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Results for “Lymphatic Abnormalities”

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PubMed1991

Diagnosis and localization of laceration of the thoracic duct: usefulness of lymphangiography and CT.

The usefulness of lymphangiography and CT in the diagnosis and localization of laceration of the thoracic duct was evaluated in 12 patients with chylothorax or chylous ascites after surgery. Bipedal lymphangiography was performed in all 12 patients. The last four patients studied also had CT after lymphangiography. Seven patients had abnormal findings on lymphangiograms; five with leaks from the thoracic duct, one with a lymphocele in a nephrectomy bed, and one with obstructed intestinal lymphatic vessels after thoracotomy. Five patients had no evidence of lymphatic leakage. CT in one patient with evidence of a leak on lymphangiography showed extravasation of contrast medium into the mediastinum and pleural space. CT in three patients with no abnormalities on lymphangiography also showed no abnormalities. Four of the five thoracic duct lacerations and the lymphocele were confirmed surgically. The diagnosis of obstructed intestinal lymphatic vessels was supported clinically. Four of the five patients with normal findings on lymphangiograms had resolution of their pleural effusions and no evidence of recurrence during a follow-up period of 1-27 months. One patient with normal findings on lymphangiography had an alternative diagnosis established at surgery. Laceration of the thoracic duct was accurately diagnosed and localized with lymphangiography, which allowed definitive surgical repair. CT was of little additional value in diagnosing these injuries.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Evaluation of Chapman's neurolymphatic reflexes via applied kinesiology: a case report of low back pain and congenital intestinal abnormality.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the applied kinesiologic evaluation of Chapman's neurolymphatic (NL) reflexes in the management of a person with an unusual congenital bowel abnormality and its role in the manifestation of low back pain. The theoretical foundations of these reflexes will be elaborated on and practical applications discussed. CLINICAL FEATURES: A 29-year-old man had chronic low back pain. Radiographs of the patient's lumbar spine and pelvis were normal. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated a mild protrusion of the fifth lumbar disk. Oral anti-inflammatory agents, cortisone injections, and chiropractic manipulative therapy provided little relief. Though generally in robust health, the patient was aware of a congenital intestinal abnormality diagnosed when he was a child; it was thought to be of no consequence with regard to his current back condition. INTERVENTION AND OUTCOME: The patient's history, combined with applied kinesiology examination, indicated a need to direct treatment to the large bowel. The essential diagnostic indicators were the analysis of the Chapman's neurolymphatic reflexes themselves, coupled with an evaluation of the traditional acupuncture meridians. The primary prescribed therapy was the stimulation of these reflexes by the patient at home. This intervention resulted in the resolution of the patient's musculoskeletal symptomatology, as well as improved bowel function. CONCLUSION: The rather remarkable outcome from the application of this relatively simple, yet valuable, diagnostic and therapeutic procedure represents a thought-provoking impetus for future study and clinical application.

Acupuncture Points↗
PubMed1992

Magnetic resonance imaging of facial vascular anomalies.

In 36 patients, facial vascular anomalies were studied with 46 magnetic resonance (MR) examinations, 9 angiograms, and 5 computed tomographic scans. All lesions were categorized into classic pathologic groups on the basis of radiologic and pathologic studies, clinical examination, and behavior. Overall, 2 juvenile hemangiomas, 3 capillary malformations (port-wine stains), 18 venous malformations, 9 lymphatic malformations, and 4 arteriovenous malformations were found. MR imaging was superior to computed tomography and angiography for demonstrating the precise anatomic extent of the facial vascular anomalies and their relationship to the adjacent soft tissues but was inferior to computed tomography for demonstrating radiopaque structures such as trophic bone changes and phleboliths. MR imaging was also inferior to angiography in determining the nidus and the exact nature of collateral vascular structures in arteriovenous malformations. MR studies confirmed the clinically suspected diagnosis of facial vascular anomalies and demonstrated typical characteristics for each type of lesion. MR imaging is an ideal initial technique to triage patients with facial vascular anomalies for appropriate management, including observation, endovascular therapy, or surgical excision.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Autoimmune antibodies in chronic lymphatic leukaemia.

In chronic lymphocytic leukaemia a factor in patients' serum enhances the in vitro viability of the abnormal cells and this has been identified as an antibody. The activity of this factor can be removed by interaction with anti-immunoglobulin and by ammonium sulphate precipitation with a degree of saturation in excess of 46%. Cohn fractionation and chromatography with A-50 Sephadex show that the factor is not a complex but an immunoglobulin. No activity is removed after reaction of sera with 2-mercapto-ethanol and di-thiothreitol. The evidence therefore suggests that a gamma-G immunoglobulin is involved. Concentrated washings from the leukaemic cells behave in exactly the same way as patients' sera and activity is retained in the same fraction during precipitation and purification procedure. The extensive cross-reactivity of the sera suggests a common chronic lymphatic leukaemic antibody and it is considered that an active autoimmune response may be an integral part of the disease.

Autoantibodies↗
PubMed2004

Immature rats show ovulatory defects similar to those in adult rats lacking prostaglandin and progesterone actions.

Gonadotropin-primed immature rats (GPIR) constitute a widely used model for the study of ovulation. Although the equivalence between the ovulatory process in immature and adult rats is generally assumed, the morphological and functional characteristics of ovulation in immature rats have been scarcely considered. We describe herein the morphological aspects of the ovulatory process in GPIR and their response to classical ovulation inhibitors, such as the inhibitor of prostaglandin (PG) synthesis indomethacin (INDO) and a progesterone (P) receptor (PR) antagonist (RU486). Immature Wistar rats were primed with equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) at 21, 23 or 25 days of age, injected with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) 48 h later, and sacrificed 16 h after hCG treatment, to assess follicle rupture and ovulation. Surprisingly, GPIR showed age-related ovulatory defects close similar to those in adult rats lacking P and PG actions. Rats primed with eCG at 21 or 23 days of age showed abnormally ruptured corpora lutea in which the cumulus-oocyte complex (COC) was trapped or had been released to the ovarian interstitum, invading the ovarian stroma and blood and lymphatic vessels. Supplementation of immature rats with exogenous P and/or PG of the E series did not significantly inhibit abnormal follicle rupture. Otherwise, ovulatory defects were practically absent in rats primed with eCG at 25 days of age. GPIR treated with INDO showed the same ovulatory alterations than vehicle-treated ones, although affecting to a higher proportion of follicles. Blocking P actions with RU486 increased the number of COC trapped inside corpora lutea and decreased ovulation. The presence of ovulatory defects in GPIR, suggests that the capacity of the immature ovary to undergo the coordinate changes leading to effective ovulation is not fully established in Wistar rats primed with eCG before 25 days of age.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pediatric AIDS: comparative cranial MRI and CT scans.

Fourteen consecutive children (age range: 4 months to 11 years; median: 4 years) with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) were studied prospectively with cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and unenhanced computed tomography (CT). In 4 children, human immunodeficiency virus infection was transfusion-related, while in 10, transplacental transmission occurred. Twelve children had abnormal neurologic examinations; of these, 10 had developmental delay and 2 were normal by developmental history and neurologic examination. Standardized neuropsychologic tests were given to all children; 5 were in the normal range and 9 demonstrated significant delays in verbal or motor/perceptual development. All children with abnormal neuropsychologic results were developmentally delayed; however, in 2 infants with normal neuropsychologic assessments, developmental delay and abnormal neurologic examinations were documented. Brain parenchymal volume loss (8 patients) and cervical lymphatic hypertrophy (4 patients) were demonstrated equally well by MRI and CT. CT alone demonstrated striatal-thalamic calcification (1 patient), whereas MRI alone demonstrated delayed myelination (1 patient). The extent of focal white matter lesions in 1 patient was demonstrated better by MRI than by CT. No intracranial mass lesions were demonstrated; however, significant correlations were found between peripheral volume loss imaged by either MRI or CT and both verbal and performance scores. In our small series, MRI offered no apparent advantage over CT in evaluating children with AIDS. We suggest that CT alone is sufficiently sensitive in evaluating pediatric AIDS-related brain abnormalities.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1976

Lymphangiographic findings in Behçet's disease with lymphangiectasia of the small intestine.

Bipedal lymphography was performed in 5 cases of Behçet's disease. In 4 of 5 cases, histologic examination of intestinal biopsy specimens showed lymphatic dilatation of the small intestine which were considered to be a characteristic finding of intestinal lymphangiectasia, a protein-losing enteropathy, but no patient with Behçet's disease showed reduced concentration of serum total protein as well as abnormal value of 131I-PVP test. Lymphograms showed an increase in number of iliopelvic and lumbar lymphatic vessels as a major finding, but they failed to demonstrate a hypoplasia or aplasia of lymphatic system or obstruction of thoracic duct. It is conceivable that the lymphatic dilatation of the small intestine in Behçet's disease may be related to increased flow of lymph due to excessive vascular hyperpermeability and may not be related to a block of lymphatic system which has been considered to be a cause of enteric protein loss in intestinal lymphangiectasia. The authors wish to emphasize that the dilatation of lymphatic vessel of the small intestine is not a sufficient finding to indicate the presence of protein-losing enteropathy.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Fine structure of the choroidal coat of the avian eye. Lymphatic vessels.

PURPOSE: To clarify the fine structure of the avian choroid and thus help explain the mechanisms for normal and abnormal eye function and growth. METHODS: Eyes from normal chickens and from experimental chickens subjected to unilateral paracentesis were fixed either by perfusion or in situ, with or without post-fixation by microwave irradiation, and then processed for light and electron microscopic analysis. RESULTS: The avian choroid contains thin-walled lacunae, whose fine structure is identical to that of lymphatic vessels. The lacunae are much smaller toward the anterior chamber and the Schlemm's canal than posteriorly in the eye bulb. Large lacunae are situated primarily in the suprachoroidea, and their blind-ended capillary branches enter the choriocapillaris and the walls of large veins. The walls of the large veins contain villous structures that protrude into their lumina and are penetrated by thin lacunar branches and by side lines of the venous lumen. In normal chickens, the lacunae usually are devoid of blood cells. After paracentesis of the anterior eye chamber, the lacunae become filled with erythrocytes on the side that was operated on, but not on the contralateral side. CONCLUSIONS: The authors propose that the lacunae of the avian choroid represent a system of posterior short lymphatic vessels, which drain intraocular fluids directly into the eye's venous system, and that the villous structures are sites of communication between lacunae and veins. The demonstration of a choroidal lymphatic system opens new insights into the processes of fluid removal, control of intraocular pressure, and regulation of choroidal thickness in the avian eye under normal and experimental conditions.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Nonimmune idiopathic hydrops fetalis and congenital lymphatic dysplasia.

Six newborns that presented at birth with nonimmune hydrops fetalis and for whom no cause could be found were investigated for the presence of lymphatic dysplasia. Careful analysis led to findings of some degree of lymphatic dysplasia in all patients. This suggests that lymphatic dysplasia may represent at least part of the causes that are responsible for the "idiopathic" form of nonimmune hydrops fetalis. Carefully searching for lymphatic dysplasia in these patients, and if indicated in their relatives, as well as establishing the exact nature of the lymphatic dysplasia must be carried out so as to provide proper genetic counseling to families with nonimmune hydrops.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1991

Increased capillary permeability to albumin and diabetic neuropathy.

An increase in the capillary permeability to albumin (CPA) has been reported in diabetic patients. We observed this frequently with a non-invasive isotopic test derived from the Landis method, using 99mTc-albumin and measuring residual radioactivity externally after removal of forearm venous compression. Evidence of the independent effects of hypertension and microangiopathy on CPA has already been found. The present work was designed to investigate CPA using the same test on diabetic patients without retinopathy and clinical proteinuria. Some of these patients had objective clinical distal and symmetrical polyneuropathy. Neuropathy was clearly present in 10 of the 11 patients with an abnormal test unexplained by causes other than diabetes and in only one of the 17 patients with a normal test. The most frequent abnormality affected the late radioactivity disappearance curve, which probably reflects an impaired lymphatic wash-out of interstitial albumin. These results strongly suggest a link between peripheral neuropathy and diabetic functional microangiopathy. An elevated blood flow secondary to sympathetic nerve failure may induce an increase in CPA and a saturation of lymphatic pumping which could also be deficient due to impaired lymphatic innervation.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Cystic hygroma colli as the first echographic sign of the fetal akinesia sequence.

We report first trimester cystic hygroma colli with subsequent resolution and development of a fetal akinesia deformation sequence. Neuropathological examination of the brain showed intra- and extracellular white matter edema while spinal cord, peripheral nerves and muscles were normal. Hygroma colli as the first echographic sign of subsequent severe fetal akinesia sequence without muscular dystrophy as seen in the Lethal Multiple Pterygium syndrome has not been previously reported.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗