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PubMed1997

Effect of cognitive-behavioural training on job-finding among long-term unemployed people.

BACKGROUND: The principles of cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) have been applied successfully through individual psychotherapy to several psychiatric disorders. We adapted these principles to create a group--training programme for a non-psychiatric group-long-term (> 12 months) unemployed people. The aim was to investigate the effects of the programme on measures of mental health, job-seeking, and job-finding. METHODS: 289 volunteers (of standard occupational classification professional groups) were randomly assigned to a CBT or control programme, matched for all variables other than specific content, that emphasised social support. 244 (134 CBT, 110 control) people started the programmes and 199 (109 CBT, 90 control) completed the whole 7 weeks of weekly 3 h sessions (including three CBT, seven control participants who withdrew because they obtained employment or full-time training). Questionnaires completed before training, on completion, and 3-4 months later (follow-up data available for 94 CBT, 89 control) assessed mental health, job-seeking activities, and success in job-finding. Analyses were based on those who completed the programmes. Participants were not aware that two interventions were being used. Investigators were aware of group allocation, but were accompanied in all programmes by co-trainers who were non-investigators. FINDINGS: Before training, 80 (59%) CBT-group participants and 59 (54%) controls scored 5 or more on the general health questionnaire (GHQ; taken to define psychiatric caseness). After training, 29 (21%) and 25 (23%), respectively, scored 5 or more (p < 0.001 for both decreases). Improvements in mean scores with training on the GHQ (between-group difference 3.91, p = 0.05) and in other measures of mental health were significantly greater in the CBT group than in the control group. There were no significant differences between the groups in job-seeking activity during or after training, but significantly more of the CBT group than of the control group had been successful in finding full-time work (38 [34%] vs 13 [13%], p < 0.001), by 4 months after completion of training. INTERPRETATION: These results suggest that group CBT training can improve mental health and produce tangible benefits in job-finding. Application of CBT among the unemployed is likely to benefit both individuals and society in general.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

The Americans with Disabilities Act. Emerging issues for ophthalmologists.

BACKGROUND: The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 is the most comprehensive federal law to address discrimination against an estimated 49 million Americans in the areas of employment, governmental services, public accommodations, transportation, and telecommunications. METHODS: The authors describe title I of the Americans with Disabilities Act and examine the challenges of implementing the employment provisions set forth in this legislation as they relate to visual impairment and disability. CONCLUSIONS: It is crucial that ophthalmologists understand the implications of the Americans with Disabilities Act when caring for individuals with visual impairments and communicating with their employers and other healthcare specialists. Ophthalmologists play an increasingly important role in shaping public policy toward people with visual impairments.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1996

Career guidance for student nurses: an unmet need.

Career guidance is important both organizationally and for the individual, especially at a time of re-emerging concerns about retention, and increasing complexity of nursing careers due to rapidly changing systems of health care provision. A questionnaire survey of 1015 newly qualified registered general nurses explored their experiences of career guidance whilst students, in relation to three areas: . applying for first post . taking post-basic courses . longer term plans. Findings revealed that few students were provided with guidance. Furthermore, a substantial unmet need was demonstrated, especially in relation to discussions about individual career planning.

Career Mobility↗
PubMed2003

The job search.

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Canada↗