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Results for “Karyometry”

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At least 523 records · Page 29Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Detection of hyperdiploid karyotypes (>50 chromosomes) in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH).

ALL patients with a hyperdiploid karyotype of more than 50 chromosomes (high hyperdiploidy) carry a better prognosis in contrast to patients presenting with other cytogenetic features, and an appropriate less intensive therapy protocol should be developed for these patients. For this reason it is desirable to have a quick screening method identifying those with this type of hyperdiploidy. We therefore studied the bone marrow and/or blood cells of 278 children with ALL using double target fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) on interphase. A combination of DNA probes (repetitive, centromere specific) was applied detecting chromosomes which are most frequently overrepresented in patients with hyperdiploidy (>50), at chromosomes 6, 10, 17 and 18. All patients showing hybridization signals differing from the normal signal distribution of two spots for each tested chromosome were analyzed cytogenetically as well. 102 children (102/278; 36.7%) were found to have a clone with aberrant FISH results. In 80 patients (80/278, 28.8%) the cytogenetic analysis detected a hyperdiploid karyotype >50 chromosomes, whereas the remaining patients (n=12) could be related to other ploidy subgroups, ie hyperdiploidy with 47-50 chromosomes, haploidy, triploidy/tetraploidy. Comparison of the FISH results with the measurements of the DNA content showed good agreement for 88.8% (208/234) of the investigated patients. The detected rate of 28.8% patients with a high hyperdiploid karyotype in our investigated cohort is comparable to the frequency of other studies. Only one patient was not identified as having a hyperdiploid karyotype with our combination of DNA probes. Our results indicate that FISH is a feasible and quick screening method for the detection of hyperdiploid karyotypes (>50 chromosomes) and other ploidy subgroups.

Aneuploidy↗
PubMed1998

Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction is a reliable assay for detecting leukemic colonies generated by chronic myelogenous leukemia cells.

Single-colony karyotyping (SCK) and reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) are two increasingly used techniques for the quantification of leukemic colonies generated by chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) cell fractions purged or selected in vitro. Recently, the existence of Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome positive progenitors with a silent BCR-ABL gene has been reported, thus raising concerns on the use of RT-PCR for detecting BCR-ABL positive progenitors. In order to investigate this issue further, colonies (n = 204) generated by mononuclear (MNC) or CD34+ CML cells were individually harvested, divided into two aliquots and analyzed both at the cytogenetic level to detect the Ph chromosome, and the molecular level to detect BCR-ABL transcripts. The mean (+/- s.d.) percentages of colonies analyzable by either SCK or RT-PCR were 74 +/- 16% and 86 +/- 16%, respectively. A significant percentage of colonies (67 +/- 19%) could be successfully analyzed by both SCK and RT-PCR. Although the majority of these colonies (97 +/- 5%) were Ph-positive and BCR-ABL-positive, a negligible percentage (4%) of progenitors were Ph-positive but BCR-ABL-negative. In order to test the influence of colony size on the outcome of molecular analysis, the efficiency of our RT-PCR assay in detecting BCR-ABL transcripts was investigated by means of experiments in which the number of cells used to start RNA extraction was serially reduced. These experiments showed that at least 150 cells were necessary to achieve a reproducible amplification of BCR-ABL transcripts. By correlating the size of harvested colonies with the outcome of molecular analysis, it was evident that BCR-ABL-negative but Ph-positive colonies represented false negative results occurring when a number of leukemic cells below the detection limit of our RT-PCR assay was analyzed. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that individual CML colonies grown in semisolid culture assays can be indifferently analyzed by SCK or RT-PCR, and support an extensive use of a carefully standardized RT-PCR assay to estimate the leukemic burden within samples which have been purged and selected in vitro.

Adult↗
PubMed1968

The fractionation of nuclei from mammalian cells by zonal centrifugation.

1. Purified liver nuclei from adult rats separate into two main zones when centrifuged in the slow-speed zonal rotor. One zone contains diploid nuclei, the other tetraploid. 2. The effect of age on the pattern of rat liver ploidy was examined. Tetraploid nuclei are virtually absent from young animals. They increase in proportion steadily with age. Partial hepatectomy disturbs the pattern of ploidy. 3. The zonal centrifuge permits the separation of diploid, tetraploid, octaploid and hexadecaploid nuclei from mouse liver. 4. Rat liver nuclei are isopycnic with sucrose solutions of density 1.35 at 5 degrees .

Age Factors↗
PubMed2003

Fine needle aspiration cytology in non-neoplastic non-toxic recurrent nodular goitre.

The aim of the study was to examine whether evaluation of anisokaryosis is helpful in the cytological diagnosis of focal lesions in non-toxic recurrent goitre (NRG) after thyroidectomy for non-malignant goitre. Karyometric analysis was performed in routine cytological smears obtained from 80 females: 40 with focal lesions in non-toxic primary goitre (NPG) and 40 with NRG (postoperative histopathological examination revealed nodular goitre in both groups in all cases). We found that the level of anisokaryosis was significantly (P<0.005) higher in NRG than in NPG. There were no significant differences between the two lesions, in cellular composition or thyroid follicular cell arrangement. Thus, isolated anisokaryosis, a feature of malignancy in patients without a prior thyroidectomy, has limited diagnostic value in recurrent goitre.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Palmitate induces structural alterations in nuclei of cardiomyocytes.

The objective of this study was to examine the hypothesis that the alterations of cardiac nuclei, that has been noted in some cardiomyopathies, can be produced by palmitate, a saturated fatty acid present in high circulating concentrations in patients with conditions associated with a high probability of developing cardiomyopathy. Cardiomyocytes isolated from embryonic chick ventricle were maintained in culture for 72 h and then treated with palmitate, 100 microM for 24 h. Cells were stained with acridine orange or Giemsa and examined microscopically. Cell size and nuclear size were examined by forward light scatter during flow cytometry. Cells were permeabilized and their nuclei were stained with propidium iodide and examined by flow cytometry on populations of 10,000 cells. Cardiomyocytes treated with palmitate displayed changes in nuclear appearance as nuclei were larger, relative to cell size, with more intense acridine orange staining in a peripheral location. Nucleoli were often disrupted. Palmitate produced a significant (P < 0.001) and 17% increase in nuclear size compared to untreated cells using flow cytometry analysing forward light scatter to estimate nuclear and whole cells size. There were no significant changes in the size of the whole cell and ratio of nucleus to whole cell was significantly (P < 0.01) increased compared to control cells. Fluorescent activating cell sorting analysis of propidium iodide stained nuclei demonstrated that the nuclear enlargement was not due to cell mitosis as the proportion of nuclei in Go/G1, S or M was not changed by palmitate. In summary, these studies identify that palmitate can induce structural abnormalities of cardiomyocytes nuclei by producing increased nuclear size and nucleolar destruction.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

About the relationship between adrenal cortex and thyroid gland of rats (shift-effect).

In the present paper the inverse quantitative relationships between the thyrotropical system and the adrenocorticotropical system should be demonstrated under different acute experimental conditions by caryometric investigations. In stimulating the adrenal cortex system by a single injection of 0.2 ml saline solution (0.9%)/rat the nuclear sizes of the thyroid follicular cells decreased timedependend whereas the nuclear parameters of adrenal cortex fasciculata cells increased. In inhibiting the adrenal cortex system and stimulating the thyrotropical system by a single injection of 50 micrograms TRH/rat the thyroid nuclear values increased timedependend biphasically and the adrenal cortex parameters decreased correspondingly. The inverse relationships of the histometric parameters of both endocrine organs proved to be highly significant (p less than or equal to 0.001). The mathematical relations could be expressed by the straight line y = 63.76 - 1.05 x.

Adrenal Cortex↗
PubMed1984

Inhibitory action of the pineal gland on the nuclear volume of thyroid follicular cells in male gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus).

Karyometric investigations of thyroid follicular cells were performed in four groups of adult male gerbils [I. sham-operated (Sham PX) + short photoperiod (SPP)-exposed; II. Sham PX + long photoperiod (LPP)-exposed; III. pinealectomized (PX) + SPP-exposed; IV. PX + LPP-exposed]. The mean nuclear volume (MNV) of thyroid follicular cells was significantly higher in both PX groups (III and IV) when compared to Sham PX controls (I and II). In Sham PX gerbils the maintenance of animals in SPP (10 h light: 14 h darkness) for 13 weeks resulted in significant decrease of MNV of thyroid follicular cells in comparison to that in Sham PX animals kept in LPP (14 h light: 10 h darkness). Lighting conditions did not significantly affect the MNV of thyroid follicular cells in PX gerbils. These data suggest that the pineal gland itself and not light deprivation is the most important factor depressing the activity of the thyroid in male gerbils. Lighting conditions seem to affect the function of thyroid follicular cells inasmuch as they activate or block the action of the pineal gland.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[The nuclear surface area as a malignancy parameter in breast cancer].

For better characterisation of the degree of malignancy of breast cancers, we have attempted to establish a correlation between nuclear size and prognosis in breast cancer. Karyometric investigations were carried out on biopsies from 200 primary breast cancers. On the basis of the nuclear areas determined, we were able to distinguish three groups of carcinomas: group I: carcinomas with small nuclear areas (n = 33), mean value 97.76 microns 2, group II: carcinomas with intermediate nuclear areas (n = 98), mean value of the nuclear areas 146.5 microns 2, group III: carcinomas with large nuclear areas (n = 69), mean value 190.8 microns 2. After five years, 6% of the patients in group I had died, as compared to 35% in group II and 48% in group III. The median survival time was 45 to 48 months in group I, as compared to 37 months in group II and 28 months in group III. There was a direct correlation between axillary lymph node status and nuclear size: the carcinomas with the small nuclear sizes showed the least involvement. A comparison of the prognostic relevance of nodal status and nuclear area size, reveals a good relevance for the nuclear area similar to that of the nodal status. The results of the biopsy cytology are already available to the surgeon before the operation.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1984

[Quantitative and qualitative structure analysis of cell exfoliated from the normal vulva and from benign, precancerous and malignant vulvar lesions].

The value of cytological smears for screening for cancer of the external female genital organs has been stressed recently on repeated occasions. The evaluation of the cornified cells obtained from different vulvar diseases has however only been undertaken by subjective criteria. The qualitative structural analysis and the planimetric evaluation of 3,260 cornified cells from 123 patients with vulvar lesions of different types showed fundamental and essential differences in the criteria of malignancy compared to cytology of the uterine cervix. Whereas the nuclear plasmatic ratio and the chromatine structure are of secondary importance, the absolute size of the nucleus and the cell and especially the degree of cytoplasmatic polymorphy have a high degree of cytoplasmatic polymorphy have a high degree of importance. The special cytomorphological criteria described permit the differentiation of benign and malignant lesions of the vulva from the cytology of the cornified cells.

Biopsy↗
PubMed2000

Nuclear morphometry for the prediction of regional lymph nodes metastases in patients with cancer of the larynx.

The changes in cell nuclei reflect their activity. Quantitative morphometric analyses of tumor nuclei could be instrumental in providing prognostic information. We studied whether, and if so, which specific nuclear parameters and histoclinical factors in patients with cancer of the larynx could be related to the lymph node metastases. Specimens were taken from 61 patients surgically treated in the Department of Otolaryngology, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland, between 1987 and 1988. The period between the onset of the first symptoms and the actual commencement of the treatment spanned no more than 9 months. The follow-up period was no shorter than 5 years. Histologically confirmed metastases in the regional lymph nodes were found in 16 patients. The histologic grading and tumor front grading was pursued in all cases. Fourteen parameters of the nuclei were studied with the aid of a computer-assisted system of image analysis. The morphometric parameters and the histoclinical factors were analyzed by the chi(2) test and the stepwise logistic regression. It was established that nuclear area > or =66 microm (P = 0.042), perimeter > or =32 microm (P = 0.087), optical density > or =22,500 (P = 0.027), long axis > or =10.15 microm (P = 0.025), short axis > or =7.3 microm (P = 0.003), TFG assessed (> or =15 points) and tumor advancement (T3, T4) were related to more frequent metastases to the lymph nodes. The morphometric parameters of the greatest significance were short axis and optical density. The quantitative morphometric analysis could prove a useful tool in predicting metastases to the lymph nodes.

Adult↗