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At least 523 records · Page 29Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

[The remineralization of the vertebral metastases of breast carcinoma after radiotherapy].

BACKGROUND: The early detection of effects caused by radiotherapy on bone mineralisation has influence on clinical treatment. Usually the follow-up is done by conventional X-rays, presenting a loss of calcification of at least 30%. Quantitative CT-measurements are much more sensitive. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In a prospective study we evaluated the CT-scans of 14 patients with multiple vertebral metastases of mamma carcinoma. Our patients underwent SEQCT (one 10 mm slice in each affected vertebral body, 80 kV, 250 mAs) before and immediately after radiation therapy (total dose 30 Gy to 36 Gy) followed by further examinations 6 weeks and 3 months later. RESULTS: While there is no significant change in increased BMD (bone mineral density) of osteosclerotic and decreased BMD of osteolytic metastases just after therapy, the following examinations present an increase of BMD in osteolytic metastases 6 weeks after therapy more distinct 3 months after. Osteosclerotic metastases show a decline in bone density. In mixed metastases is no significant change while normal bone lying in the irradiation field demineralizes. Additive chemotherapy is very important especially for mineralisation of lytic metastases. Referring to mixed metastasis in one vertebral body we suggest a separate evaluation of the left and right side. CONCLUSION: Mineralizing effects of radiation therapy depend on the characteristics of the metastases. Supported by QCT histopathological change can be documented and exactly demonstrated to the clinician.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Hepar lobatum carcinomatosum due to chemotherapy of a metastatic breast carcinoma.

Besides the lungs, the liver is the second most common site of hematogenous metastases from carcinomata of the breast. Hepar lobatum carcinomatosum is the rarest form of metastatic liver disease. Reported in this article is a case of a 59-year-old woman with invasive duct carcinoma of the breast with metastasis to the axillar lymph nodes and liver, treated with ablatio mammae and combination of chemotherapy. The etiology of hepar lobatum is caused by multiple pathogenetic factors. Tumor-related multifocal obstruction of portal and hepatic venous vessels and effects of chemotherapy are discussed.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1977

[Puerperal mastitis].

The puerperal mastitis is a staphylococcal infection of the lactating mamma cumulating during the third and fourth week after delivery. It is seen three times as often after hospital than after house delivery, and it is also more frequent with primiparae than with multiparae. The infection is caused by bacterial hospitalism. Most commonly mamilla and milkducts are infected via the child's nasopharynx. Mastitis rarely occurs in non-nursing women. Early diagnosis before the appearance of all classical inflammatory symptoms is important, to start the treatment with antibiotics before abscess formation takes place. We mentioned Fucidine, Oleandomycin and Oxacillin as staphylococcal-effective, penicillinase-resistent antibiotics. Additionally low-dose X-ray radiation may be given. In case of abscess formation local antibiotic-instillation combined with oral antibiotic treatment should be tried before incision. It is best to incise an abscess only after is complete breakdown. Complications to be looked for are maternal sepsis and staphylococcal infection of the newborn.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Do an operation and radiotherapy in the breast-preserving therapy of breast carcinoma modify the meaningfulness of subsequent mammographies?].

PURPOSE: Today, whenever possible, mamma carcinoma is operated on by preserving as much breast as possible, and is followed by postoperative radiotherapy of the thoracic wall. This form of treatment can lead to alterations of the skin and parenchyma, visible in mammogram, which may make evaluation of these mammographies difficult with regard to recidive. This paper presented describes nature and frequency of changes of treated breast caused by therapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Three hundred and eighty mammographies of 50 female patients were evaluated on alterations of skin and parenchyma caused by combined therapy. Inclusive criteria were among others 2 mammographies in the 1st year after therapy, no advanced or parallel chemotherapy and a follow-up time of at least 5 years. RESULTS: Thirty-two patients (64%) showed no fibrotic changes of breast, 5 patients (10%) initially developed denseness of parenchyma which then, however, reverted back to a completely normal state. Only 13 patients (26%) had irreversible fibrotic alterations of parenchyma, only 3 (6%) of which showed extensive fibrosis which definitely might make recidive diagnostic difficult. CONCLUSION: Major changes of parenchyma caused by preparatory treatment which can be registered by mammography are relatively rare. For this reason, mammography maintains its unchanged high position within post-tumorous treatment, especially as it even today is the only diagnostic method to evidence microcalcifications suspect of being malignant.

Breast↗
PubMed1996

[The bone-marrow transplantation program in Hungary: report from the period 1990-1995].

The article summarises the statistical data of bone marrow transplantation (BMT) carried out in Hungary between 1990-1995 in yearly distribution. Since the first BMT up to the end of 1995, 168 BMT were performed. The number of transplantations since 1990 to our days was gradually increasing. As a result of this activity in the three transplantation centers (National Institute of Haematology and Immunology, St. László Hospital and County Hospital in Miskolc) 36 allogeneic and 12 autologous BMT were performed in 1995. Out of the allogeneic BMT cases, 14% of them were completed with unrelated, donors in the last three years. The most frequent indications for allogenic BMT are: chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML), acute lymphoid leukaemia (ALL), acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), myelodysplasia, severe aplastic anaemia. Child allogenic BMTs are carried out on pediatric patients in St. László Hospital in leukaemia, severe aplastic anaemia cases and children born with immunodeficiency. Autologous BMTs started in an organised way in 1995 for adult patients in cases of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, Hodgkin lymphoma and for children with solid tumour indication in the Miskolc Centre. BMT activity in Hungary compared with international data, especially within Europe, shows a significant drop behind. To calculate for ten million inhabitants, the optimal BMT activity should be between 100-200 transplantations (allogeneic and autologous BMT together) in 1994. Among the Central European countries Hungary and Poland fall most behind. Autologous BMTs in most countries of Europe are above of allogeneic BMTs in numbers as indication in cases of lymphoma and solid tumours (first of all mamma carcinoma) comes into focus. This summary emphasises the most important difficulties in connection with the development of the National BMT program.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

[Women's self examination of the breast. Value, frequency, self examination; A psychometric study on 532 women].

Immediate cooperation between doctor and patient is of extreme importance for the early detection of mamma carcinoma. In addition to the doctor's examination and palpation of the mammary and the keeping of an up-to-date health record, the patient must conduct frequent self-examinations of the breast. An attitude-study concerning self-examinations was conducted with 500 women using a questionnaire and the psychometric test method.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed1997

[Subcutaneous mastectomy].

The subcutaneous mastectomy (SM) which cannot be standardized is the possible treatment in a given indication especially to reduce the risk of cancer to a large extent-though only through experienced hands. Any re-operation often resulting from the complications of reconstructions through silicon prostheses can be more extensive than mamma-carcinoma therapy itself. The patient as well as the surgeon must be aware that the aesthetic result of the therapy is not the primary reason for the operation but the prevention or therapy of a life-threatening disease. With this perspective in mind the high rate of complications with SM is an acceptable risk and may ensure a high degree of permanent tumor removal.

Breast Implants↗
PubMed1977

[Contribution to the frequency and diagnosis of cardiac metastases in autopsy cases (author's transl)].

At the Karl-Marx-University of Leipzig 12033 autopsies of adults (15 years and upwards) were registered during the period 1965 to 1969, 3919 malignant tumours were observed. 224 cases showed metastases in the heart arising especially from bronchiogenic carcinomas, carcinomas of the mamma and melanoblastomas. Cardiac metastases in our cases occurred between the age 26 and 90. The localisation of the metastases is reported distinctly. Further 50 hearts of tumour-autopsies without macroscopic finding were investigated after separating 2 min-slices. The microscopical examination showed metastases is 6 cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[High dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell transplantation].

Subsequent stem cell transplantation makes it possible to increase the dose of oncological chemotherapy by a factor of between three- and ten-fold. For primary treatment, the superiority of this approach vis-a-vis standard doses seems to be highly likely in the case of recurrent highly malignant lymphomas, metastatic mamma carcinomas and plasmacytomas. To date, however, the most favorable time point for high-dose chemotherapy has not yet been definitively established-not has the patient group most likely to benefit or the most effective combination of cytostatics to be used. For this reason, such treatment, even of these diseases, should not be applied outside of controlled studies, and must be viewed even more critically in the case of other diseases for which data from randomized studies are not yet available. Despite a relatively low overall level of toxicity, peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) still has a mortality rate--even in large centers--of 2 to 5%. Any such treatment should therefore be given only in controlled studies and in suitable centers.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Metastasis in axillary lymph nodes in breast carcinoma--possibilities of mammographic diagnosis].

INTRODUCTION: Enlarged axillary lymph nodes are often found during routine examinations. They are usually circular, oval, lobular, smaller than 1 cm, with typically changed fat centers. The condition of axillary lymph nodes in breast cancer is of great importance for timely diagnosis, because its metastatic spread is a primary prognostic sign of breast cancer. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to explore possibilities of mammographic diagnosis in detecting enlarged lymph nodes. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The authors present 69 patients with enlarged axillary lymph nodes discovered by clinical examination and mammography of the axila. Of 69 patients, 47 patients had metastatic breast cancer, 21 subject had dysplasia and 1 patient had bacterial infection. Of 47 patients with breast cancer metastases, in 38 the tumour mass in breast was visible by mammography; microcalcifications had been found in 5 patients, while in 4 subjects the tumour mass was not visible either in one, or the other mamma. Biopsy was performed in all 47 patients and diagnosis was confirmed microscopically (by PH). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The appearance of enlarged lymph nodes in axilla may be a primary clinical and mammographic sign of the earliest breast cancer. The diagnosis is not the problem if lymphadenopathy, together with visible cancer, is present (Figure 1). The problem arises when enlarged lymph nodes are without visible tumour mass in the breast (Figures 2 and 3), because their enlargement can also be seen in dysplasia, inflammation (Fig. 6), lymphoma, metastases of some other tumour (rarely), systemic disease. In all presented patients with metastatic breast cancer, lymph nodes were extremely enlarged, homogeneous and separated. All of them had no hylar fatty degeneration which is a characteristic of benign enlargement of lymph nodes. But, it is impossible to make a differential diagnosis between malignant changes and benign enlargement of lymph nodes by mammography. Consequently, biopsy of all lymph nodes larger than 1 cm, being not infiltrated by fat is suggested (excluding mastitis and dermatitis), because only pathology can give answer to the cause of lymph nodes enlargement.

Axilla↗
PubMed1997

[Activity of isocitrate dehydrogenase in breast cancer].

The activity of isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH) was studied in the tissue of breast cancer and in the blood serum of the women suffering from this neoplasm. The comparative material was the physiological tissue of mammae and blood serum of the healthy women. The activity of ICDH in neoplasm tissue was more higher than in physiological tissue. In the blood serum of ill patients activity of this enzyme was higher than in control serums too.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1997

Histological investigations on the skin of the mammary gland of mares.

The purpose of the study was to give a histological picture of the different skin regions of the mammary gland in mares. Special emphasis on the dark coating in the sulcus intermammarius was given. As a result, the dark pigmented udder skin can be subdivided into the skin of the Corpus mammae, the sulcus intermammarius and the teat skin. In the sulcus intermammarius the whole epidermis was considerably thicker than usual, especially the stratum corneum (up to 70 layers of cornified layers) and the stratum spinosum. In general, the squamous keratinocytes were unusually large. The histological preparations of the coating revealed a stratum corneum instead of a supposed secretion of the sebaceous glands. The dermal papillae ended immediately below the stratum corneum.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Gene expression and protein deposition of major basement membrane components and TGF-beta 1 in human breast cancer.

In the present study we used immunohistochemistry and in-situ hybridization for the localization of major basement membrane (BM) components and their mRNA, respectively, in order to determine the extent of BM production and deposition in normal mammary tissue as well as in invasive mamma carcinomas. While normal mammary tissue showed an intact epithelial BM, as evidenced by a continuous linear staining for collagen i.v., laminin, heparan sulfate proteoglycan (perlecan) and fibronectin, this staining was widely lost in the invasive carcinomas. Non-invasive intraductal areas of the carcinomas (carcinoma-in-situ) revealed focal fragmentation and duplication of the epithelial BM. Using in-situ hybridization, we observed only focally positive mRNA-expression for collagen i.v.-, perlecan- and fibronectin-mRNA in normal glands, while mRNA-signals were significantly enhanced in one case of fibroadenoma and particularly in invasive and non-invasive carcinomas, regardless of the degree of tumor cell differentiation. In these instances both tumor and stroma cells were positively labelled. In addition, we could demonstrate a significant increase in the level of TGF-beta 1-mRNA--as the most active cytokine for the induction of matrix component production--by carcinoma cells and to lesser extent by stroma cells. The discrepancy between significantly enhanced mRNA-synthesis and loss in protein deposition points either to an upregulated activity of matrix degrading proteinases (matrix-metalloproteinases) or a posttranslational block of protein synthesis or both.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Experimental study on relationship between exogenous estrogen and breast cancer risk.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between exogenous estrogen and breast cancer risk. METHODS: Female rats were randomly divided into three groups, namely diethylstilbestrol (DES), norethindrone compositae (CoNET) and control group. The histological structure and ultrastructural changes of mammae were observed. The levels of sexual hormones in serum were determined and the AgNOR counts, DNA contents and steroid receptor contents in mammary epithelium were also detected. RESULTS: In DES group, the level of progesterone (10.38 ng/ml) was obviously lower than that in the control group (13.37 ng/ml); the incidence of hyperplasia of mammary gland (73.33%) was significantly higher than that in the control group (7.69%); and the degree of hyperplasia was obviously more serious than that in the control group. Moreover, there were 13.33% of rats with atypical hyperplasia in DES group. The DNA contents, AgNOR counts and estrogen receptor (ER) positive rate were markedly higher in DES group (95.60, 2.43 and 71.71% respectively) than in the control group (83.07, 1.88 and 40% respectively). However, in CoNET group, there were no obvious influences on ER, AgNOR and DNA in mammary epithelium. CONCLUSIONS: Exogenous estrogen (DES) could affect the levels of sexual hormones in serum, accelerate the DNA duplication, increase the AgNOR counts and ER contents, and induce atypical hyperplasia and ultrastructural changes of mammary gland, hence becoming a latent risk factor of breast cancer. However, the results failed to suggest that the contraceptive, CoNET, could increase the risk of breast cancer.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

[Kinetics of receptor-mediated radiotoxicity of 16alpha-[125I]-iodostradiol-3,17beta].

AIM: The radiocytotoxic effects in estrogen receptor (ER) containing MCF-7 cells of a mamma carcinoma were investigated following incubation with [125I]E ranging from 1 h to 24 h. METHODS: The receptor status of the cells was confirmed by immunohistochemical staining. The accumulation of [125I]E in MCF-7 cells was tested in the presence and absence of radioinert E and [127I]E and in ER-negative cells in comparison to ER-positive cells. The subcellular distribution was investigated in 0.25 M Saccharose by ultra centrifugation. The radiocytotoxicity was assessed in ER-positive and negative cells by a standard colony forming assay after incubating with [125I]E (1.85 kBq/ml-55.5 kBq/ml) for 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 h. RESULTS: A significant cytotoxicity was observed only when ER-rich MCF-7-cells were incubated with [125I]E alone. The maximal cytotoxic effect was a reduction of survival fraction to 20-25%. This was achieved at radioactivity concentrations > 37 kBq/ml. Maximal effect was seen after 8 h incubation, extension of incubation time did not further increase toxicity. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that the radioactivity was bound to ER. Through their nuclear localization radioestrogens tagged with radionuclides emitting very low energy electrons (Auger electrons) bear potential for therapy by ER-mediated deposition of lethal doses of ionizing radiation to single cells without affecting neighbouring cells. But, instead of 125I the shorter-living 123I shall be used for labelling because the deciding radiation effectes occur within the first 8 h.

Biological Transport↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Implementation and evaluation of an ambulatory exercise therapy based rehabilitation program for breast cancer patients].

Physical exercise does not only have positive effects on physical fitness but also on mental health. However, there has been little empirical study on effects of rehabilitation programmes based on physical exercise in cancer patients. We conducted a study to examine the interrelation between the participation of breast cancer patients in an exercise rehabilitation training and aspects of quality of life and physical fitness. 28 patients with not metastasized mamma carcinoma participated in a structured exercise rehabilitation program twice a week for ten weeks. Before and after the intervention the patients were asked to fill in questionnaires to assess their quality of life. At the same instants they underwent physical examination and a bicycle ergometry as well as a blood drawing. The training was aimed at changes at the social, emotional, as well as the motor physical level. Pre-post comparisons demonstrated an improvement in quality of life, such as decreased levels of depression and anxiety. Furthermore the women proved to show an obvious increase in physical fitness. Present results support an implementation of an exercise rehabilitation training for breast cancer outpatients.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1998

[The goals and possibilities of drug therapy in mastopathies (results of a questionnaire addressed to oncologists in various regions of Russia)].

The results of a questionnaire-based investigation involving 126 oncologists who treat mastopathy are presented. The study failed to establish any significant decrease in breast cancer morbidity as a result of treating mastopathy by medication. It was found that the whole problem of treatment and follow-up of dibraodenoma mammae needs to be re-considered.

Antineoplastic Agents↗