to continue its use.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Influence of swim-up time on the ratio of X- and Y-bearing spermatozoa.

OBJECTIVE: The objective was to examine the separation of X- and Y-bearing spermatozoa in a modified swim-up procedure using fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), and to find out the influence of swim-up time on the ratio of X- and Y-bearing spermatozoa. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING: Reproductive testing laboratory in a university hospital. PATIENTS: Normal spermatozoa samples were obtained from 10 volunteers by masturbation after sexual abstinence for 3-5 days. INTERVENTIONS: Spermatozoa were put into 18 tubes with 0.25 ml in each, then mixed with HTF medium and centrifuged for 5 min (400 x g). The supernatant was removed and discarded and 0.5 ml HTF was added slowly along the tube wall. Motile spermatozoa were collected after swimming up in different times (from 5 up to 150 min, with a total of 17 intervals). The X- and Y-bearing spermatozoa were determined using the FISH technique. The X/Y dual-color CEP probes that were marked by fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) and Texas red were applied to analyze the ratio of X- and Y-bearing spermatozoa. The FISH staining slides were analyzed under an immunofluorescence microscope. About 1000-1500 spermatozoa were counted per slide. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The percentages of X- and Y-bearing spermatozoa were calculated. RESULTS: The study results suggested that the total ratio of hybridization was 98.33%. The ratio of X-bearing spermatozoa after swimming up for different amounts of time is 50.03 +/- 0.91% at 0 min, 50.45 +/- 2.06% after 15 min, 50.61 +/- 2.47% after 30 min, 50.16 +/- 2.67% after 60 min, 50.72 +/- 2.64% after 90 min, and 50.56 +/- 2.20% after 150 min. The statistical analysis showed that there were no significant differences among different swim-up times in the ratio of X-bearing spermatozoa. CONCLUSIONS: There was no significant effect of swim-up time on the ratios of X- and Y-bearing spermatozoa using a modified swim-up procedure. No direct evidence was found that the swim-up procedure for separating motile spermatozoa to use for either intrauterine insemination (IUI) or in vitro fertilization (IVF) would lead to an imbalance of boys and girls.

Cell Separation↗
PubMed2004

The long-term effects of DDT exposure on semen, fertility, and sexual function of malaria vector-control workers in Limpopo Province, South Africa.

Hormonally active chemicals in the environment such as DDT have been associated with declining male reproductive health, especially semen quality. A cross-sectional study of 60 workers was performed near the Malaria Control Center (MCC) in Tzaneen, Limpopo Province, South Africa. Tests included a questionnaire (sexual function, fertility, and job history), a physical examination of the reproductive system, and semen analysis (produced via coitus interruptus or masturbation). Sperm count, density, and motility using the World Health Organization criteria and morphology using the strict Tygerberg criteria were determined. Serum o'p' and p'p' isomers of DDE, DDT, and DDD were measured. Forty-eight (81.0%) participants produced a semen sample, while all completed the questionnaires and physical examination. The mean sperm count was 93.8+/-130.3 million, and sperm density was 74.6+/-85.1 million/mL. The mean normal morphology score was 2.5+/-1.8% of subjects. Eighty-four percent of morphology scores were below either the WHO or the Tygerberg criteria, with the highest individual score being 6%. Self-perceived current problems with sexual function ranged between 10% and 20%. The most prevalent genital abnormality was abnormal testis disposition at 71%. There were few significant associations between DDT exposure measures (measured as years worked at MCC and serum DDT) and reproductive outcomes. p'p'-DDT was negatively associated with semen count (beta=-3.7+/-1.7; P=0.04; R2=0.05 adjusted for age, abstinence, physical abnormality, and fever in last 2 months). While the semen quality in the study was less than normal, no strong evidence for a DDT effect was found.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

The Premature Ejaculation Prevalence and Attitudes (PEPA) survey: prevalence, comorbidities, and professional help-seeking.

OBJECTIVES: This study evaluated the associated comorbidities and patient satisfaction with treatment options for premature ejaculation (PE), a common sexual dysfunction. METHODS: A comprehensive, Internet-based survey (the PE Prevalence and Attitudes [PEPA] survey) was conducted among men ages 18-70 in the United States, Germany, and Italy (n=12,133). Men were classified as having PE based on self-report of low or absent control over ejaculation, resulting in distress for them or their sexual partner or both. RESULTS: The prevalence of PE was 22.7% (24.0% in the United States, 20.3% in Germany, and 20.0% in Italy) and did not vary significantly with age among men over age 24 yr. Men with PE were more likely to self-report other sexual dysfunctions (e.g., anorgasmia, low libido, erectile dysfunction) and psychological disturbances (e.g., depression, anxiety, excessive stress) than men without PE (p<0.05 for all). Men with PE were most aware of (>70%) and most likely to have used (>50%) special positions during sex, interrupted stimulation, masturbation, and having intercourse more often than usual to manage their PE. Only 9.0% of men with PE reported having consulted a physician for the condition; 81.9% had to initiate the conversation about PE and 91.5% reported little or no improvement as a result of seeking treatment. CONCLUSION: PE is a highly prevalent sexual problem, with significant sexual and psychological comorbidities. Most men with PE do not seek assistance from their physician, and most of those who do are not satisfied with the results.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Detection of erythropoietin in human seminal plasma.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the presence of erythropoietin (EPO) in ejaculates and the association between EPO levels in seminal plasma and semen parameters. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis. SETTING: University hospital in Japan. PATIENT(S): Eighty-three infertile males and 16 volunteers with proven fertility. INTERVENTION(S): Semen was obtained by masturbation after 5 days of abstinence. Blood sample and split ejaculates of 16 volunteers with proven fertility were collected. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Western blot analysis and enzyme-linked immunoassay in the seminal plasma and sperm parameters. RESULT(S): Western blot analysis showed that EPO protein was present in the seminal plasma. The EPO titers in the seminal plasma ranged from 1.5 mIU/mL to 45.0 mIU/mL by enzyme-linked immunoassay. There was no significant association between EPO levels and semen parameters. The first fraction of samples obtained by split ejaculation contained almost the same amount of EPO as the second fraction. CONCLUSION(S): Erythropoietin protein was constitutively present in seminal plasma. The seminal EPO originated from the prostate and seminal vesicle. No association between EPO levels in seminal plasma and sperm parameters was found in the present study.

Blotting, Western↗