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PubMed1964

THE CDC-CDCR DOCUMENTATION PROJECT.

A progress report on an experiment in mechanized methods for the storage and retrieval of communicable diseases information. The project, supported by National Institutes of Health grants and begun in 1958, is being conducted by the Center for Documentation and Communication Research (CDCR), School of Library Science, Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, in cooperation with the Communicable Disease Center (CDC), United States Public Health Service, Atlanta, Georgia. Initial phases have been completed. Seventy-seven questions submitted by the CDC Documentation Committee have been searched by CDCR on their GE-225 computer. For seventy-three of the seventy-seven questions, the system responded with at least one appropriate answer. The combined pertinent and peripheral responses totaled 94.7 percent. The file of abstracted literature is being increased preparatory to large-scale testing. Further investigation and evaluation are necessary before the project can be fairly appraised.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Improving marital relationships: strategies for the family physician.

BACKGROUND: Marital conflict and divorce are prevalent in our society, and patients frequently ask family physicians to assist them with marital difficulties. These difficulties are often associated with a decline in health, resulting in additional stress to the marital unit. METHODS: A MEDLINE search was undertaken using the key words "family medicine," "marital therapy," "marital counseling," "brief psychotherapy," and "short-term psychotherapy." The bibliographies of generated articles were searched for additional references. The authors used the resources of their individual behavioral science libraries, as well as their clinical experiences. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: With adequate training, many family physicians can include marital counseling skills in their clinical repertoires. Family life cycle theory provides a framework for understanding the common stresses of marital life and also guides the family physician in recommending strategies to improve marital satisfaction. The physician's role is twofold: (1) to identify couples in crisis, and (2) to provide preventive strategies geared to assist couples in achieving pre-crisis equilibrium or higher levels of functioning. For physicians whose practices do not include marital counseling, an understanding of the basic techniques can be beneficial in effectively referring appropriate couples for marital therapy.

Counseling↗
PubMed2003

Delivering Internet health resources to an underserved health care profession: school nurses.

PURPOSE: This paper reports on a course developed for school nurses. The course focused on locating reliable and high-quality medical information resources on the Internet. SETTING/PARTICIPANTS/RESOURCES: The Health Sciences Library System (HSLS) of the University of Pittsburgh formed a partnership with the Pennsylvania Association of School Nurses and Practitioners (PASNAP). Through this partnership, a hands-on course was offered at the PASNAP annual conference. BRIEF DESCRIPTION: As one component of the Health Information for the Public Project, a subcontract of the National Library of Medicine, HSLS collaborated with PASNAP. This collaboration resulted in HSLS librarians' offering a course titled "Access to Electronic Health Information for School Nurses" at PASNAP's annual conference. This paper describes the school nurse population, their professional information needs, and the development of the course curriculum. RESULTS/OUTCOME: This course provided participants with the skills to effectively utilize the Internet to locate high-quality medical information. EVALUATION METHOD: A course evaluation and impact survey were used to assess the effectiveness of the instruction.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed1992

Increases in knowledge and use of information technology by entering medical students at McMaster University in successive annual surveys.

OBJECTIVE: To determine self-reported microcomputer and information technology competency, access, and usage by entering medical students and their perceptions of the need for training in additional applications. DESIGN: Cross-sectional surveys of successive classes. SETTING: McMaster University Faculty of Health Sciences Medical Undergraduate Program, which has a 33-month, problem-based, self-directed learning curriculum and a high applicant-to-student ratio. PARTICIPANTS: Medical school classes entering in 1987, 1988, and 1989. Response rates were 80%, 90%, and 86% respectively. MEASURES: A self-report questionnaire was sent to each student, with up to two follow-up letters to prompt a response. RESULTS: There was a progressive rise in reported information technology access and use for the three years. For the classes starting in 1987, '88, and '89 respectively, computer access was 29%, 49%, and 49% (P < 0.002 for linear trend), and, among those with computer access, modem access was 17%, 29% and 50% (P = 0.012). Self-service MEDLINE use on CD-ROM at the Health Sciences Library was 65%, 75%, and 89% respectively (P < 0.001) for all respondents within the first few months of starting medical school. Over 50% of each class stated they would take courses, if available, on clinical applications software, office management, online searching, filing, and CD-ROM searching. CONCLUSIONS: Half of the most recent entering students already had access to a personal computer and most wished to learn computer applications that would assist them with patient management, and with information access and organization. Medical schools need to address which applications they will teach or make available and how to bring all students to acceptable competency in their use.

Computer Literacy↗
PubMed2004

What words and where? Applying usability testing techniques to name a new live reference service.

OBJECTIVE: A user-focused design approach was taken to develop a new "live reference" service at the Health Sciences Library, University of Saskatchewan. The name of the service, the placement of the links, and the design of a graphical button were seen as key elements in creating service awareness and its subsequent use. METHODS: To ensure library users recognized and understood the label for the new service, selected library users were given an opportunity to choose a phrase that would best describe the service. The top two preferred phrases were then placed on the library Web pages as text and graphic images for further testing. Some pages had links in multiple locations to determine which placement worked best. Task-based usability testing was carried out with participants who were unaware of the new service. Participants were observed as they completed seven Website tasks arranged in increasing levels of difficulty to see whether they would notice the live reference service and seek assistance. RESULTS: The high level of recognition and use of the service indicate that the label name and link placement were effective with library Website users. CONCLUSIONS: Using user-centered design methodology helped ensure that the new live reference service was visible and used and demonstrated the effectiveness of the user-centered design approach for adding new services to an existing Website.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed2004

Mapping Japanese medical terms to UMLS Metathesaurus.

This paper introduces and reports the results for a project to map Japanese medical terms to the UMLS Metathesaurus. The "Thesaurus for Medical and Health related Terms version 5" published in 2003 by the Japan Medical Abstracts Society and UMLS version 2002AC provided by NLM were used in this study. The goal was to judge the validity of the correlation between the Japanese and English terms that belong to the same MeSH concept. Fifteen medicine, nursing, and library science professionals, excluding JAMAS, used a custom designed Web interface to perform this task. About 10% of the concepts were judged as invalid, and the reasoning behind these failures were analyzed. Experience from this project can be used to estimate the manpower required to revise the Japanese thesaurus after future revisions to UMLS or MeSH.

Internet↗
PubMed2005

Understanding the foundation: the state of generalist search education in library schools as related to the needs of expert searchers in medical libraries.

PURPOSE: The paper explores the current state of generalist search education in library schools and considers that foundation in respect to the Medical Library Association's statement on expert searching. SETTING/SUBJECTS: Syllabi from courses with significant searching components were examined from ten of the top library schools, as determined by the U.S. News & World Report rankings. METHODOLOGY: Mixed methods were used, but primarily quantitative bibliometric methods were used. RESULTS: The educational focus in these searching components was on understanding the generalist searching resources and typical users and on performing a reflective search through application of search strategies, controlled vocabulary, and logic appropriate to the search tool. There is a growing emphasis on Web-based search tools and a movement away from traditional set-based searching and toward free-text search strategies. While a core set of authors is used in these courses, no core set of readings is used. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION: While library schools provide a strong foundation, future medical librarians still need to take courses that introduce them to the resources, settings, and users associated with medical libraries. In addition, as more emphasis is placed on Web-based search tools and free-text searching, instructors of the specialist medical informatics courses will need to focus on teaching traditional search methods appropriate for common tools in the medical domain.

Curriculum↗
PubMed1974

1974 meeting in san antonio.

San Antonio will be the site of the 1974 MLA Annual Meeting, and the program will emphasize expanding the role of health science libraries. Tours, as well as activities available in San Antonio, are described. The Convention Center itself, and the convention hotel, the Hilton Palacio del Rio, are mentioned, and other accommodations are listed. Social events are discussed, and the city's many interesting restaurants are noted.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2005

Community-based organizations' perspective on health information outreach: a panel discussion.

OBJECTIVE: A panel was convened to elicit guidance for librarians in initiating and implementing community-based health information outreach. PARTICIPANTS: Participants included a panel of individuals from communities or community organizations who represented the types of groups with which librarians or information specialists need to interact and an audience who represented health sciences libraries, public libraries, academic institutions, government agencies, funding agencies, and community-based organizations and could contribute to a discussion on community-based health information outreach. PROGRAM: The panel was presented with a hypothetical community setting and asked to respond to a series of questions: What do librarians need to learn about the community before they make their visits? What methods of outreach have been successful in your work? How would you implement and sustain a health information program in your community? How would health information interventions reduce racial and ethnic disparities in health? MAIN RESULTS: The panel helped to frame many of the issues that may confront librarians as they initiate information-related programs in communities. CONCLUSION: There is clear consensus on the need for librarians to make the effort to reach out into the community, to make the contacts, to seek to understand the community, to talk with leaders, and to respect the community as they promote and teach the use of health information resources. It was confirmed that librarians and libraries have an important role in diminishing health disparities by improving access to health information.

Community-Institutional Relations↗
PubMed2006

Information-seeking behavior and use of information resources by clinical research coordinators.

PURPOSE: The study sought to understand the literature searching experiences and skills of clinical research coordinators at a large academic medical center. SETTING/PARTICIPANTS/RESOURCES: The Health Sciences Library System, University of Pittsburgh, conducted a survey of clinical research coordinators at the University of Pittsburgh and the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center to solicit their perceived use and knowledge of the library's electronic resources. BRIEF DESCRIPTION: The University of Pittsburgh Institutional Review Board (IRB) is a "high volume IRB" that monitors human subject research at both the University of Pittsburgh and the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center. More than 3,500 human research studies and clinical trials are active at any given time. Many studies entail more than minimal risk to human subjects, with the majority evaluating or including a drug or medical device. Clinical research coordinators are involved in most of these studies or trials. Their roles and responsibilities focus on managing many aspects of the study or clinical trial. As a first step in understanding the literature searching experiences and skills of these research coordinators, baseline data were gathered from this group in November 2004. RESULTS/OUTCOME: The data from this survey indicate that clinical research coordinators are a population who would benefit from training by academic medical center librarians in how to use electronic library resources and services. EVALUATION METHOD: A Web-based survey solicited participants' information (gender, education, job title) and role in the IRB process (job responsibilities, number studies they manage). The majority of the survey questions focused on the use of specific electronic library resources, the type of information wanted, and the types of problems encountered.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed2006

[Practice pattern and geographic variation in test ordering. A literature review].

OBJECTIVE: To review the available research results in order to identify evidence about geographical variation and practice variation in primary care in the diagnostic test ordering. METHODS: Electronic databases, Medline, Cochrane Library, Science Direct, and Ingenta Select were used to find relevant English language publication between 1989 and 2004. Hand search and the reference lists search for publications were also applied. In addition, researchers were also contacted for publications. Quality of the studies were assessed by using criteria such as sound description of research methodology, detailed and clear presentation of study results. RESULTS: There is a significant (2-4 fold) variation in laboratory test ordering between countries as well as between regions and praxis. There is larger (10-20 fold or more) variation between regions and praxis in the case of diagnostic tests which clinical usefulness is uncertain. The variation between diagnostic test ordering can be larger than variation between medical treatments or invasive interventions. Both geographical and praxis variation could be a result of multiple factors. None of the examined single factor alone was able to explain most of the variations. CONCLUSIONS: Variation in diagnostic test utilisation is significant, and could be caused by multiple factors. Optimisation of diagnostic test ordering and promotion of appropriate utilisation may require multifaceted intervention throughout the health system including changes in regulation, licensing, available capacity, reimbursement/incentive systems and continuous medical education as well as better patient information.

Diagnostic Tests, Routine↗
PubMed1991

Managing Medical Logic Modules.

A key element of IAIMS development at the Columbia Presbyterian Medical Center (CPMC) is the Medical Logic Module (MLM), designed to provide decision support to clinical users. A standard has been established for MLMs, and a number of institutions have agreed in principle to share them. At CPMC, MLMs are under development and MLMs from other institutions are being reviewed. The Columbia Health Sciences Library has developed a management system for MLMs which supports both internal development and sharing of MLMs among institutions. This paper describes the elements of the MLM management system.

Artificial Intelligence↗
PubMed1991

Developing a quality assurance program for online services.

A quality assurance (QA) program provides not only a mechanism for establishing training and competency standards, but also a method for continuously monitoring current service practices to correct shortcomings. The typical QA cycle includes these basic steps: select subject for review, establish measurable standards, evaluate existing services using the standards, identify problems, implement solutions, and reevaluate services. The Claude Moore Health Sciences Library (CMHSL) developed a quality assurance program for online services designed to evaluate services against specific criteria identified by research studies as being important to customer satisfaction. These criteria include reliability, responsiveness, approachability, communication, and physical factors. The application of these criteria to the library's existing online services in the quality review process is discussed with specific examples of the problems identified in each service area, as well as the solutions implemented to correct deficiencies. The application of the QA cycle to an online services program serves as a model of possible interventions. The use of QA principles to enhance online service quality can be extended to other library service areas.

Computer Systems↗