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PubMed1999

Nursing informatics. Issues for critical care medicine.

The demands of today's health care arena have forced the issue of automation and computerization. Nursing, as the major stakeholder in the collecting, managing, processing, transforming, and communicating of information regarding the patient, has developed a new approach to these tasks. Nursing informatics, which is the application of computer science and information science, is being used to manage and process the data, information, and knowledge necessary in the discipline. Although still in its infancy, nursing informatics has started to have a major effect on health care information gathering and clinical practice despite the multiple barriers to its advancement. Critical care is a data-rich environmental that can benefit from better management and processing of the data derived from the critically ill patient. Nursing and medical informatics joining together to organize the data, coupled with the introduction of good DSS and the addition of information retrieval systems at the bedside and the on-line medical record, will have a positive effect on the critical care environment and on the critical care patient outcomes.

Critical Care↗
PubMed1975

Study of the Information Dissemination Service--Health Sciences Library, State University of New York at Buffalo.

The Information Dissemination Service at the Health Sciences Library, State University of New York at Buffalo, was established June 1970 through a three-year grant from the Lakes Area Regional Medical Program, Inc. Analysis of two samples of user request forms yielded results which significantly substantiate findings in prior biomedical literature utilization studies. The findings demonstrate comparable utilization patterns by user group, age of material, journal titles, language, time to process request, source of reference, and size of institution.

Books↗
PubMed2001

LabVelocity: online tools for life science products, protocols, technical information, MEDLINE searches, and laboratory calculations.

As the pace of life science discovery increases, so do the demands on researchers. To remain competitive in the life science industry, researchers must use every tool at their disposal to keep up with new products, protocols, news, and literature in their field. While there are now myriad Web sites that assist researchers with this problem, many suffer from confusing user interfaces, poorly designed search engines, and a narrow information focus. Here, we present LabVelocity, a user-friendly Web site that provides a free multidisciplinary information-gathering service for the life science research community. Using LabVelocity, a researcher can quickly find the products, protocols, technical references, news, MEDLINE abstracts, and interactive software tools necessary for an experiment. This aggregation of information can streamline experimental planning and is especially useful when researchers want to set up a new laboratory or to venture outside their field of expertise.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2000

Two applications of information extraction to biological science journal articles: enzyme interactions and protein structures.

Information extraction technology, as defined and developed through the U.S. DARPA Message Understanding Conferences (MUCs), has proved successful at extracting information primarily from newswire texts and primarily in domains concerned with human activity. In this paper we consider the application of this technology to the extraction of information from scientific journal papers in the area of molecular biology. In particular, we describe how an information extraction system designed to participate in the MUC exercises has been modified for two bioinformatics applications: EMPathIE, concerned with enzyme and metabolic pathways; and PASTA, concerned with protein structure. Progress to date provides convincing grounds for believing that IE techniques will deliver novel and effective ways for scientists to make use of the core literature which defines their disciplines.

Binding Sites↗
PubMed1998

A telecommunications system to manage patients with chronic disease.

The care of patients with chronic disease is a large and growing problem in the United States and other industrialized countries.' it is expensive, and the quality of care received by patients is often sub-optimal, resulting in poor health outcomes. We developed a totally automated computer-controlled telecommunications system, called TLC, that provides--frequent, close monitoring of patients with chronic disease and reports the results to the patients' physicians on a timely basis, so that they can intervene appropriately. TLC also monitors the patients' important self care activities, such as medication-taking, and provides education and counseling to improve the patients' performance of these activities. The system operates through regularly scheduled telephone conversations with patients' in their homes. An evaluation of a TLC chronic disease application for patients with hypertension demonstrated that use of the system was associated with significant improvement of the patients' adherence to their medication regimens and significantly improved blood pressure control. These results show that it is possible to design an information science-based health care delivery system that performs functions usually performed only by health care professionals, and suggests that information science will become an important means of delivering health care services in the next millennium.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1987

Business information sources for health sciences librarians.

As the health care industry becomes more business oriented, health sciences librarians will encounter more patrons seeking business information. Administrators and managers of health care facilities are primarily in need of business information. This paper discusses those resources with which health sciences librarians must be familiar to successfully meet the challenges of these new demands. It identifies traditional and online sources, and emphasizes business sources geared to the health care industry. The business managers of the health care facility represent a new patron market for the health sciences librarian.

Bibliographies as Topic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[News about cancer in the press].

BACKGROUND: News on health and health care are increasingly common in the mass media, and cancer is one of the most prominent topic among these news due to its health impact. MATERIAL AND METHODS: All news published in major newspapers in Catalonia, Spain between April to December 1996 were analysed, together with items from science and health supplements general information and science journals. Types of cancer-related topics, sources of information, the importance of cancer in the news item and the theme of the piece were analysed. RESULTS: During the period analysed, 974 news items were published which dealt with cancer. Of these, cancer was the principal topic in 53.5% of the items published in the national press, and 63.4% of the items published in the regional press. Cancer was the subject of an editorial comment on only four occasions. The source of information was mentioned in 64.8% of the items, and mean number of sources was 1.6. Political institutions were the most frequent source of information in newspapers, while science and health supplements and other magazines tended to cite scientific and health care institutions, as well as scientific journals. Basic research was the most common topic for news (30.3%) in science and health supplements while risk and environmental factors (29.6%) were the most common topics in magazines; environmental and technological risk factors (18,6%) and conflicts with health administrative bodies (16%) were the most frequent topics in the newspapers. CONCLUSION: News about risk factors and their prevention as well as technological and environmental factors related to cancer were among the most important topics published in the general press and magazines, together with conflicts with administrative bodies. Informations related to new therapies were a less frequent topic. Scientific journals have an important role as an information source for mass media together with political and scientific institutions.

Humans↗
PubMed2003

Some unintended consequences of information technology in health care: the nature of patient care information system-related errors.

Medical error reduction is an international issue, as is the implementation of patient care information systems (PCISs) as a potential means to achieving it. As researchers conducting separate studies in the United States, The Netherlands, and Australia, using similar qualitative methods to investigate implementing PCISs, the authors have encountered many instances in which PCIS applications seem to foster errors rather than reduce their likelihood. The authors describe the kinds of silent errors they have witnessed and, from their different social science perspectives (information science, sociology, and cognitive science), they interpret the nature of these errors. The errors fall into two main categories: those in the process of entering and retrieving information, and those in the communication and coordination process that the PCIS is supposed to support. The authors believe that with a heightened awareness of these issues, informaticians can educate, design systems, implement, and conduct research in such a way that they might be able to avoid the unintended consequences of these subtle silent errors.

Communication↗
PubMed1997

Developing informatics as a discipline.

Informatics is developing in all of the disciplines related to healthcare. There are many aspects to informatics development which frequently appear to be unrelated and to lack cohesion. This paper builds on the development of a model for nursing informatics and proposes how the components of that model can interact to provide an outline for the development of informatics as a discipline. A understanding of the disciple allows us to organize the existing research and more importantly to understand the areas where research is lacking as the discipline is evolving.

Classification↗
PubMed2004

Information sources in biomedical science and medical journalism: methodological approaches and assessment.

Throughout the world the public is showing increasing interest in medical and scientific subjects and journalists largely spread this information, with an important impact on knowledge and health. Clearly, therefore, the relationship between the journalist and his sources is delicate: freedom and independence of information depend on the independence and truthfulness of the sources. The new "precision journalism" holds that scientific methods should be applied to journalism, so authoritative sources are a common need for journalists and scientists. We therefore compared the individual classifications and methods of assessing of sources in biomedical science and medical journalism to try to extrapolate scientific methods of evaluation to journalism. In journalism and science terms used to classify sources of information show some similarities, but their meanings are different. In science primary and secondary classes of information, for instance, refer to the levels of processing, but in journalism to the official nature of the source itself. Scientists and journalists must both always consult as many sources as possible and check their authoritativeness, reliability, completeness, up-to-dateness and balance. In journalism, however, there are some important differences and limits: too many sources can sometimes diminish the quality of the information. The sources serve a first filter between the event and the journalist, who is not providing the reader with the fact, but with its projection. Journalists have time constraints and lack the objective criteria for searching, the specific background knowledge, and the expertise to fully assess sources. To assist in understanding the wealth of sources of information in journalism, we have prepared a checklist of items and questions. There are at least four fundamental points that a good journalist, like any scientist, should know: how to find the latest information (the sources), how to assess it (the quality and authoritativeness), how to analyse and filter it (selection), how to deal with too many sources of information, sometimes case biased by conflicting interests (balance). The journalist must, in addition, know how to translate it to render it accessible and useful to the general public (dissemination), and how to use it best.

Biomedical Research↗
PubMed2005

Service-oriented science.

New information architectures enable new approaches to publishing and accessing valuable data and programs. So-called service-oriented architectures define standard interfaces and protocols that allow developers to encapsulate information tools as services that clients can access without knowledge of, or control over, their internal workings. Thus, tools formerly accessible only to the specialist can be made available to all; previously manual data-processing and analysis tasks can be automated by having services access services. Such service-oriented approaches to science are already being applied successfully, in some cases at substantial scales, but much more effort is required before these approaches are applied routinely across many disciplines. Grid technologies can accelerate the development and adoption of service-oriented science by enabling a separation of concerns between discipline-specific content and domain-independent software and hardware infrastructure.

Algorithms↗