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At least 523 records · Page 29Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Migration, remittances, and inequality: estimating the net effects of migration on income distribution.

"This paper examines the net effects of migration and remittances on income distribution. Potential home earnings of migrants are imputed, as are the earnings of non-migrants in migrant households, in order to construct no-migration counterfactuals to compare with the observed income distribution including remittances. The earnings functions used to impute migrant home earnings are estimated from observations on non-migrants in a selection-corrected estimation framework which incorporates migration choice and labor-force participation decisions. For a sample of households in Bluefields, Nicaragua, migration and remittances increase income inequality when compared with the no-migration counterfactual."

Americas↗
PubMed1985

The 1981 census project: an outline and some findings.

The authors describe the 1981 census project in Australia, a study that was designed to provide "government agencies and departments with information concerning recent demographic changes as rapidly as possible so that the policy implications could be elaborated and used by decision makers in the private and public sectors....[This article] is a brief summary of some of the major findings of the project, specifically relating to the demographic components, population composition and characteristics of groups in the population." Sections are included on mortality, fertility, and migration, as well as on specific population groups in Australia, such as the family, ethnic groups, the labor force, and the aged.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Sudan in the light of its national censuses, with special reference to the 1983 census.

"The aim of this paper is to examine Sudan's development conditions, using its national censuses as indicators of the status of the country, with special reference to the 1983 census, the last census in Sudan." The importance of taking migration into account when examining the prospects for development is stressed. The author also describes available demographic data sources for the Sudan, including the censuses of 1955-1956 and 1973. Sections are included on population size and growth, sex and age distribution, spatial distribution, population density, mortality, migration, illiteracy, and the labor force.

Africa↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ageing and economic welfare.

"The purpose of the present paper is to seek to elucidate the effects of recent and future population development upon the economic welfare of the Danish population as a whole, but especially of the elderly." It is shown that the proportion of the elderly in the total population has increased from 10 percent in 1900 to 20 percent in 1984 and is likely to increase to 21 percent in 2000 and 30 percent in 2025. The consequent increase in the dependency burden on those of working age is examined. The need for greater economic efficiency, higher fertility, and increased labor force participation by the elderly in order for the country to respond to this challenge is noted. (summary in FRE, ITA)

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Polish education in the crisis decade--the testimony of population census.

"The purpose of this essay is to offer information on the links that exist between...demographic growth, education and the [labor force] in Poland, as revealed in past population censuses...taken in 1978 and 1988...." The effect of education on occupational status is discussed, and some projections for Poland's educational and employment sectors are made.

Demography↗
PubMed1982

Interregional migration models with source and interaction information.

"Information flows in models of migration are emphasized. In particular, migrants are assumed to react to two types of information about job vacancies. 'Interaction information' may be defined as interpersonal communication between recent migrants and their former neighbors or friends, and 'source information' represents a direct flow of information from employers or agencies to individuals. Models are developed that investigate the effects of various communication rates and information retention levels on vacancy rates and labor-force population trajectories. It is found that attempts by planners to reduce regional inequities in vacancy rates through controlled advertising may be successful, but at the possible cost of increasing temporal fluctuations of regional vacancy rates."

Communication↗
PubMed1986

[Three projections of population decline for Quebec: characteristics and implications for the working population].

"After a brief review of various projections of population decline for Quebec, the author analyses some previous examples of depopulation, and emphasizes that public opinion will have to change much if immigration is to be used as a tool for avoiding population decline. He then investigates four implications of the projected decline: the size of the working population, its age and sex structure, the labor force participation ratio, and the economic dependency ratio." (SUMMARY IN ENG AND SPA)

Age Factors↗
PubMed1991

The effects of economic development and world-system on occupational sex segregation.

In order to better integrate women's subordinate status into the world system, the author examined how processes of the new international division of labor and consequent underdevelopment affect women's overall economic status and occupational sex segregation (OSS). For the empirical test, panel regression analyses were used with 71 crossnational cases for the periods of 1960-80 and 1970-80. The results of the analyses clearly show that world-system position and economic development proved to have important consequences for OSS. However, the results unexpectedly showed a negative relation for multinational corporation dependency, which is stronger for the longer term period than for the shorter term. Of the intervening variables, the effects of female labor force participation show a negative effect on OSS, and those of the female share of the service sector show a strong positive effect on OSS at either point in time. Fertility did not show any significant effects on OSS.

Demography↗
PubMed1987

The incorporation of Mexican women in seasonal migration: a study of gender differences.

"This article compares sex differences in migratory behaviors, work patterns and conjugal relations in a cohort of male and female immigrants who move seasonally between Mexico and the United States. Gender comparisons are made using survey data and information from in-depth group interviews. The findings indicate that among Mexicans immigration to the United States reinstates men's traditional roles as providers while making women assume non-traditional roles. Female role expansion, through employment in the U.S., strongly influences conjugal relations in the direction of more equality. In contrast, failure to enter the American labor force implies a role restriction resulting in a loss of autonomy for many immigrant women." (SUMMARY IN SPA)

Americas↗
PubMed1985

[The evolution of female single parent families in various regions of Quebec, 1971-1981].

Developments concerning single-parent, female-headed households in Quebec are analyzed. The authors note that in contrast to past experience, "the new single parent family is in most cases the result of a voluntary disruption of the household, or of a birth outside marriage; its head is mostly--and increasingly--the mother; and it concerns an increasingly younger population, among parents as well as children." Differences among metropolitan regions are analyzed with regard to labor force participation, income, and housing conditions. (SUMMARY IN ENG AND SPA)

Age Factors↗
PubMed1982

Volatility in the geographical structure of short-run US interstate migration.

"Migration is often thought to be a long-run phenomenon. However, it is shown here by means of labor-force migration estimates derived from the Continuous Work History Sample over the period 1958-1975, that US interstate migration is quite volatile over the short run with respect both to its adjustment to macroeconomic fluctuations and to its geographic structure. A hierarchical clustering routine is utilized to analyse yearly estimates of interstate gross in-migration and out-migration so as to identify the temporal stability and characteristics of the geographical patterns of migration. States enter the national migration linkage tree at different levels for different years, depending upon the level of short-run economic activity." It is also shown that "when national economic conditions worsen, labor-supply adjustments are more localized and the degree of interstate interdependence is less than in times of economic boom."

Americas↗
PubMed1996

Summary results of the 1996 Population By-census.

"This article presents the salient features and trends of the population of Hong Kong based on the results of the 1996 Population By-census." Information is included on population size, age and sex structure, marital status, educational attainment, labor force, occupations, industry, households, and housing.

Age Distribution↗
PubMed1999

Free markets and the marriage market: structural adjustment, gender relations, and working conditions among Dominican women workers.

The relationship between economic conditions and marriage patterns in the Dominican Republic is analyzed using data collected in 1994 on women working in a free-trade zone. The author concludes that changes associated with structural adjustment appear to have contributed to a deterioration of the job market and a greater prevalence of female-headed households. It is shown that "structural adjustment increases the need for women to work, because of cuts in government programs, declining real wages, growing inflation, and a deterioration in male employment, which weakens the man's role as principal breadwinner and increases the importance and visibility of women's contribution to the household economy. This change in the gender composition of the labor force has encouraged some women to resist marriage and/or remarriage because the ¿marriage market' of eligible men willing and able to support a family has been reduced, contributing to greater marital instability."

Americas↗
PubMed1987

Health services and the legitimation of the colonial state: British Malaya 1786-1941.

This article is concerned with the establishment and extension of health care and medical services in British colonial Malaya. Initially, medical care was provided for the colonial elite and those in their direct employment. With the expansion of colonial control beyond trade centers into the hinterland and with the growth of agriculture and mining. Western medicine was extended both to labor involved in these export industries and to others whose ill health might jeopardize the welfare of the colonists. Public health programs in the twentieth century continued to focus on medical problems that had direct impact on the colonial economy, but programs were extended to ensure the reproduction as well as the maintenance of the labor force. This article develops the notion of a legitimation vacuum, and the role of the state provision of social services, including medical services, in legitimizing colonial presence and control.

Delivery of Health Care↗
PubMed1988

Soviet fertility as viewed by Soviet authors: the Franco-Soviet demographic meeting of Suzdal (USSR).

The author reports on the Franco-Soviet Seminar of Demography, held in Suzdal, USSR, in 1986. She examines "how the problem of fertility is viewed by Soviet authors, why and when they began to study its theoretical aspects, and what means they propose to raise fertility." Topics considered include sources of information on fertility in the USSR; analysis of fertility and reproductive behavior; the study of selected determinants of fertility, including geographical and ethnic differences, female labor force participation, and the relationships among family planning, health, and reproductive behavior; and means of developing an effective population policy.

Congresses as Topic↗
PubMed1993

Demographics and the dynamics of earnings.

"This paper discusses how demographic changes, in particular changes in cohort size, female labor force participation and migration, influence the dynamics of wage rate profiles. A review of the literature suggests that there are demographic effects on wage rate profiles, although they are usually rather small." Data are from Sweden and other developed countries.

Cohort Studies↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Work and family in Spain].

The relationship between family and labor force participation in Spain is examined. "First of all, the paper will emphasize the question's significance. And then, it will [study] the family and work in relation to nuptiality, birth rate and family dynamics. Finally, it will [consider]...unemployment's effect on...family life." (SUMMARY IN ENG)

Demography↗
PubMed1995

Taxes, divorce-transactions costs, economic conditions, and divorce rates: an exploratory empirical inquiry for the United States.

"This study argues that, given the tax deductibility of alimony payments in the United States, higher marginal federal income tax rates may reduce the expected transactions costs of divorce and act thereby to increase the divorce rate. After allowing for a variety of other factors, including inflation, female labor force participation, AIDS, the Vietnam War, age, the availability of legal assistance, and transfer payments, both first-differences estimates and Granger-causality tests strongly support the hypothesis."

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗