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PubMed1991

Characterization of marker chromosomes in Namalva cells by chromosomal in situ suppression (CISS) hybridization and R-banding.

Chromosomal in situ suppression (CISS) hybridization was used to investigate the distribution of material of chromosomes 1 and 5 present in marker chromosomes of Namalva cells. The Namalva cell line, established from a Burkitt's lymphoma, exhibits a highly variable female karyotype with a large number of marker chromosomes. Libraries from sorted human chromosomes 1 and 5 were used to delineate material of these chromosomes present in the Namalva karyotype. We used the DAB/peroxidase reaction and reflection contrast microscopy for detection of biotinylated hybrid molecules. Identification of chromosomes was achieved by fluorescent R-banding after CISS hybridization, which allowed the assignment of hybridized regions to the particular marker chromosomes. After CISS hybridization with a chromosome I library, the normal chromosome I was labelled as well as a large marker MI and the long arm of marker M3. Using a chromosome 5 library it could be shown that the distal part of the long arm of one chromosome 5 was translocated to marker M2. The normal chromosome 5 was completely labelled. The present investigation demonstrates the advantage of combining CISS hybridization and banding for the identification of complex, rearranged tumor karyotypes.

Burkitt Lymphoma↗
PubMed2006

Review of pesticide education materials for health care providers providing care to agricultural workers.

CONTEXT: Pesticide exposure is an important environmental and occupational health risk for agricultural workers and their families, but health care providers receive little training in it. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the medical resources available to providers caring for patients, particularly farmworkers, exposed to pesticides and to recommend a selective bibliography for use in educating clinicians about pesticides and health care. These resources are divided into 3 domains: (1) the working knowledge, (2) the skill set, and (3) the references needed to care for these patients. METHODS: We searched library databases dating back to 1995, as well as conference materials and Internet resources. Materials were included only if they were readily available through customary sources. Materials were randomly divided into 2 groups. Two authors wrote detailed reviews for each group. The remaining authors read each document and review, making changes that were agreed upon by the team. Review procedures were standardized to examine the contemporary relevance, quality, and overall strengths and weaknesses of the material relative to guidelines developed for each domain. These guidelines were developed from the authors' experience, national focus groups, and literature review. RESULTS: While no 1 resource adequately addresses all needs, a number of resources were identified addressing the categories of working knowledge, skill set, and reference materials. Few of the reviewed materials address the cultural competence of providers treating farmworkers. Additional education resources are needed.

Agriculture↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Setup for high-throughput impedance screening of gas-sensing materials.

This paper reports on the setup for a high-throughput impedance measurement system that allows rapid screening of the electrical and dielectrical properties of solid-state sample libraries in variable atmospheres and temperatures. Using multielectrode arrays, most time-consuming steps in the workflow are parallelized. In addition, an approach for automated data evaluation of impedance spectra is presented. For reasons of verification of robust measuring results and reproducibility, screening results of a sample library composed of doped indium(III) oxide as a resistive-type gas-sensing material are discussed on the basis of the determined sensitivities focusing temperature and testing gas gradients.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2001

[Printed material distributed by pharmaceutical propaganda agents].

Pharmaceutical sales representatives (drug reps) frequently visit 70% to 90% of physicians during their daily clinical practice and many consider the promotional printed material to be a major source of clinical information. We evaluated samples of the promotional printed material distributed to physicians by drug reps in order to determine whether the data contained in the promotional material is correct and supported by references accessible in Argentina. A consecutive sample of all the promotional material distributed by drug reps in the general internal medicine program (Hospital de Clínicas) was collected between March 15 and April 15, 2000. Reprints and monographs were excluded. Clinical information was reviewed by two general internists and compared to information in a major pharmacology textbook and in an electronic medical information program. References cited were reviewed for correct listing and accessibility in any of the four major medical libraries in Buenos Aires. Of the sixty-four pieces of promotional material collected, thirty were randomly selected and evaluated. In twenty one (70%) the therapeutic effect promoted in advertisement appeared in Goodman & Gilman's 9th edition textbook of pharmacology, in the pharmacology section of the Up-to-Date version 8.1 or in both. Only eighteen (60%) of the thirty promotional printed material evaluated had statements supported by cited references. From a total of 131 references cited in promotional materials, sixty (46%) were incorrectly listed according to the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors. These references were inaccessible. Of the 71 references correctly cited, 49 (69%) were not available in any of the four major medical libraries in Buenos Aires and 8 were available in only two of the libraries. Twenty-two references were reviewed, and in twelve of these (54%), the objective of the research study concurred with the statement of the promotional printed material. Adverse reactions, warnings about drug interactions and contraindications were absent from all promotional printed material. It can be concluded that the promotional printed material distributed by the drug reps in Buenos Aires are biased and provide misinformation more often than not. We recommend that practicing physicians routinely disregard promotional printed material as a source of clinical information.

Advertising↗
PubMed2005

Peptide and peptidomimetic chiral selectors in liquid chromatography.

The application of peptide and peptidomimetic chiral selectors in LC is reviewed in this article. In particular, methods for finding these types of selectors using combinatorial library approaches are discussed, as well as recent advances in the use of peptides and peptidomimetics as general chiral selectors for LC. In terms of the library approaches, batch screening and reciprocal screening are discussed. As for general chiral selectors, one example involves the application of chiral diamide phases. Another example shows the versatility of oligoproline chiral stationary phases, which exhibit resolution for a number of racemic analytes, comparable to other well-established chiral stationary phases.

Biomimetic Materials↗
PubMed1991

Construction and regional localization of clones from a NotI linking library from human chromosome 17q.

A NotI linking library was constructed from a somatic cell hybrid containing chromosome 17q as its only human material. A total of 112 human clones were assigned to nine regions of 17q using a somatic cell hybrid mapping panel. The library includes clones that detect the acute promyelocytic leukemia and von Recklinghausen neurofibromatosis translocation breakpoints at 17q11.2-12 and 17q11.2, respectively, on pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. The mapped clones represent over 50% of the estimated number of NotI sites on 17q, and therefore constitute an important resource for long-distance mapping.

Chromosome Mapping↗
PubMed2000

The organization and distribution of patient education materials in family medicine practices.

BACKGROUND: Millions of dollars are spent annually on the production and distribution of patient education materials; however, there are no studies describing their actual use by physicians. Using qualitative data from a large comparative case study, our analysis evaluates how patient education materials are organized and used in family practices. METHODS: Eighteen purposefully selected family medicine practices were directly observed for 4 to 12 weeks each. A total of 57 providers were shadowed by a research nurse, and detailed field notes on 1600 patient encounters were recorded. A 3-member analysis team reviewed the qualitative data and identified emergent patterns. RESULTS: Clinics' use of patient education materials fell mostly into 2 distinct patterns. "Stockpilers" were providers who relied on the clinic staff to develop and organize a common library of patient education handouts. Providers with a "personal stash" collected much smaller numbers of materials that they personally maintained. Providers in the latter group had a known repertoire of a limited amount of educational material and used it more often than providers with access to a greater variety and number of handouts. In all practices, providers distributed most handouts; staff and self-selection by patients played a minor role. CONCLUSIONS: It appears that provider involvement and familiarity with patient education materials are key to their use in clinical practice. Clinicians use written patient education materials most efficiently by personally selecting and maintaining a small number of handouts that address topics most relevant to their practice.

Family Practice↗
PubMed2002

Chemical biology of dynamic combinatorial libraries.

Dynamic combinatorial chemistry (DCC) is a recently introduced supramolecular approach to generate libraries of chemical compounds based on reversible exchange processes. The building elements are spontaneously and reversibly assembled to virtually encompass all possible combinations, allowing for simple one-step generation of complex libraries. The method has been applied to a variety of combinatorial systems, ranging from synthetic models to materials science and drug discovery, and enables the establishment of adaptive processes due to the dynamic interchange of the library constituents and its evolution toward the best fit to the target. In particular, it has the potential to become a useful tool in the direct screening of ligands to a chosen receptor without extensive prior knowledge of the site structure, and several biological systems have been targeted. In the vast field of glycoscience, the concept may find special perspective in response to the highly complex nature of carbohydrate-protein interactions. This chapter summarises studies that have been performed using DCC in biological systems, with special emphasis on glycoscience.

Carbohydrates↗
PubMed2001

Noncovalent Synthesis Using Hydrogen Bonding.

Hydrogen bonds are like human beings in the sense that they exhibit typical grouplike behavior. As an individual they are feeble, easy to break, and sometimes hard to detect. However, when acting together they become much stronger and lean on each other. This phenomenon, which in scientific terms is called cooperativity, is based on the fact that "1+1 is more than 2". By using this principle, chemists have developed a wide variety of chemically stable structures that are based on the reversible formation of multiple hydrogen bonds. More than 20 years of fundamental studies on these phenomena have gradually developed into a new discipline within the field of organic synthesis, and is nowadays called "noncovalent synthesis". This review describes noncovalent synthesis based on the reversible formation of multiple hydrogen bonds. Starting with a thorough description of what the "hydrogen bond" really is, it guides the reader through a variety of bimolecular and higher order assemblies and exemplifies the general principles that determine their stability. Special focus is given to reversible capsules based on hydrogen-bonding interactions that exhibit interesting encapsulation phenomena. Furthermore, the role of hydrogen-bond formation in self-replicating processes is actively discussed, and finally the review briefly summarizes the development of novel materials (nanotubes, liquid crystals, polymers, etc.) and principles (dynamic libraries) that recently have emanated from this intriguing field of research.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2002

Medical Image Resource Center 2002: an update on the RSNA's Medical Image Resource Center.

The Radiological Society of North America has launched a project called the Medical Image Resource Center (MIRC) to establish a community of Web-based libraries of imaging information, including teaching files, other educational materials, and research data. This system would enable radiologic professionals to create and publish such materials more easily and to gain more convenient access to new and existing materials. An overview of the project, a brief summary of the overall requirements and objectives, and a brief description of the progress and ongoing plans for MIRC are presented.

Humans↗
PubMed1985

Immunophenotypic classification of lymphoblastic leukaemia and lymphocytic lymphoma--an experience in the south-western area of the Cape Province of South Africa.

Adequate tumour material was obtained for phenotypic classification using a standard library of monoclonal antibodies from 81 previously untreated patients with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL), or lymphocytic lymphoma (LL). Sixty-one individuals were adults and 20 were children of 14 yr or younger. Fifty-eight of the patients (72%) had acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and the remaining 23 (28%) had chronic lymphocytic leukaemia or lymphocytic lymphoma. Considering only the patients with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (n = 58) the median age was 19 yr (range 3-69 yr): 9% were black, 43% were coloured, 48% were white, and the distribution between adult (n = 38) and paediatric patients (n = 20) was comparable. Complete remission rate in the adults was 58% and in the paediatric group 85%. For the total group (n = 58) median duration of survival was 59 weeks for common, 39 weeks for null, 63 weeks for T-ALL, and 13 weeks for B-ALL subtypes. In both the common and the null groups overall and disease-free survival was superior in the children. In contrast, no difference was evident in the T-ALL group, which was also notable for its high incidence in young coloured males. The 15 patients with CLL and eight with LL were adults and all the cells were phenotypically of B lineage: in view of the small numbers no comments are possible about ethnic differences. A multi-centre collaborative study is needed to define the epidemiology of haematologic malignancy in South Africa, with emphasis on differences among ethnically distinct subpopulations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Human chromosome 17 NotI linking clones and their use in long-range restriction mapping of the Miller-Dieker chromosome region (MDCR) in 17p13.3.

A NotI linking library constructed from flow-sorted human chromosome 17 material was screened to aid in construction of a long-range restriction map of the Miller-Dieker chromosome region (MDCR) in 17p13.3. A total of 66 clones were mapped to one of eight regions of chromosome 17 using a somatic cell hybrid panel, and 44/66 (67%) of these clones cross-hybridized to rodent DNA on Southern blots. Of these, 24 clones were tested and all mapped to mouse chromosome 11, the homolog of human chromosome 17. Four linking clones mapped to 17p13.3 and were used for pulsed-field gel electrophoresis studies along with six other anonymous probes previously mapped to this region. Clone L132 was found to be deleted in all Miller-Dieker patients tested (n = 15) and therefore lies within the critical region for this disorder. It detects two NotI fragments (180 and 320 kb), one of which (320 kb) was shared by YNZ22 and YNH37, two probes previously shown to be co-deleted in all patients with the Miller-Dieker syndrome (MDS). These results indicate that all MDS patients share a minimum deletion region of greater than 370 kb. Two other NotI clones, L53 and L125, mapped telomeric to the MDS critical region and share a 600-kb MluI fragment with each other and with YNZ22/YNH37. This provides a 930-kb MluI map that encompasses the distal boundary of the MDS critical region but does not include the proximal boundary. A total of over 2 Mbp is represented in the MluI fragments by probes in subband p13.3, a cytogenetic region estimated to be 3-4 Mbp.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed2004

Genome-scale, biochemical annotation method based on the wheat germ cell-free protein synthesis system.

Since the complete genomic DNA sequencing of various species, attention has turned to the structural properties, and functional characteristics of proteins. Current cell-free protein expression systems from eukaryotes are capable of synthesizing proteins with high speed and accuracy; however, the yields are low due to their instability over time. This report reviews the high-throughput, genome-scale biochemical annotation method based on the cell-free system prepared from wheat embryos. We first briefly reviewed our highly efficient and robust wheat germ cell-free protein synthesis system, and then showed an application of the system for materialization and characterization of genetic information taking a cDNA library of protein kinase from Arabidopsis thaliana as an example. The procedure consists of: (1) fusion of the gene-of-interest to a purification-tag, amplified by the split-primer PCR method; (2) transcription and purification of mRNA; (3) cell-free protein synthesis in the bilayer system using 96-well titer plate; (4) affinity purification and activity measurement. We took 439 cDNAs encoding kinases among 1064 genes annotated so far, and they were translated in parallel into protein. Subsequent assay revealed 207 products having autophosphorylation activity. Furthermore, seven proteins out of 26 calcium-dependent protein kinase genes tested did phosphorylate a synthetic peptide substrate in the presence of calcium ion, demonstrating that the translation products, retained their substrate specificity. The information on biochemical function of gene products accumulated should revolutionize our understanding of biology and fundamentally alter the practice of medicine and influence other industries as well.

Arabidopsis↗
PubMed2002

Monoclonal antibody 9C4 recognizes epithelial cellular adhesion molecule, a cell surface antigen expressed in early steps of erythropoiesis.

OBJECTIVE: Monoclonal antibody (mAb) 9C4 detects a surface antigen expressed on immature erythroid progenitor cells and epithelial tumor cell lines. The aim of this study was to identify the recognized surface antigen and to analyze a potential role of this molecule in early steps of erythropoiesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A pituitary-derived retroviral cDNA library was used to generate viruses and infect NIH-3T3 fibroblasts. The transfected cells were stained with mAb 9C4; positive cells were sorted by FACS; and a clonal cell line binding mAb 9C4 was established. cDNA encoding the 9C4-binding protein was amplified by polymerase chain reaction and cloned. Reactivity of mAb 9C4 with human bone marrow (BM) cells was analyzed by flow cytometry. RESULTS: Sequence analysis of the isolated cDNA uncovered a 100% identity with the epithelial cellular adhesion molecule (Ep-CAM). Two-color flow cytometric analysis revealed that almost 100% of Ep-CAM(+) BM cells coexpressed CD105, E-cadherin, and high levels of CD71. Fractions of Ep-CAM(+) BM cells also were CD34(+) but lacked glycophorin A expression, suggesting that Ep-CAM(+) cells represent immature erythroid cells. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analysis of BM mononuclear cells revealed that the 9C4(+) erythroblast population but not the 9C4(-) fraction expressed Ep-CAM mRNA. Peripheral blood CD34(+) cells induced in vitro to differentiate into the erythroid lineage showed strong Ep-CAM expression on days 3 to 7 of culture. The addition of Ep-CAM-specific mAbs 9C4 or KS1/4 to the culture resulted in two- to three-fold up-regulation of Ep-CAM protein expression. CONCLUSION: mAb 9C4 recognizes Ep-CAM, a molecule expressed in the early steps of erythropoiesis.

3T3 Cells↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Scientific evidence on labor duration from systematic reviews].

OBJECTIVE: We examined the evidence of systematic reviews in the Cochrane Library on interventions that influence the duration of labor. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Of the 208 Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth systematic reviews, 69 deal with labor and birth of which 20 address the effect of intrapartum interventions. We analyzed the reviews with respect to those interventions that affected the duration of birth. RESULTS: Six reviews, related to 5 interventions (amniotomy, epidural analgesia, continuous support, amnioinfusion, and maternal position), reported a significant effect on the duration of labor. Six found no significant effect on labor duration. The remaining eight reviews did not assess the effect of the intervention on labor duration. DISCUSSION: Interventions that have a significant influence on labor duration may interact with each other. Therefore, perinatal databases should ascertain not only if but also when an intervention has been performed.

Adult↗
PubMed2026

Efficacy and safety of JAK inhibitors for vitiligo: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Purpose: Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors are a promising therapeutic option for vitiligo, but previous meta-analyses have focused mainly on topical ruxolitinib versus placebo. Newer randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating oral agents and head-to-head comparisons with active treatments have not been comprehensively synthesized. Materials and methods: We searched PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science to 11 March 2026. Eligible RCTs evaluated JAK inhibitor monotherapy versus placebo or active comparators. Two reviewers screened records, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias using RoB 2.0. The primary outcome was F-VASI75. Meta-analyses used fixed-effect or random-effects models. GRADE assessed certainty of evidence. Results: Nine RCTs (1826 patients) were included. JAK inhibitors increased F-VASI75 versus placebo (RR 4.59, 95% CI 3.20-6.59; p&#xa0;<&#xa0;0.001). For F-VASI50, they were superior to tacrolimus (RR 1.88, 95% CI 1.02-3.45) but not significantly different from dexamethasone (RR 2.17, 95% CI 0.95-4.94). Serious adverse events were comparable between groups (RR 1.15, 95% CI 0.57-2.33). Evidence certainty was moderate. Conclusions: JAK inhibitors are effective and well tolerated for vitiligo. Topical ruxolitinib is supported as a first-line option for limited facial disease; oral agents show promise but require longer-term safety data.

Humans↗
PubMed2006

Tobacco industry sponsorship of a book and conflict of interest.

AIM: The tobacco industry has hidden its involvement in the design, conduct and publication of scientific research articles and has used the articles to argue against tobacco regulation. The objective of this study is to examine tobacco industry involvement in the development of scientific books. DESIGN: Qualitative analysis of previously secret internal tobacco industry documents retrieved from the Legacy Tobacco Documents Library (http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu). Information from the documents was supplemented with material from Internet searches, the National Center for Biotechnology Information Pubmed database and interviews with individuals involved in book publication. FINDINGS: Between 1997 and 1999 the tobacco industry sponsored a monograph, entitled 'Analytical Determination of Nicotine and Related Compounds and their Metabolites', that examined the measurement and metabolism of nicotine. The tobacco industry recruited Elsevier Science to publish the monograph. Tobacco industry executives, lawyers and scientists reviewed the chapters. One use of the monograph was to stimulate collaborative efforts between academic and tobacco industry scientists. Another was to provide the book to a government regulatory agency reviewing the teratogenic effects of nicotine. CONCLUSION: Our findings show the breadth of tobacco industry engagement in scientific knowledge production and dissemination, and its motives for sponsoring scientific literature. The industry's effort to gain credibility through collaboration with academic scientists raises questions regarding the ethics of accepting tobacco industry funding for publication. Scientists who collaborate on publications sponsored by the tobacco industry must consider the full implications of these joint efforts.

Authorship↗
PubMed2005

Serological identification of adult T-cell leukaemia-associated antigens.

Adult T-cell leukaemia (ATL) is a peripheral T-cell neoplasm caused by human T-cell leukaemia virus type I (HTLV-I). Several clinical observations suggest that some tumour-associated antigens in ATL may be recognised by the immune system. In this study, we performed the serological screening of an expression library to identify ATL-associated antigens by using materials from a unique ATL patient with long-term stable disease. Among five distinct genes isolated, serine/arginine protein kinase 1 (SRPK1), which has been reported to have a restricted normal tissue distribution, was found to be overexpressed in most acute type ATL samples, but not in chronic type ATL or in normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Interestingly, the overexpression of SRPK1 in aggressive types of ATL was more exclusively observed at the protein level than at the mRNA level. Autologous antibody to SRPK1 was confirmed in the ATL patient using Western blot analysis with plasma, but not detected in asymptomatic HTLV-I carriers or in healthy volunteers. These results indicate that SRPK1 may be useful for the development of therapeutic and diagnostic methods for patients with ATL.

Adult↗