Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Lactation Disorders”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 523 records · Page 29Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

The financial and production impacts of bovine dermatophilosis in Zambia.

During October to December 1986, 365 traditional cattle herds in four provinces in Zambia were inspected and the owners interviewed. Information was collected on the treatment, management and disposal of cases of bovine dermatophilosis and on the effects of this disease on productivity for 1985. The contemporary financial cost per case of treatment and/or premature disposal, slaughter or death to the owners was K. 202 (US$91). The cost due to draft oxen being affected was estimated at K. 428 (US$193) per affected ox. The cost of reduced milk production, replacing affected cows and calf deaths, directly or indirectly from bovine dermatophilosis, was estimated at K. 132 (US$78) per affected milking cow. The total annual national cost of bovine dermatophilosis in 1985 was conservatively estimated to be some K. 6.9 million, (US$3 million). There were indications that the true financial cost in 1985 may have been up to 1.8 times the estimated cost.

Abortion, Veterinary↗
PubMed1978

The borderline pituitary fossa in patients with amenorrhoea and/or galactorrhoea.

A retrospective clinicoradiological study of 80 patients with amenorrhoea and/or galactorrhoea showed: 1. Of 60 patients, in whom prolactin levels were estimated, 28 (47%) had hyperprolactinaemia (serum prolactin levels greater than 20 ng/ml). 2. Hyperprolactinaemia was present in 85% of patients with amenorrhoea and galactorrhoea, 35% of those with galactorrhoea only, and 12.5% of those with only amenorrhoea. 3. Pituitary adenomas were surgically removed from six patients; all but one had prolactin levels over 100 ng/ml. The level was 53 ng/ml in the sixth patient. 4. There is a considerable degree of observer variation in the interpretation of borderline sellar changes. 5. Minor abnormalities of the pituitary fossa were noted in 64% of patients with hyperprolactinaemia and 36% of those with normal prolactin levels. 6. The highest incidence of perfectly normal sellae was among patients with either amenorrhoea or galactorrhoea and normal serum prolactin.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1975

[Pituitary adenomas of patients with galactorrhea. Light and electron microscopic studies (author's transl)].

A collection of 108 surgically removed pituitary adenomas was studied by histologic, immunohistochemical and electron microscopical methods. It included 7 predominantly chromophobe adenomas of patients whose clinical symptoms consisted of a pure galactorrhea. Ultrastructurally, 4 of these adenomas contained little endoplasmic reticulum so that an endocrine activity of the tumors could not be assumed. These cases represented inactive adenomas which probably led to a disturbance of the secretion of prolactin-inhibiting factor by suprasellar extension resulting in stimulation of the non-tumorous adenohypophysis and secondary hyperprolactinemia. Another 3 adenomas consisted of cells that showed histologic and immunocytochemical reactions of the same kind as normal prolactin cells. Electron microscopically, these adenoma cells exhibited a very well developed rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum, dilatation of the Golgi complexes, sparsely arranged pleomorphic secretory granules, an increased number of microtubules, and interdigitating microvilli formed by the cell membrane. These features resembled closely the characteristics of stimulated non-tumorous prolactin cells during lactation, and thus could be termed "prolactin cell adenomas". These tumors surely caused a hyperprolactinemia through their own hormone production. In addition 3 other adenomas were present which showed the same light and electron microscopic structures as the prolactin cell adenomas but did not cause galactorrhea. From the findings in these cases we assume that the tumors effected neither a clinically peculiar hyperprolactinemia nor produced an endocrinologically inactive polypeptide.

Adenoma, Chromophobe↗
PubMed1975

Treatment of galactorrhea-amenorrhea syndrome with 2-Br-alpha-ergocryptin (CB 154). Clinical response and pattern of pituitary and steriod hormones before and during therapy.

2 Bromo-alpha-ergocryptine, a specific prolactin inhibitor, was administered to 9 patients suffering from galactorrhea-amenorrhea syndrome of varying aetiology. Plasma levels of FSH, LH, prolactin, total estrogens and progesterone were measured by radioimmunoassy before and after treatment initiation. Prior to treatment, plasma prolactin levels were in all cases supraphysiological. FSH and LH levels were, with the exception of one patient, in the low cyclic range. One patient had subnormal gonadotropin levels, presumably reflecting hypophyseal insufficiency following surgical removal of a pituitary adenoma. Mean plasma levels of total estrogens were in the lower normal range. Administration of CB 154 led in all cases to a reduction of plasma prolactin levels. In eight cases, galactorrhea was suppressed during the first month of treatment. Eight patients menstruated and seven ovulated as indicated by the basal body temperature (BBT) or plasma progesterone measurement. The postoperative hypophyseal tumor patient did not, with the exception of galactorrhea suppression, respond to treatment, presumably due to hypophyseal insufficiency. 2 patients conceived during the course of treatment. One patient, who developed galactorrhea-amenorrhea syndrome as a result of psychopharmacological drug administration received 7,5 mg/day CB 154. Prolactin secretion, as indicated by plasma levels, was inhibited but the inhibitation was much slower in onset than that exhibited by the other patients and this patient ovulated only after 5 months of treatment. Upon withdrawal of CB 154 therapy after 6 to 7 months, the patients redeveloped galactorrhea-amenorrhea syndrome, so that a definitive cure could not be demonstrated.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Successful sustained lactation following postpartum tubal ligation.

This study was undertaken to see whether tubal ligation performed within days postpartum, and associated with a delay in the initiation of breastfeeding, exerts a disruptive influence on successfully establishing lactation among the rural population of northern Thailand. Lactational performance of 12 rural northern Thai mothers was not affected by the delay in reunion of mothers with their babies as a result of postpartum tubal sterilization procedure when compared with a group of 8 other healthy mothers and babies. The volume of breast milk transferred, frequency of breastfeeding and the total feeding time spent on the breast were similar on days 15, 45, 90, 180 and 360 postpartum. This finding suggests that the pattern of intense breastfeeding activity as practiced by this group of mothers has a stronger influence on prolonged and successful lactation than early contact in the immediate postpartum period.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Growth failure in vitamin D-deficient rat pups.

Vitamin D-deficient rat pups were produced by feeding normal impregnated rats a diet deficient in vitamin D after mating. The rat pups appeared normal at birth but stopped growing at 1 week of age. Despite this growth failure, these pups were normocalcemic. Analyses of calvaria from a similar group of dams given vitamin D3 showed that these dams mobilized skeletal calcium to meet the calcium requirements of their growing pups.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Lactational failure--study of risk factors in Turkish mothers.

Risk factors for lactational failure in puerperium were investigated. Sixty mothers with inadequate daily milk supply for their babies were the lactational failure group, and 60 mothers with similar age having babies with similar age and weight were chosen as the control group. Low prolactin levels, low serum iron and low serum ferritin levels and low aldosterone values and birth in community hospitals were associated with significantly increased risk of deficient lactation. High income of the family, increase osmolality of breastmilk, high systolic blood pressure of the mother, birth by cesarean section were some of the variables that increased the risk that could not reach the level of significance. Prematurity of the baby was not among the risk factors if the gestational ages were more than 30 weeks. It is concluded that physicians awareness of the factors that may adversely effect the initiation and continuation of lactation is vital. Correcting iron deficiency even if it is not overt, sparing more time for the mothers discussing the benefits of breastmilk to their babies, and avoiding cesarean section if possible may help increase the incidence of breastmilk feeding.

Female↗
PubMed1984

Twenty-four-hour prolactin secretory patterns in women with galactorrhea, normal menses, normal random prolacting levels and abnormal sellar tomograms.

During a systematic study of women with idiopathic galactorrhea, we observed several patients with normal random serum prolactin (PRL) levels and normal menses, but abnormal sellar tomograms characteristic of a pituitary adenoma. To test the hypothesis that these women might have intermittent PRL hypersecretion, we studied PRL secretion by sampling blood every half hour for 24 h in 10 patients and for 17.5 h in another, and compared the findings to those of a group of 5 normal women. The mean 24-h PRL of the 10 patients (16.8 +/- 7.8 ng/ml; mean +/- SD) was not significantly different from that of the normal women (13.6 +/- 3.2 ng/ml), and each patient showed a normal sleep-associated PRL increment. Three individuals exhibited an abnormally elevated 24-h PRL (greater than 20 ng/ml). Increased PRL secretion occurred primarily at night or in the afternoon. Thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) administration caused normal or exaggerated PRL responses in all patients tested. High resolution CT scanning of two of the hypersecretors suggested a microadenoma in one case. In another case whose PRL was normal over 17.5 h, transsphenoidal surgery, carried out because of the tomographic findings and the symptom of headaches, demonstrated a 5-mm chromophobe adenoma that did not contain PRL by immunohistochemistry. Postoperatively the galactorrhea persisted. We conclude that most women with galactorrhea, normal PRL, normal menses, and abnormal tomograms have normal PRL secretion. However, a minority of patients with this syndrome do demonstrate intermittent PRL hypersecretion. The etiology of intermittent PRL hypersecretion and its relevance to galactorrhea have not been determined.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Effects of cyproterone acetate, LHRH agonist and ovarian surgery in McCune-Albright syndrome with precocious puberty and galactorrhea.

We have studied the endocrinological pattern in a girl with McCune-Albright syndrome. The young patient showed: normal prepubertal serum levels of gonadotropins, fluctuating estrogen concentrations, which sometimes were similar to the levels in adult women of fertile age, hyperprolactinemia with galactorrhea, ovarian cysts. The effects of treatment with antiandrogen drug, cyproterone acetate, and of a LHRH agonist, buserelin (less than D-Ser[TBU(8)6-des-gly NH2.10 greater than LHRH ethylamide), were studied. Cyproterone acetate with or without buserelin did not fully suppress estradiol concentrations. On the other hand, surgical resection of these cysts resulted in both clinical and endocrinological remission. It is likely that in this case of McCune-Albright syndrome precocious puberty was a result of ovarian estrogen secretion, while pubertal activation of the hypothalamus-pituitary axis was absent. Hyperprolactinemia, which appeared after the beginning of the combined therapy with buserelin and cyproterone acetate, was probably due to the elevated estrogen levels.

Buserelin↗